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by others, and his time, i. 365; placed in the time of Pope
Pius by the author of a poem against the Marcionites, iii.
293; how quoted, by Irenæus, i. 273, 274; Clement of
Alexandria, 406; Tertullian, 434; Origen, 551; not a
canonical book, though genuine, ii. 370, 375, 386; not
received as of authority, by Athanasius, 400, 401, 402;
by Prosper, iii. 21

Hermias, an early author, who wrote against Gentilism, i. 414
Hermogenes, a heretic, confuted by Theophilus, Bp of An-
tioch, i. 383; the account of him from ancient authors,
iv. 664; of his time and country, 663; his opinion con-
cerning the eternity of matter, 665; he asserted one God,
666; some other of his opinions, 664, 666; set up no
separate communion, 667; received both the Old and
New Testament, 668; no account of his writings, ibid.
Herod the Great, an Idumean, i. 9; and yet a Jew, 10, гor;
how he obtained the kingdom of Judea, 10, 148; the
manner of his death, 10, 230; was always a dependent
tributary prince, 148 to 149; reduced to a more strict sub-
jection to the Romans, 151; several of his cruel actions
rehearsed, 180, 181; Augustus's jest upon him for killing
his sons, 183, 184; who of his children survived him, 214;
several opinions concerning the time of his death, i.
231 to 233

Herod Agrippa, his several preferments till he became king
of all Judea, i. 14; a zealous Jew, ibid.; his remarkable
death, 14 to 16; his children, 16; his letter to Caligula
to dissuade him from erecting his statue at Jerusalem,
49, 61, 85; how ridiculed at Alexandria, 87, 88; impri-
soned by order of Tiberius, 128; complains to Petronius
of an injury done the Jews in Syria, 98; presents a
gold chain at Jerusalem, 128; orders Nazarites to be
shaved, 116

Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, in the time of John the
Baptist, and our Saviour, i. 12; his marriage with He-
rodias, ibid.; see also 212; banished by Caligula into
Gaul, 13; was at Jerusalem at the time of our Saviour's
crucifixion, 80

Herod king of Chalcis, married his niece Bernice, i. 16; see
also 213, note; had the government of the temple, 18,

note s

Herod, son of Herod the Great, by Mariamne the high priest's
daughter, his history, and that he was otherwise called
Philip, and was the first husband of Herodias, i. 212
Herodians, who they were, i. 70

Herodias, married Herod the tetrarch, i. 12; her character,
12, 13; her daughter demands John Baptist's head, 13;
who was her first husband, 212, 213

Herwaert, (John Geo.) his interpretation of Luke ii. 2. i. 165
Hesychius, Bp in Egypt, his edition of the Old and New Tes-
tament, ii. 111, 112, 113; mentioned again, 128
Heuman, (C. A.) his opinion concerning the bishopric and
martyrdom of Hippolytus, i. 498; his edition of Lactan-
tius commended, ii. 261, 266; his opinion concerning
the Manichæism of Lactantius considered, 275; his re-
marks upon a passage of Polycrates Bp of Ephesus, 555;
quoted, ii. 258, 279, 362, 568; iii. 6, 195, 197, 214,
267, 424, 426, 431, 433; his remarks upon Pliny's letter
concerning the Christians examined, iv. 19, 21; quoted
and commended, 250

Hierax, a learned Christian of Egypt, reckoned a Manichee,
ii. 153; but without reason, 153, 154; his eminence, 154,
155; his testimony to the scriptures, 155
Hierocles, who wrote against the Christians at the beginning
of Dioclesian's persecution, iv. 112; an account of his
work from Lactantius, 253 to 255; from Eusebius, 255,
256; he did not deny the truth of our Saviour's miracles,
but set up Apollonius Tyanæus against him: be was well
acquainted with the books of the Old and New Testament,
and bears witness to their antiquity and genuineness, and
mentions by name St. Peter and St. Paul, 254 to 258;
see also 296, 297; guilty of great cruelties when he was

præfect at Alexandria, 256, 257; different from Hierocles
a philosopher at Alexandria, in the fifth century, 257
Hierocles of Alexandria, his time, history, and works, with
remarks, iv. 416, 417

High priests, did rend their clothes upon extraordinary occa-
sions, 181; mentioned in the plural number, ibid.; their
sacred vestment, by whom kept at several times, 81, 82;
see also Vitellius; their succession preserved by Jo-
sephus, 210

Hilary, deacon of Rome, his history, character, and princi-
ples, ii. 520; whether author of a Commentary upon
thirteen of St. Paul's epistles, ibid.

Hilary of Poictiers, his works and testimony to the scriptures,
ii. 412, 413

Hillel and Shammai, their different opinions, i. 70
Himerius, sophist and professor of rhetoric at Athens, under
whom Basil and Gregory Nazianzen studied, iv. 349, 350
Hippolytus, (Bp of Porto) probably author of The Treatise
of the Universe, ascribed to Caius, and others, i. 489; his
history and works, 495 to 497; what sort of a Bishop he
was, and whether he was a martyr, 497, 498; wrote
against the Valentinians, Marcionites, Nicolaitans, Noë-
tians and all heretics, 495, 496; against the Noëtians, 581,
585, 586; did not receive the epistle to the Hebrews as
Paul's, 497, 502; opinions of moderns concerning his re-
maining works, 499, 500; his testimony to the scriptures,
501 to 503; though he wrote in Greek, he may be reck-
oned among Latins, iii. 330; quoted, v. 402, note a
HISTORY of the APOSTLES and EVANGELISTS, writers of
the New Testament, iii. 138 to 475

Hody's (H.) opinion concerning the Hagiographa, ii. 543,
547; quoted, iii. 75, 79, 357, 360

Hogg's (Mr.) note concerning the Ophians, iv. 657
HOLY SPIRIT, meaning of it in the Scriptures, v. 215 to 217,

395 to 431, 493, 494. A Letter upon the Personality of
the Spirit, v. 473, 474; see also the word Spirit
Homousian, different sentiments concerning that word, ii. 76
Homousians, called heretics, iii. 63, 64; they persecuted the
Arians, and others, ibid.

Honoratus, Augustine's friend, once a heathen, afterwards a
Manichee, ii. 150, 159.

Hormista of Orosius, iv. 482

Hours of the day, computed in the gospel of John, as in the
other gospels, in the Jewish manner, iii. 238; v. 482
to 484

Huber, (Z.) commended, i. 56

Huet, (P. D.) quoted, i. 403; his opinion concerning the
design of Philostratus in writing the life of Apollonius of
Tyana, iv. 263, 264

Hunt (Dr.) quoted, v. 413; his funeral sermon, 51; his life
and character, 57 to 63

Hymns to the gods, were sometimes in prose, sometimes in
iv. 23

verse,

Hymns, used in the church, afterwards laid aside, i. 628
Hypatia, her great merit, and the manner of her death, iv.
425, 426

Hypythians, said by Origen to use spurious writings, i. 559
Hyrcanus, high-priest and prince of Judea, i. 9; put to death
by Herod, 180

I

Jackson, (J.) his opinion of the time of a work of Novatian,
and of Sabellianism, examined, ii. 57 to 59; an answer to
his remarks on the fifth volume of the former edition of
this work, 131 to 135

Jamblichus, his time, and his life of Pythagoras, with re-
marks, shewing that he did not aim to oppose Pythagoras
to our Saviour, iv. 269, 270; another work of his, with
remarks, 270, 271

JAMES, ST. Son of Zebedee, the first martyr for Christ among
the apostles, beheaded by Herod Agrippa, fii. 213; said,

but without reason, to have planted the gospel in Spain,
214, note b

JAMES, (ST.) the son of Alpheus, his history from the New
Testament, whereby it appears that he was an apostle, iii.
368 to 370; his history from ancient writers, 370 to 378;
who he was, and his history from Jerom, ii. 559, 560; he
was an apostle according to Epiphanins, 419; Augustine,
587; the son of Alpheus, consequently an apostle, in the
Imperfect Work, iii. 66

Not esteemed to be an apostle by Eusebius, ii. 383;
Cyril of Jerusalem, 410; and see the Synopsis, 405; The
Constitutions, 438; but see 426, 436; Gregory Nyssen,
476; said to be one of Christ's seventy disciples in the
Synopsis of Dorotheus, 88

He presided in the church of Jerusalem after the death
of St. Stephen, iii. 369, 370, 372, 373; he presided in
the council at Jerusalem, 370; his excellent character,
370; how he was the Lord's brother, 372, 373, 379 to
381; according to the Commentary upon St. Paul's
thirteen epistles, ii. 521; according to Pelagius, 631;
Theodoret, iii. 12; Oecumenius, 84; Theophylact, 87;
why called the Less, iii. 383; called also the Just, 384;
other marks of respect for him, ibid.

His martyrdom in the temple, with the manner and
time of his death, iii. 374 to 379; thirty years after our
Lord's ascension according to Bede, 79; the account of
his death, 543; the paragraph concerning him in Josephus
not genuine, 542, 543; see i. 45

HIS EPISTLE: Its genuineness, iii. 385, 386; when
written, 386, 387; to whom, 84, 386 to 388

It seems to be referred to by Clement of Rome, i. 301;
by Hermas, 309, 310; how quoted by Origen, 538, 539,
541; whether referred to by Commodian, ii. 73; received
by the Paulicians, ibid. ; quoted by the younger Arno-
bius as written by James the apostle, 257; seems to be
referred to by Lactantius, 288; received by Athanasius,
400, 401; Cyril of Jerusalem, 400; the council of Lao-
dicea, 415; Epiphanius, 417, 418; supposed to be refer-
red to in the Constitutions, 438; received by Gregory
Nazianzen, 470; Amphilochius, 473; the Syrian churches,
488, iii. 53; Jerom, and generally in his time, ii. 559,
560; Auguftine, 579, 587; Chrysostom, 607; Sulpicius
Severus, 622; Chromatius, Bp of Aquileia, 625; Inno-
cent Bp of Rome, 628; Paulinus, 630; Pelagius, 631;
Palladius, iii. 5; Cyril of Alexandria, 9; Theodoret, 12;
Cassian, 17; Prosper, 21; Salvian 36; the Imperfect
Work, 66; Oecumenius, 84; Theophylact, 87

Not quoted by Irenæus, i. 370, 371; nor by Clement
of Alexandria, 403; nor by Tertullian, 428, 429, 430;
nor Cyprian, ii. 24; not received by all in the time of
Eusebius, 369, 373; and Jerom, 559; doubted of by
some, iii. 74; especially in the east, 59

Idacius, Bp of Emerita, prosecutor of Priscillian and his fol-
lowers, ii. 499

Idumeans, who they were, and their conversion to Ju-
daism, i. 9

Jehudah, or Judah, the holy, composer of the Mishna, his
time and character, iii. 547, 548, 551

Jeremiah the prophet, said by some not to have died, ii.91,
92; an apocryphal book, with his name, mentioned by
Jerom, 562

Jerom, his time, ii. 531, 532; his history and character, 532
to 539; his masters in Latin, in grammar, &c. 532; in
Hebrew, 533; his account of apocryphal books of the Old
Testament, 30; well acquainted with Jewish traditions,
iii. 551; his accounts of the Nazarene Christians, 484;
confutes the Manichees in his works, ii. 148; what he
says of their fasting, 160; wrote severely against heretics,
iv. 512, 522, 523; favoured by pope Damasus, and made
his secretary, ii. 464, 465; several of his works mentioned,
ibid.; quoted, v. 394. 402, and elsewhere. The time of
his stay at Rome, ii.464; how censured by Palladius, 535.

An account of his book Of Illustrious Men, 432; of some
other of his works, 534; his editions and versions of the
scriptures, and commentaries upon them, 565, 366; his
testimony to the scriptures, 539, &c. select passages, 571,
572; once an admirer of Origen, afterwards his enemy,
624; his Latin version of the scriptures quoted by Cassian,
iii. 17; and Gregory bishop of Rome, 72
Jerusalem, when taken by Pompey, iii.492; when Titus began
to besiege it, 496; when he took it, 492, 496, 523, 524;
the distresses of the city during the siege, see Famine.
The number who perished in the siege and in Judea, 525,
529, 570; the city afterwards called Ælia, ii. 119
JESUS: the true time of his nativity, i. 192, 193; said to be
found by the wise men of the East, not in a stable, but in
a house, iii. 88; the time of the duration of his ministry,
i. 200, 231, 232; ii. 40, 138, 456, 487; iii. 45, 78, 88;
the time of his crucifixion, i, 208; his age at the time of
his baptism, ii. 420; how many passovers in his ministry,
ibid.; his ministry said to continue three years and a
half, 379

He wrought no miracles in early life, and disdained
case and luxury, ii. 487, 612; Remarks upon his three
miracles of raising the dead, 487; A Vindication of these
in answer to Woolston's objections, v. 332 to 370; owing
to modesty that he said of Jairus's daughter, she sleeps, ii..
627; was a philosopher and truly religious, 365; called
the first martyr, 471; by some said to have cleansed the
temple twice, by others but once, ibid.; all his miracles
healing and beneficial, iii. 55; he said and did many things
not recorded in the gospels, ii. 627; iii. 88; his miracles
true and certain, and well attested, 578, 579; his predic
tions of the calamities coming on the Jews, 496; Proofs of
his resurrection, ii. 477; the evidence of it increased by
the scrupulousness of Thomas, 503; the ends of his mi-
nistry and death, 598, 599; he did not use force, 599;
his character by Palladius, iii. 5

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He had a human soul and body, v. 373, &c; according
to the ancient catholic Christians, 393, 394; was not an
angel, 425, 426; is the Messiah, iii. 593; why called
Christ, ii. 6:2; his great dignity as the Messiah, v. 386,
387; not reputed to be God while on earth, either by the
Jews or by his disciples, iii. 13; why called the Son of
God, 67; v. 197 to 200, 381 to 384

Apocryphal books concerning his nativity, and that he
left no written volume, ii. 563; his nativity according to
Talmudical writers, iii. 532, 533; his journey into Egypt
according to the same writers, 533, 534; his disciples ac-
cording to them, 355; and his last sufferings, 356
Jesus, or Joshua, the son of Ananus, his remarkable story,
iii. 519, 520, 522, 536

Jewish believers, their opinion concerning the person of
Christ, ii. 235, noted; see Ebionites and Nazarenes. The
faith of early Jewish believers a valuable testimony to the
truth of the Christian religion, iii. 477 to 485; their faith
a great virtue, 482

Jewish canon, by whom received. See Canon.
Jewish unbelievers, how they treated the primitive Christians,
iii. 486 to 488

Jerus had the free exercise of their religion in Judea, i. 20;
their civil state in Judea, according to the evangelists, 21
to 41; according to other ancient writers, 41 to 57; could
imprison men, 32; could inflict lesser penalties 24, 32, 33,
44; had a council, 25, 32, 44; could not legally inflict
capital punishments, 26 to 28, 37 to 41, 47; objections
against that supposition considered, 28 to 31; had a coun-
cil at Alexandria, 46, 47; decided little differences among
themselves at Sardis, 47; privileges bestowed upon them
by the Romans and others, 96, &c.; excused by the Romans
from military service, 125, 145; and from appearance in
the courts of judicature on the Sabbath and the preparation,
98; were riotous, 50, 51, 109, 210; practised polygamy,
22, 23; and divorces, 22, 23, 214; were very corrupt

and wicked, 77, 78; numerous out of Judea, 60, 61;
their twelve tribes in being at the time of our Saviour and
his apostles, 61; the registers of their families also then in
being, 147; expected the Messiah, 72 to 74, 75; re-
quired a sign, 74; why they rejected Jesus, 76, 77; their
sin in rejecting him very great, iii. 505, 588 to 591; their
enmity to the first Christians, i. 50, 51, 90, 91, 94, 108,
109. iii. 481 to 488; were numerous at Rome, i. 63, 98;
banished from Rome by Tiberius, 98; by Claudius, 135;
uneasy under the Roman government, 118; their request
to be under a Roman governor after the death of Herod,
44, 158; crucified by the Roman soldiers before the walls
of Jerusalem, iii. 515, 516, 525, 568; ript up for the sake
of treasure, 516, 567; the numbers that perished at the
siege of Jerusalem, and elsewhere, 525, 528, 570; many
compelled to fight in amphitheatres, 526, 571; required
to pay tribute to the capitol at Rome, 528, 620; the ad-
vantages which Christians have from the dispersion and
subsistence of the Jews, ii. 598, 618; their circumstances
a cogent argument for the truth of the Christian religion,
iii. 591, 592. Three Discourses on this subject from Rom.
xi. II. v. 34 to 50

Ignatius, Bp of Antioch, his time, i. 313; the smaller
epistles ascribed to him genuine, 315; according to Dr.
Jortin, who rejects the Apostolical Constitutions, iii. 97;
his testimony to the books of the New Testament, 316 to
323; how quoted by Origen, 551, 552; the time of his
martyrdom, 315. IV. 34

Imperial laws concerning Gentile people and their worship,
iv. 435 to 445

Imprisonment, the Roman method, i. 127
Improvement of time, a sermon, v. 253.
India, Christians there, iii. 55

Infants at Bethlehem, their slaughter mentioned by Christian
writers and by Macrobius a heathen author, i. 183, 184;
why not related by Josephus, 180 to 183

Innocent I. Bp of Rome, persecutes the Novatians, ii. 57;
his Catalogue of the books of the Old and New Testa-
ment, 628

Inquisitiveness in things of religion recommended, i. 612.

iv. 42

Inscription, in honour of Titus after the conquest of Judea,
iii. 533; concerning the Christians in the time of
Nero, 608

Instrument, that word sometimes used by Latin writers instead.
of Testament, iii. 140

Job, his book said to be written by Moses, ii. 103; his
dunghill visited by superstitious people in Chrysostom's -
time, ii. 619

John the Baptist, the Manichæan opinion of him, ii. 112;
the boundary of the Old and New Testament, iii. 18;
said to have been baptized by Christ, 67; how he was
revered for his austere character by Josephus and many
other Jews, iii. 536, 537; the genuineness of the para-
graph concerning him in the works of Josephus asserted, .
534 to 537

JOHN, (ST.) APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST; his history from
the New Testament, iii. 212, 213; called the Divine,
ii. 627. iii. 9, 52; by Eusebius, ii. 380; Athanasius 401;
and Cyril 410; he was younger than Peter, and survived
all the apostles, 629; was related to the Lord, and why
beloved above the other disciples, iii. 87; had three.
mothers, ibid.; when he left Judea to go to reside at
Ephesus, 219; was banished, i. 426, by Domitian into
Patmos, where he wrote the Revelation, ii. 622. iii. 76; the
time of his banishment, 220 to 225; how long he was there,
and when he returned to Ephesus, 225, 226; his age
when he was called to be an apostle, and at the time of his
death, 218, 219; he lived to the time of Trajan, ii. 533 ; -
and his age, 533, 534; what Suidas says of his great age,
608; several things said of him by ancient ecclesiastical
writers, iii. 219, 220; several stories concerning him re-

hearsed and examined, ii. 554, 555; whether he met
Ebion, or Cerinthus, at a public bath in Ephesus, i. 325;
whether he was cast into a cauldren of boiling oil, 426;
he raised a dead man to life at Ephesus, 480; said to have
delivered a creed to Gregory Thaumaturgus, 593; his
superior knowledge of the doctrine of the Trinity, 604;
why he and his brother James were surnamed by our Lord
Boanerges, iii. 213, 214; whether he followed our Lord
to the high-priest's and let in Peter, 215, 216; why our
Lord committed the care of his mother to him, 216

His great excellence, and the superiority of his gospel
above those of the other evangelists, and above Peter,
ii. 552, 583, 602. iii. 9; his gospel was not written by
way of opposition to any heretics, ii. 239 to 241; therein
the errors of Cerinthus and others confuted, 239; written
the last of the four gospels, and the occasion of writing
it, and its superior excellence, i. 365, 395. ii. 629.
iii. 86; the time and occasion of writing it according
to Victorinus, ii. 95; Theodore of Mopsuestia, ii. 529;
the occasion of writing it, 368, 369, 529, 552, 553,
602, 629, 630. iii. 52, 86; the use and importance of
it. ii. 603; the opinion of divers learned moderns con-
cerning the time when it was written, iii. 229; that it was
written at Ephesus 52; before the destruction of Jerusalem
about the year 68, 229 to 237; objections to this con-
sidered, 237 to 242; his gospel not written till after the
destruction of Jerusalem, ii. 603; before the destruction
of Jerusalem, iii. 86; about the time of it, 91; many
years after it, 90; after his being in Patmos, 79; written
the last in the New Testament, 41; before the Revelation,
43; his gospel and epistles written after his return from
Patmos, and after the death of Domitian, 79; his gospel
said to be written in Asia, 74; in Patmos, 87; at
Ephesus, according to Irenæus, i. 365; Ebedjesu, ii. 483

Testimonies of ancient writers to his gospel, iii. 226 to
228; referred to by Ignatius, i. 317; received by Justin M.
344; Athenagoras, 379; Theophilus of Antioch, 384;
called a spiritual gospel, 395; his gospel and first epistle-
universally received; his second and third epistles not so-
received in Origen's time, 532, 533, 540, his gospel the
first fruit of the gospels, 543; quoted by Novatus, ii. 60,-
61; by Dionysius of Rome, 71; by Victorinus, 95; by
Anatolius, 78; Theognostus, 82; Archelaus, 139; his
gospel and second epistle quoted by Alexander of A.
ii. 302; his gospel and first epistle universally received in
the time of Eusebius and betore, 368, 369; his gospel.
mentioned with marks of great respect, 475, 494, 495 ;
his gospel and epistles and Revelation received by Jerom,
548, 553, 554; observations upon his gospel, iii. 242 to
244; a commentary upon it by Cyril of A. iii. 8; respect-
fully quoted by Amelius, iv. 200; he computes the hours
of the day as the other evangelists, after the Jewish
manner, iii. 298, v. 482 to 484

His three epistles; their genuineness, iii. 425, 426; the
time of writing the first of them, 426 to 428; to whom
it was sent, 428, 429; observations upon the second
epistle, 429 to 131; upon the third, 431 to 436; when
they were written, 437; his first epistle referred to by
Polycarp, i. 332; and the martyrs at Lyons, 362; quoted
by Papias, 338, 340, 341; by Clement of Alexandria, 403;
by Tertullian, 429, 430; his first and second epistles
quoted by Irenæus, 370, 371; his first epistle often quoted
by Dionysius of Alexandria, and his second and third
spoken of as ascribed to him, 635; whether his second
and third epistles were received by Cyprian, 26; his first
epistle quoted by Novatus, 64, by Commodian, 73, Metho-
dius, 107, Phileas, 127, and by the Novatians, 64, by
Archelaus, 139, and by the Manichees, 216; his three
epistles received by the Paulicians, 239; the second and
third not received by all, 369, 384; his second epistle
quoted by Alexander, 302; by Lucifer of Cagliari, 450,
Optatus, 491; his third epistle, and the Revelation, quoted

in the Commentary upon thirteen of St. Paul's epistles,
52; his first epistle received by all, the other two

bt. d of, 53; his first epistle said to be written to the
thus, 587. iii. 61, 79; his three epistles received by
Innocent, ii. 628, Arethas, iii. 57, and all who had the
same canon with that now generally received; his second
and third epistles doubted of by some, 74

The Revelation published in the time, and after the
time of Domitian, ii. 97; but see iii. 450 to 452: see
Canon of the New Testament, and Catholic epistles, and the
Revelation

John the elder, i. 337, 339

John the publican at Cæsarea, his good character, i. 120
John of Gischala, how he escaped from that place, and got
to Jerusalem, iii. 510; taken prisoner, 570; and con-
demned to perpetual imprisonment, according to Josephus,
525; the account of his death in Josippon, 570; see like-
wise p. 582

John, a martyr in Dioclesian's persecution, remarkable for
bis memory, ii. 119

Jones, (J) quoted, i. 295. ii. 29, 113. iii. 598, 617; his
opinion of the epistle ascribed to Barnabas, i. 284; a re-
mark of his upon a passage in Justin M. 348; upon
St. Mark's gospel, 398; quoted and commended, iii. 183,
and elsewhere; thinks that Seleucus, in Augustine's book
of Heresies, is the same as Leucius, but is mistaken, iv.
625; is mistaken also in making Leucius a Mani-
chee, 630

Jortin, (Dr.) quoted, i. 253. iv. 30, note 1. 52, note ". 181,
509. v. 384, notes; his observations upon M. Antoninus
the philosopher, iv. 74, 78; receives the Philosophy of
Oracles as a work of Porphyry, 238

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Joseph, Husband of Mary, on what account he was obliged
by the decree of Augustus to enrol himself, i. 147; why
he went to Bethlehem to be enrolled, ibid.; a current tra-
dition that he was a widower, and had children by a
former wife, iv. 633

Joseph, a Jew, beaten for reading the gospels, i. 24
Josephus, (Flavius) the Jewish historian, his time, works,
and character, iii. 488 to 491; made governor of Galilee,
i. 46; pretended to prophecy, 154; was a firm Jew, 254,
183; his passages concerning a terrible execution at Jeru-
salem, in Herod's time, 152, 153, 190, 191; remarks
upon them, 152 to 156, 181; calls Livia, Augustus's wife,
Julia, 216; calls Caiaphas Joseph, 216; his silence no
objection against St. Matthew's history of the slaughter of
the infants, 180; shy of mentioning Christian affairs, 135;
some remarkable omissions in his history, 176 to 178;
his speech to the Jews to induce them to surrender to
Titus, 148; how he flattered Vespasian and Titus, 154,
iii. 490, 501, 547; endeavoured to save the honour of the
Roman government, and the Jewish nation, i. 118, 119;
his works not much respected by the Jews, iii. 491, 561;
his History of the Jewish war, and the siege of Jerusalem,
and the conquest of Judea, 505 to 528; the value of his
testimony, 529 to 531. iv. 10; observations upon his
writings and testimony, iii. 544 to 546. Two passages
concerning dæmoniacs, with remarks, i. 266 to 268; his
catalogue of the books of the Old Testament, ii. 545.
Three paragraphs in his works, the genuineness of which
are considered: first, concerning John the Baptist, iii.
534 to 536; second, concerning the Lord Jesus Christ,
537 to 540. iv. 1 to 9; correspondence with Dr. Chandler
on this subject, i. p. xlv, xlvi; some farther observations,
p. xlvi; third, concerning James, the Lord's brother, iii. 542
to 544; what may have been the reason of Josephus not
having mentioned any thing concerning our Saviour, 544
to 547. Josephus mentioned by Anatolius, ii. 78; by the
author of the Imperfect Work, iii. 67

Joseph Ben Gorion, or Josippon, his age, work, and character,

iii. 560, 561, 573, 574; his testimony to the Jewish war,
the siege of Jerusalem, and the destruction of the city and

temple by Titus, 562 to 572; observations upon his work,

573, 574

Jotopata, the siege of that place, and the event of it, iii.
489, 562

Jovinian, against whom Jerom wrote, ii. 534
Irenæus, bishop of Lyons, his character of Polycarp, i. 325,
320; his history, time, works, and testimony to the scrip-
tures, 363 to 377; wrote no commentary upon the Reve-
lation, 348, 371; fragments ascribed to him, 375; the
time and character of his Latin interpreter, ii. 13, 14; he
was not a martyr, i. 365. iv. 163; his account of the
Heretics, Basilidians, 535, 554; Cainites, 652; Carpo-
cratians, 558 to 560; Cerdon, 586; Cerinthus, 564;
Marcosians, 578 to 582; Marcionites, 588, &c.; Ophians,
655; Saturninus, 532; Sethians, 647, 649; he observes
that the heretics bear testimony to the scriptures, 520; in
his long and particular arguments with Valentinus and
other heretics, he does not charge them with polytheism,
519; quoted, v. 391

Isaiah, sawn asunder, ii. 92; his book rather a gospel than a
prophecy, 568; his Ascension or Anabaticon, 155, men-
tioned again by Jerom, 562

Isidore, son of Basilides, i. 438

Isidore of Pelusium, quoted, ii. 536; his time, works, and tes-
timony to the scriptures, iii. 6 to 8; his observations upon
the testimony of Josephus, 531

Isidore Bp of Seville, his time, works, and testimony to the
scriptures, iii. 73-76

Italic version, whether mentioned by Augustine, ii. 595-
See Abp of Canterbury's conjecture, 123

Ithacius, Bp of Sossuba, prosecutor of Priscillian, ii. 499 to
501; his character, 505; deposed, 508

Ittigius, (Tho.) his remark upon a passage of Justin M.
i. 348; upon Tatian's Harmony, 354; quoted and com-
mended, iii. 539

Judaize, the meaning of that word, iii. 403

Judas the traitor, present at the institution of the Lord's
supper, ii. 611; observations concerning him, 618,
iii. 6

Judas of Galilee, his principles, i. 119, 158; his time, 158
Judas, a Christian writer, his history, i. 578; author of a
Commentary upon Daniel's seventy weeks, how he was
affected with the cruelty of Severus's persecution, iv.
166, 167

Jude (St.) his history, iii. 437 to 440; called also Thaddeus
and Lebbeus, 437, 439; not certain that he was a martyr,
438; reasons for thinking that he was an husbandman
before he was called to be an apostle, 439, 440; the
genuineness of the epistle ascribed to him, 440 to 445; to
whom it was sent, 440, 445; the time of writing it, 445
to 447; not quoted by Irenæus, i. 371; quoted by Clement
of Alexandria, 403; and Tertullian, 430; how quoted by
Origen, 541; why rejected by some, 559; not cited by
Cyprian, ii. 26; cited by the anonymous author against
the Novatian heretic, 25; received by the Paulicians,
239; not universally received in the time of Eusebius, or
before, 369, 374; whether received by him, 384; quoted
by Lucifer of Cagliari, 450; rejected by some, but gene-
rally received in Jerom's time, 561; received by Innocent,
628; Isidore of Pelusium, iii. 7; Cyril of Alexandria, 9;
Cassian, 17, and others. See Catholic epistles
Judea, first brought into subjection to the Romans, by
Pompey, iii. 492; reduced to the state of a province after
the removal of Archelaus, i. 43; a branch of the province
of Syria, 44, 48, 157; had in it no Roman governor with
power of life and death, between Pilate's removal and
Herod Agrippa's accession, 49, 50; its state under Herod
the great, 147 to 149

Judgment, (Private) its rights asserted, ii. 272, 273
Judith, how quoted by Origen, i. 557; not reckoned a ca-
nonical book by Jerom, ii. 540, 541, nor Rufinus, 573
Julian, emperor, his passage concerning our Saviour's enrol-

ment by Cyrenius, i, 141; does justice to the Novatians,
ii. 54; how he treated Titus of Bostra, 146, his edict for-
bidding Christians to teach grammar, and other parts of
literature, 453, 455; a letter of his to Photinus, 444 ; _was
a persecutor, iii. 93. iv. 295; his time and character, and
behaviour towards the Christians, 311 to 321; whom he
forbade to teach rhetoric, 320, 342, 375; called the
Christians Galileans, 321; when he renounced Christianity
and embraced Hellenism, 318, 345; how he dissembled
his real sentiments for a good while, 375; his regard for
the Jewish people, and his design to rebuild the temple at
Jerusalem, v. 44. iv. 322 to 332; extracts out of his work
against the Christians, which are a testimony to the books
of the New Testament, 332 to 341; the sum of those
extracts, 341, 342, 433, 434; extracts out of his orations
and epistles, 342 to 348; vindicated from some charges,
316, 317; his character in Eutropius, 371; makes fre-
quent profession of moderation, and yet was a persecutor,
318 to 321, 342, 343, 347, 348; his character by Cave,
321, note

Juliana, friend of Symmachus, from whom Origen received
his version of the scriptures, i. 447
Julius Africanus. See Africanus
Julius Capitolinus. See Capitolinus

Julius Cassianus. See Cassianus

Junilius, an African Bp. his work, time, and testimony to
the scriptures, iii. 58, 59

Justin Martyr, his history, i. 341; his works, 342; his
account of the Jews cursing Christ in their synagogues,
94; his passages concerning Cyrenius, 140; concerning.
the slaughter of the infants, 183; concerning the Jewish
practice of divorces, 22; not author of the epistle to Zena
and Serenus, nor of that to Diognetus, nor of some other
works ascribed to him, 342, 349; the time of his apolo-
gies, and of his dialogue with Trypho, 342; the pathetic
address at the end of his first apology, iv. 42, 43; his tes
timony to the scriptures, i. 343 to 349; wrote no com-
mentary upon the Revelation, 348; did not use apocry-
phal books, ibid.; imitated Aristides in his first apology,
437; quoted and animadverted upon, v. 388, 389; he
wrote against Marcion, iv. 590. Of the Quæstiones et
Responsiones ascribed to him, i. 343

Justus, of Tiberias, what Josephus says of him, i. 40; men--
tioned again, 182; his testimony to the conquest of Judea,
by Titus, iii. 531, 532

Justus, præfect of Asia, a zealous Gentile: his history from
Eunapius, iv. 386

Juvenal, his time and works, iii. 616; his testimony to
Nero's persecution of the Christians, ibid.; and to Domi-
tian's persecution, 617

Juvencus, his work and testimony to the scriptures, ii. 407
Izates, his conversion to Judaism, i. 64; sends money to
Jerusalem in a time of famine, 134; his relations in Jeru-
salem surrender to Titus, and are received by him, iii.
523, 569

Kepler quoted, i. 165, 207

K

Keuchenius, (Pet.) quoted, i. 140, 166; quoted and com-
mended, v. 525

King (P.) quoted, v. 425

King, (Ri.) who he was, iv. 106

Kingdom of heaven taken by force, a sermon, v. 236
Kortholt, (C.) his judicious observations upon Pliny's epistle
to Trajan, iv. 20; and upon Trajan's rescript, 29,

note c

Kuster, (L.) quoted and commended, iii. 32, 33; quoted,
iv. 270

L

i. 417; how he used the Sibylline books, 455; his
character of Cyprian's writings, ii. 8; his character by
Jerom, 244, 278; his history and time, 257 to 260; his
works, 260 to 267; whether the book of the deaths of
persecutors be his, 264 to 266. iv. 298, 299; select pas-
sages from him, ii. 267 to 275; errors ascribed to him, 275;
whether he held Manichæan principles, 275 to 277; what
pope Damasus said of his epistles, 260, 261; his character,
278 to 280; his testimony to the scriptures, 280 to 292;
what he says of the lawyer Ulpian, iv. 179; accounts of
two writers against the Christians, at the beginning of
Dioclesian's persecution, one anonymous, the other Hiero-
cles, 252 to 255; takes notice of the cruelties of Diocle-
sian's persecution, 282; mentioned v. 402
Laertius, (Diogenes) his time and work, iv. 171; the inscrip-
tion on the altar to the Unknown God, in Acts xvii. 23,
illustrated by a paragraph in his work, 171 to 176;
whether he refers to the Christian eucharist, 176
Lampe, (F. A.) quoted, iii, 216, 219, 220, 226, 229, 237,
239, 380, and elsewhere

Elius Lampridius says that Adrian intended to build temples
to Christ, which story is examined, iii. 54 to 56; sup-
posed to refer to M. Antoninus's deliverance in Germany,
102; his passages relating to Alexander Severus as favour-
able to the Christians, 177 to 179; what he says of
Heliogabalus's design to unite the Christian with other re-
ligions, 251

Laodicea, the church there planted by St. Paul, iii. 362, &c.
Laodicea, (The council of) their catalogue of the books of
the Old and New Testament, with remarks, ii. 414 to 416
Laodiceans, an epistle to them, whether used by the Mani-
chees, ii. 216; rejected by all, according to Jerom, 556;
an epistle supposed to be sent to them, but was rather from
them, iii. 11, 85, 87

Lardner, (Mr. Rich.) father to the author of this work, his
character, i. p. xliii

La Roche, (Michael) his Memoirs of literature quoted,

ii. 94

Latin translation of the Old Testament, read in Christian
churches in the first ages, made from the Greek of the
Seventy, ii. 594; of Jerom's translations, see ii. 594, 595,
and his works under his name in this Index. The Latin
translation of the New Testament said to have been in
great disorder in Jerom's time, 569, 570, and see 595
Latronian, a Priscillianist, put to death at Treves, with Pris-
cillian, ii. 497

Launoy, (J) his dissertation concerning Victorinus of Pettaw,
ii. 89

Lawyers, who they were, i. 69, 70

Learning not discouraged by the Christian religion, this
appears from the catechetical school at Alexandria, in the
early days of Christianity, i. 390; in which presided Pan-
tænus, Clement, Origen, and others of great fame for
learning the library at Jerusalem, erected by Alexander,
Bp of that city, 493, 494; and the library of Cæsarea,
erected and furnished by Pamphilus, ii. 116, 117, 120;
from the method of Origen in educating young men under
his care, i. 591, 592, and from the many learned Chris-
tians in every age.

Lenfant, his argument concerning the inscription of the
epistle to the Ephesians, ii. 466, 467; quoted v. 378, note.
381, note

Leo, Bp of Rome, how he treated the Manichees, ii. 161;
his account of the opinions of the Priscillianists, 512 to
5.14; his charges against them considered, 516; likewise
against the Manichees, 241, 242; his want of candour
towards such as were called heretics, 512; his time and
testimony to the scriptures, iii. 34 to 36

Leonides, Origen's father, divers particulars concerning his
family, and suffering martyrdom in the persecution of
Severus, i. 519, 520, 589. iv. 166

Lactantius, his character of Tertullian's style and apology, Leontius, Bp of the Novatians at Rome, ii. 55

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