BUR

363; first impressions of French
Revolution, 453; reply to Fox,
456; motives attributed, 459;
growing influence, 461; Reflec-
tions on French Revolution,' 462;
arguments of the work, 463 sqq.;
prediction of course of movement,
472; its final issue, 474; esti-
mate of effects of spoliation of
Church property, 475; incompati-
bility of pure democracy with
security of property, 479; French
socialism, 480; French propagand-
ism, 487; reception and influence
of the Reflections,' ib.; replies.
489, 496; desires European inter-
vention, 499; English Constitution
not suitable for France, 500; con-
flict with Fox on Quebec Bill, 501
sq.; speech on rights of man, 503;
breach with Fox complete, 505;
isolation of Burke, 507; juries'
right in libel cases, 508; Appeal
from New to Old Whigs,' 508 sqq.;
theory of Constitution, 509; inter-
view with Lord Stormont, 510;
Camden sanctions Burke's Whig-
gism, 513; Burke's sympathy with
French emigrants, 514; if trium-
phant, Revolution must be cosmo-
politan, 516; government separated
from property, 519; righteousness
of an anti-revolutionary war, 520;
general estimate of his policy on
the Revolution, 521; three condi-
tions of intervention, 522; effects
of question on his health, 524;
diffidence about political prophecy,
525; public opinion turns towards
him, 526; compliment of Sir J.
Reynolds, ib.; Church in danger,'
527; opposed Pitt's Irish commer-
cial propositions, vi. 40; eulogised
Dublin Whig Club, 459; influence
in favour of Catholics, 479; letter
to Langrishe, 480; on Irish parties,
481; little influence of Catholic
clergy, ib.; thought Union would
not be for mutual advantage of two
kingdoms, 512; on the Coalition
dispute, vii. 45; Irish clique
(1795), 84; education of Catholic
clergy, 118, 120; letters on May-
nooth, 129; fear of Catholic dis-
affection, 132; suggests Grattan as
best guide for Irish Catholics, 133;
death, 398; Canning's eulogy, 399;
Burke desired formal diplomatic
connection of England with Vatican,
431

CAL

Burke, Richard: adviser of Catholic
Committee, vi. 482; character,
483; Westmorland's opinion of
him, 492, 493, 495; opinion of the
grand jury opposition to Catholics,
507; suceeeded by Wolfe Tone,
540; death, vii. 45; his library
presented to Carlow College by his
father, 131

Burke, William (1763), iii. 292
Burnet, Bishop: upheld claim of Wil-
liam III.. i. 68; character, 87 8qq.;
death, 226

Burney, Miss, v. 524, 527, vi. 167
Bushe, Charles Kendal: with Grattan,
against Union, vii. 445

Bushe, Gervase: proposed Irish Mu-
tiny Bill, iv. 551

Bussiére first public lecture on
anatomy in England, i. 622
Bute, Earl of: relations with George
III.'s mother, iii. 13, 53; influence
with that king, 27; made Secretary
of State, 30; succeeds Newcastle as
Prime Minister, 44; unpopularity,
53; increased by his nationality,
54; character, 59 sq.; generally dis-
trusted, 60; intimidation and cor-
ruption, 61; literary patronage, 63;
resignation, 67; shameful history
of his ministry, 68; wholly removed
from politics, 137

Butler, Bishop, i. 504

Butler, Colonel John: tragedy of
Wyoming, iv. 100

Butler, Mr., iv. 361

Butler, Simon, chairman of United
Irishmen, vi. 540, 597, 608, vii. 9
Buxar, battle of, iii. 516

Bylandt, Admiral (Dutch), iv. 173
Byng, Admiral: defeat of Spaniards

off Cape Passaro, i. 261; failure to
relieve Minorca, ii. 493: court mar-
tial, 501; defenders and opponents,
502; execution, 503

Byrne, Garret, leader of Wicklow
rebels, viii. 149; banished, 187
Byrom's epigram on Handel-Bonon-
cini rivalry, i. 577
Byron, Admiral, iv. 99

C

Cabinets: consisted of few members,
iv. 239; the Prime Minister,' v.
18; diminution of royal power over
ministerial policy, 20 sq.

Cadiz, bombardment of, vii. 386
Calas, judicial murder of, v. 343

CAL

Calcutta captured by Clive, ii. 541
Caldwell, Sir J.; report of debates of
Irish Parliament, iv. 352 n., 389;
account of Lord Townshend, 402;
anti-Catholic, 509

Calendar: New Style' introduced, i.
289 sq.

Calicoes, coloured, i. 567
Callimanco work, vi. 170
Calonne, M. de, v. 400, 561
Calvinistic Methodists, ii, 625, 650,
659

Camden. (first) Lord; his career, iii.

171, 172 sq., 250, 367, 379, 550, iv.
223, 233, 406, v. 34, 513
Camden, (second) Lord. See Ireland
-Viceroy Camden
Campbell, General, surrender of Pen-
sacola, iv. 184

Campo Formio, Peace of, vii. 387
Canada: expedition for conquest of,
i. 115; disputed boundary, 464;
presence of French helped to pre-
serve British empire in America, ii.
12; English conquest, 538; ultimate
consequence, the revolt of America,
539, iii. 291, sq.; Quebec Act, 433;
position of Catholics, 434; loyal to
England (1775), 473; invaded by
Americans, ib.; abortive attempt to
enlist Frenchmen for American
rebel army, iv. 55; proposed com-
bined French and American inva-
sion (1778), 109; Franklin proposes
cession to America, 244; frontiers
defined (1782), 274, 276; represent-
ative government established (1791),
v. 195; question of Upper Cham-
ber debated, 196 sqq.; result of di-
vision of French and English Cana-
da, 200

Canals, English, Irish, and Scotch, vi.
213 sq.

Canning, George: confidant of Pitt,

vii. 388; recommended him to drop
Union measure for a time, viii. 502;
resignation, with Pitt, 514; on Pitt's
desire for Catholic emancipation,
537

'Canters' (Ireland), iv. 355

Cape Breton, Isle of, captured, i. 459
Cape of Good Hope: unsuccessful

English expedition against, iv. 182
Cape Passaro, battle of, i. 261
Cape St. Vincent, battle of, vii. 386
'Captain Stout' (term used by De-
fenders), vii. 147
'Capuchin cloaks,' i. 324

Cardonnel, Marlborough's secretary, i.
131

CAS

Carhampton, Lord (Luttrell), iv. 356
n., 360, vii. 172, 335, 425
Carleton, General, Governor of Cana-
da, iii. 451, 473; iv. 219
Carlisle captured by Young Preten-
der, i. 457

Carlisle, Lord (Viceroy, 1780): previ-

ous career, iv. 84, 289, 303, 560;
first impressions of Ireland, 561;
difficulty with Portugal about
woollens, 562; fears of invasion,
563; active loyalty of Volunteers,
564; session of 1781, 567 899.;
loyalty of Parliament, 569; Carlisle
favours repeal of Poyning's Law,
571; powers of Irish Privy Council,
ib.; Gardiner's Catholic Bill, 572;
Dungannon meeting, 575; Grattan's
address for independence, 578; Car-
lisle's secret correspondence with
Hillsborough, 579; character of ad-
ministration, 586; abrupt recall,
588; Lord-Lieut. of E. R. York-
shire, ib.

Carlos, Don (son of Philip V.), i. 259,
378, 384

Carlow College, vii. 126
Carmarthen, Lord, iv. 319, v. 34
Carnwath, Earl of, i. 232

Carolan, last of Irish bards, ii. 345
Carolinas, the, iv. 127, 131 sqq., 212,8qq.
Caroline, Queen (George 11.) i. 390,
395, 413, 503, 504, 563, 623
Carrick, Earl of, iv. 493
Carrickfergus: surprised by Thurot,
ii. 476

Carteret (Lord Granville): career and
character, i. 406 sqq.; hostility to
the Pelhams, 432 sq.; brought
about Peace of Breslau, 439; un-
popularity, 445; intellect clouded
by drink, 518

Castlebar, English defeat at, viii. 212
Castlereagh, Lord (Robert Stewart):

early career and opinions, vii. 443,
viii. 51, 117, 142, 244, 269; acted
as Chief Secretary during Pelham's
illness, viii. 117; first impressions
regarding Union, 289; first Irish-
man made Chief Secretary. 311;
speeches in favour of Union, 375,
449; reply to Foster on financial
side of Union, 475; bribery to main-
tain majority, 476; defends slow
progress of the Union, 478; his
mission to England (1799), 505;
explains Pitt's change of policy
towards Catholics, 519; refuses to
serve under anti-Catholic ministry,
520

CAS

Castrati, Italian singers in England,
i. 576
Castration: punishment proposed
against priests and friars, i. 321;
employed in Sweden, 322
Catalans, i. 136

Cathedral libraries founded in Ireland,
ii. 357

Catherine II. (Russia); sympathies

with England, iv. 167; declaration
on neutral commerce, 168; career
and character, v. 210; administra-
tion, and extension of territory, 211;
desire of destroying Turkish Em-
pire, 212; partition of Poland, 217;
desire of establishing Greek Em-
pire, 219, 224, 274; war with Tur-
key, 222; results, 224; war with
Sweden, 226; action of Triple Al-
liance, 230; resentment, 231; their
mediation rejected, 232; renewal of
Swedish war, 270: peace of Warela,
271; proposals of peace with Tur-
key, 274; question of Oczakow, 275
sqq.; indignant at Allies' demand,
280; massacre of Ismail, 284; de-
signs against India. 285; enthu-
siasm for Fox, 295: Peace of Jassy,
297; death of Potemkin, ib.;
negotiations with Poles, 542; fa-
vours intervention in France, 548;
urges Austria and Prussia to war
against France, 568: motives, 569;
designs against Poland, 597; in-
vades that country, vi. 84; intrigues
with Prussia, 87

Catholic Association (Ireland), iv. 490
8q., 507

Catholic Committee; action in 1790,
vi. 472; secession of Lord Kenmare
and party, 473; under influence of
democratic party, 476; engages
Richard Burke as paid adviser, 482;
declaration of belief and address,
504; summons a Convention, 505;
action of grand juries, 506; compo-
sition and objects of Convention,
526; Wolfe Tone secretary of Com-
mittee, 540; Convention meets,
544; petitions King, 545; declines
to receive deputation of United
Irishmen, 548; Keogh's moder-
ating influence, 550; dissolves
itself, 597; votes rewards for ser-
vices rendered, ib.; agitation for
total repeal of restrictive laws, vii.
52; action on Fitzwilliam's recall,
94; resolution against Union, 95;
many members in sympathy with
Wolfe Tone, 97; suspected commu-

CAT

nication with France, 100; adopts
principle of total separation from
England, 202; discourages enlist-
ment in yeomanry, 215, 283
Catholic Confederates for Peace (1645),
iv. 529

Catholicism: ill adapted for nations
desirous of political freedom, ii.
417; state on the Continent, iv.
504; unbelief among Catholic clergy,
505, v. 308
Catholics, English: penal laws, i. 2, 290
8qq; Whig and Tory policy towards,
5; Walpole's conciliatory policy,
359; English readiness to believe
calumnies against, ii. 165; persecu-
tions from motives of revenge &c.,
iii. 549; imprisonment of priests,
549, 550 n.; precarious position,
550; Relief Bill of 1778; anti-
Catholic riots in Scotland, 552;
Gordon riots, 553 sqq.; measures
mitigating penal laws, iv.512; Catho-
lic repudiation of the dispensing
power and infallibility of Pope, v.
185 sq.; Relief Bill (1791) ib.; oath
of allegiance, 187; changed estimate
of Catholicism, 189

Catholics, Irish; the penal code, i.
301 sqq; treatment under Eliza-
beth, ii. 104; soldiers in English
service then, 108; bishops executed,
129; all priests banished, ib.; in-
crease of zeal, 131; religious houses
confiscated, 133; gentry put to tor-
ture, 172; treatment of beggar
children, 276; ratio to Protestants
(1730), 278; in Continental armies,
286 sq.; systematic degradation,
289; condition under Anne: priest-
hunting, 291 sqq.; itinerant friars,
292; condition of Catholics in
early Hanoverian period, 296; im-
prisonment of priests and school-
masters, 296; attack on worshippers
at St. Kevin's shrine, 298; Domini-
cans in Ireland, 300; statistics of
chapels and clergy (1782), 302;
gradual relaxation of religious dis-
abilities, 303; internal condition of
Irish Catholic Church in 1751, 304;
pernicious effects of penal laws, 306
sqq.; tolerant spirit of some higher
Protestant clergy, 336; decline of
persecutions, 338; bishops nomi-
nated by Pretender, 430; Catholics
excluded from British army, 431;
consequently driven to foreign ser-
vice, 432; improved position of
Catholics, 476; recruited for English

CAT

army, iii. 495; limited leases, iv.
343; gentlemen charged with abet-
ting Whiteboys, 361; ecclesiastical
denunciation of Whiteboys, 365 8q, ;
desertion of chapels, 367; loyalty
during American war, 394; examples
of loyalty (1775), 472; general con-
dition (1760-81), 488 sqq.; their
religion looked upon as an evil,
488; penal laws directed rather
against property than creed, 489;
efforts of Catholic Association, 490;
gradual admission into army, 492;
lack of sympathy for Americans,
495; bills to enable Catholics to in-
vest money in mortgages, 497; and
to hold land for reclamation, ib.;
attitude of Government towards
them, 498, 512; advowsons, 499;
oath and declaration, 1774, 500;
statement of grievances, 502; de-
moralising effect of penal laws, 503;
French education, 504; decadence
of religious feeling, 505; long period
of loyalty, 506; declaration of prin-
ciples, 507; sentiments of Irish
leaders, 509; growth of Irish toler-
ance, 511; nature of influences fa-
voring Catholics, 511 sqq.; alleged
Roman plot for Irish independence,
514; Gardiner's Relief Bill (1778),
516, 572; purchases of freehold
not allowed, 516; liberal subscribers
towards Volunteers, 524,
money offers to Government, 566;
Hutchinson's scheme of education
(1782), 574; political union with
Protestants, 577; some penal laws
abolished, 601; intermarriage with
Protestants still illegal, 602; pro-
posed grant of franchise, vi.

535;

337, 364; overtures from Presbyte-
rians, 337; enlisted among Volun-
teers, 360; movements in 1783-84,
367; drawn into political agitation,
368; Government spies: Father
O'Leary, 369; education,451; growth
of democratic element in Catholic
Committee, 472, 476; secession of
Lord Kenmare and leading gentry,
473;growing importance ofCatholics,
ib.; position still anomalous and hu-
miliating.474; complete abolition of
penal laws demanded, 476; influence
of Burke, 479 sqq.; Richard Burke
paid adviser of Catholic Committee,
482; Relief Bill proposed by Dun-
das, 486; Langrishe's Bill, 503;
declaration and address of Catholic
Committee, 504; Catholic Conven-

CAV

tion summoned, 505; Catholics
among United Irishmen, 538; ap-
proximation of Catholics and Pres-
byterians, 540; disaffection still
rare, 542; Convention petitions
King, 545; Relief Bill determined
on, 556; King receives Catholic
deputation, 559; term 'Catholic'
first applied from Throne, 561; com-
plete Emancipation refused, 575;
Parsons's limited franchise, 583;
Relief Bill carried, 588; gratitude
of Catholics, 596; dissolution of
Convention, 597; immediate effect
of Relief Bill, 602; diminished in-
fluence of both clergy and gentry,
vii. 5; liberal Protestant action (ex-
cept in Dublin), 11, 69; petitions for
complete emancipation, 68; English
Government alone the cause of its
not being granted in 1795, 70;
Grattan's Relief Bill, 80; sympa-
thisers with French Revolution, 97;
Grattan's Bill defeated, 115; pro-
posed foundation of Maynooth Col-
lege, 117; question of home educa-
tion of clergy, 118 sqq.; character
of priests, 122; system of Church
administration, 124; diminished in-
fluence of clergy, 125; establishment
of Maynooth, 126; protest against
regulation of its studies by trustees
and exclusion of Protestants, 128;
opinion of Burke, 129; contempt for
clergy manifested, 143; spread of
Defenderism, 146 sqq.; persecutions
by Orangemen, 181; refugees in
Connaught, 188; sedition fomented
by Orange outrages, 193; spirit of
revenge, 194; Catholics tranquil
except in Ulster, 219; Ulster
Catholics most anti-English, 223;
Southern Catholics sympathise with
English against French invasion,
266; growth of disloyalty, 217 sqq.,
296 sqq.; motives agitating masses,
364; emancipation, reform, tithes,
345; rent, 366; feeling of separate
nationality, 367; rumors of an im-
pending massacre, 368; the pre-
tended Orange oath, 369, 373;
counter charge of Protestants, ib.;
spoliation of chapels, 463; priests
taking part in Rebellion, viii. 82, 97,
103, 136, 175; Emancipation post-
poned, 509 sqq.

Caulfield, Bishop (Wexford), viii. 93,
160, 169

Cavan, Lord, vii. 281, 318

Cavendish, Lord John, Chancellor of

CAV

Exchequer, iv. 223, 303; supporter
of Fox, 233

Cavendish, Sir Henry, vi. 524
Carysfort, Lord: on effect of Irish
Volunteer Convention on Conti-
nental opinion, vi. 370

Celtic element: influence in later Irish
history exaggerated, ii. 416 sq.
Censorship on plays, vi. 157
Chamberlain, Judge, vii. 351, 353, viii.

25

Chambers, Ephraim, author of an
Encyclopædia,' v. 304

Chambers, Sir W. (architect), vi. 163
Chancellorship of Exchequer, Ireland:
history, vi. 373

Charity schools, ii. 594

Charlemont, Earl of: Governor of Ar-
magh (1763), iv. 375; on legislation
for Catholics, 493, 500 n., 510; Volun-
teer movement, 523; commands the
Volunteers, 564; Dungannon meet-
ing, 576; refuses office, 589; rela-
tions with Flood, vi. 311, 332; made
Privy Councillor, 327; early career,
330; political character, 331; sepa-
rates from Grattan, 332; secures
election of moderate delegates to
Convention at Dublin, 338; elected
its chairman, 342; opposed to
Catholic franchise, 349; original
member of Whig Club, 458; on
danger of associating Catholic ques-
tion with reform, 522; predicts that
Catholic enfranchisement would
lead to separation or Union, 523;
warmly supported yeomanry, vii.
213; death, viii. 429

Charles I. (England): transfigured in
Tory legend, i. 70; compared to
Christ, 70 sqq.; alleged miraculous
cures by his relics, 75; religious
policy towards Ireland, ii. 132
Charles II. (England): exercise of

royal touch,' i. 76; Declaration
(1660) regarding Ireland, ii. 191;
varying feelings towards Irish, 195
Charles II. (Spain): bequeaths do-
minions to Duke of Anjou, i. 27
Charles VI., Emperor, i, 111, 116,
377, 381 sq., 419

Charles VII., Emperor. See Bavaria,
Elector of.

Charles XII. (Sweden), i. 255 sq., 261
Charles, Archduke (Austria), i. 27, 107
Charles, Prince. See Pretender, Young
Charles of Lorraine, Prince, i. 451,
453, ii. 534
Charlestown, burnt by General Howe,
iii. 463; Charleston, fortified and

CHA

defended by Lee, iv. 13; capitula-
tion to English, 130
Charlotte, Queen, v. 138
Charter schocls, Ireland: object and
methods, ii. 218 sq.; helped by
George II. from privy purse, 219;
paucity of pupils, 220; Howard's
exposure of their abuses, 222; ill-
treatment of children, 222; hated
by Irish peasants, 223; subsidised,
iv. 411
Chateaubriand: on English parlia-
mentary oratory, v. 9; description
of Pitt, 17 n.

Chatelet (French court of law), v. 407
Chatelet, Mme. du, v. 302

Chatham, Lord; one of the Boy Pa-
triots, i. 410; denounces the sub-
ordination of English to Hanoverian
interests, 442; Paymaster of Forces,
462; seeks to develop African slave-
trade, 547; formed Highland regi-
ments, ii. 75; intrigues with Henry
Fox, 481; contempt for New-
castle, 484; denounces George II.'s
German treaties, 488; opposes
bringing Hanoverian troops into
England, 492; in Ministry with De-
vonshire, 498; obnoxious to George
II., 499, 507; dismissed from office,
503; coalesces with Newcastle, ib.;
his patriotism, 504; absolute over
military and naval affairs, 507;
character of his eloquence, 508 sqq.;
influence over the House, 512; dis-
interestedness, 515; a great popular
leader, 516; independence, 517;
retrospect of his career, ib.; at-
tack on Carteret, 518; alliance with
Pelhams, 520; inconsistencies, 520
sqq.; ingratitude to Newcastle, 523;
arrogance, 525; histrionic turn, ib.;
attitude to royalty, 526; ostenta-
tion of his virtues, 527; greatness
as War Minister, 528; conduct
towards Cumberland, 531; condi-
tional offer of cession of Gibraltar
to Spain, 532; energetic action, ib. ;
repudiates Convention of Closters-
even, 535; attacks on French coast,
ib.; conquest of Canada, 538;
naval management, 540; indiffer-
ence to finance, 550; criticism of
his war policy, 555 sqq.; prosperity
of England during his administra-
tion, 556; love of war, 557; bloodless-
ness of his victories, ib.: power to
raise the spirit of the nation, 559;
home policy, ib.; tries to destroy
party government, 561, iii. 21, 110;