General of Volunteers, and in March, 1862, he became Military Governor of the District of Columbia. In the following November his name was placed before the people of New York as the Union candidate for Governor, an office to which he did not himself aspire, but for which he possessed the highest qualifications. In December, 1862, he was assigned to the command of a Division of the Army of the Potomac, and immediately took rank among the ablest generals of that veteran army. We saw him at Acquia Creek, immediately after the battle of Chancellorville, and shall never forget the deep and touching earnestness. with which he deplored that great disaster to our arms. He fell in the fierce battle of May 13th, 1864, heroically leading his division against one of the strongest positions of the enemy. Prof. Charles H. Cleaveland. the country, with a view to determine improved methods of treatment, he removed to Cincinnati, in answer to a call from one of the most flourishing medical colleges of that city. His thorough acquaintance with the natural sciences made him master of his department-that of Materia Medica and Therapeutics-and for years he lectured, with remarkable success, to large classes of students, at the same time attending to a large practice, editing and publishing, with marked ability and success, the Journal of Rational Medicine, and giving to the public many valuable monographs on medical subjects, a Pron uncing Medical Lexicon, and two or three other works of some magnitude. But surgery was his favorite branch of medical science, and when the war broke out, he gave himself, at the earliest practicable moment, to his country, and was immediately deputed, by Gen. Sherman, who had a high appreciation of his abilities, to create, at Memphis, an Officers' Hospital. After organizing and presiding over that institution for a time, he was authorized to establish and superintend a hospital for the special treatment of cases of gangrene. In this new position, by his indomitable energy and scientific skill, as well as by heroic sacrifices for the comfort and restoration of the soldiers placed in his charge, he won great distinction, and was more than once highly complimented in letters and orders It is natural, in the present condition of society, and especially in a time like this, when traitor hands are clutching for the life of the nation, that dazzling feats of arms should eclipse, for a time, the equally important but less demonstrative achievements of even braver and nobler men in other departments of the public service. It is with a view to contribute somewhat to a correc-issued by the Surgeon General of the United tion of this error of the popular enthusiasm that we devote a few paragraphs to a sketch of the life and services of the learned scientist and noble patriot whose name stands at the head of this memoir. Prof. Charles H. Cleaveland, A. M., M. D., late Surgeon in charge of Officers' Hospital and Gangrene Hospital, at Memphis, Tennessee, was born at Lebanon, New Hampshire, and educated at Dartmouth College, from which he graduated with high honors, in both the literary and medical departments. For several years he practiced the profession of his choice with eminent credit; and finally, after devoting some years to the investigation of mental diseases, and visiting nearly all the insane hospitals of States; while his record of cases, and of investigations and experiments made under his direction, copstitute invaluable contributions to medical science, and entitle him to the grateful and lasting remembrance of the faculty whose profession he so much adorned. With a constitution somewhat impaired by years of the most extraordinary and unremitting labors, he was unable longer to bear the severe trial of his vital powers necessarily involved in the discharge of his arduous and hazardous duties, and on the 1st day of December last, after a very brief illness, he passed from the scene of his labors to his heavenly reward. In many respects Dr. Cleaveland was a re markable man. Vigor and keenness of intellect, enthusiasm, determination of spirit, persistency, and great executive ability, were prominent characteristics; but his crowning glory was a nobleness and loftiness of purpose to use all his powers for the largest good of his fellow men. He felt before his last fatal illness that his life was in serious jeopardy, but no entreaties of friends could induce him to regard his own safety when there was a soldier of the Union to plead for his help. And so at the early age of 45, in the prime of his manhood, and in the fullness of hope, the patriot and hero has fallen. In his death a most estimable wife has lost a devoted and noble husband, the cause of science an able and worthy promoter, the soldier a self-sacrificing friend, and his country a true patriot. Living, we loved and honored him; dead, we shall ever revere and sacredly cherish his memory. THE HOME. HEALTH AND DISEASE. [From the Herald of Health.] tical instruction from your mother to help you. A little patience and perseverance will soon crown your efforts in this direction with complete success, and you will then be amply rewarded. To return to our pie making. Take equal parts of Graham flour, fine flour, and corn meal; or you can, if you prefer, use all canaille, or all white flour; wet it with nice, rather thin sweet cream, making it slightly stiffer than ordinary pie-crust; roll very thin, and you have a crust which, when baked, is so light and flaky, that I have heard many persons say they did not think they could ever again relish the pie-crust in common use, this is so much sweeter and more delicate. For the inside of your pies, any kind of fruit ordinarily used in piemaking is at your command; and, leaving out all spices, and with no seasoning but sugar, you will be enabled, after a few experiments, to produce pies sufficiently palatable for any one. Then there is a wide range of puddings from which to choose, any and all of which can be made both wholesome and excellent, with no ingredients aside from the material itself, excepting milk, sugar, and raisins.* As to cakes, the variety is but limited, as being deleterious things at best. But few Now for the pies. Quoting from the ar- experiments have been tried in this directicle she was criticising, "Pies are another tion. A few kinds, however, are admirable. American abomination," our "Farmer's Sponge cake, made of 2 eggs, 1 cup of white Wife" says, "Well, strike them from the sugar, cap of sweet cream, and flour suffilist. What an awful chasm in the cook's cient to make a thin batter, is very nice, and resources!" My dear, good woman, pray comparatively wholesome. Jelly cake, made do not jump at conclusions too hastily. Be- of 3 eggs, 1 cup of white sugar, and flour cause pies, as usually made, with their sufficient to make a batter not quite as stiff greasy, lard crusts, their spices, &c., are as common "Jelly" Cake, and baked, and one of the greatest "abominations" of mod- spread with currant, apple, or any other ern cookery, that does not signify that pies kind of jelly, in the same way as Jelly Cake may not be made very nearly as wholesome is usually baked, is quite as nice as that as bread, and at the same time be really de- where soda, saleratus, and all otheer “fixlicious. How, do you ask? That is pre-ins" are, used. Molasses Cake, made of 1 cisely what I was going to tell you; and cup of molasses, 1 cup of thick, sour cream, here let me whisper a word in your ear. Do 1 tea-spoonful of soda, and flour sufficient to not be discouraged, nor condemn hygiene's make a rather stiff batter; or Sugar Cake, cookery, if you do not succeed in your first efforts at pie or bread making. Remember, you made many failures in your first attempts at ordinary cookery, even with prac *To give full directions for all of these is impossible within the limits of a magazine article; but if our Farmer's Wife" desires to learn more fully, I would say, a little cook-book, soon to be issued by R. T. Trall & Co., No. 15 Laight street, New York, will furnish her with all requisite information. made of 1 cup of sugar, 2 eggs, cup of buttermilk, teaspoonful of soda, cup of English currants, and flour enough to make it about like common Cup Cake batter, are not so very objectionable, compared to the cake in common use. But still, in bygiene's cookery, mushes, puddings, &c., should be used mainly in place of cake. Rice, Indian, and many other kinds of pudding, baked in the forenoon, and served up cold for supper, are nice; cracked wheat is a dish which is almost universally relished, wherever it has been introduced; while boiled rice, corn starch, farina, hominy, &c., are all excellent, and form, for su per or breakfast, very passable substitutes for (ake. But FRUIT is the essential requisite of a hygiene's table; and all efforts at dietetic reform which ignore this fact will be, almost without exception, failures. And until our farmers turn their attention more to fruitraising, which they can easily do, if they choose-until they come to consider a fruitgarden a necessity instead of a luxury-reform in this matter will be, for their wives, an up-hill business. I am aware that at the West, owing to the comparative newness of the country, the larger fruits, such as apples, pears, &c., are difficult to procure in abundance; but many of the smaller fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, &c., can be easily cultivated, in sufficient quantities for an ample supply during the entire year, if preserved, as they may readily be, by canning and drying. I have a friend, living upon the prairies of Illinois, who, last season, raised seventy-five bushels of strawberries, and with very little labor, save that bestowed upon the first planting. As far as the canning of fruit is concerned, if a farmer is able to hire from "six to sixteen" hands to help him, he can afford at least two girls to assist his wife, (and if he will not do it, he doesn't deserve to have a wif,) and with that assistance any woman of ordinary capacity and strength can put up an ample supply for the year. A farmer's wife of my acquaintance, nearly sixty years of age, with a family of six to do for, and with only a little girl of eleven years for help, last year, during the blackberry sea son, put up two hundred quarts of blackberries, and said she could easily have put up a thousand, if she could have procured the cans in time. Canning fruit, to those who have never tried it, seems like a great undertaking; but there is a method by which it may be done, which is easy, simple, cheap, and perfect'y safe. Out of hundreds of cans which we had put up in this manner last year, not one has been lost, and we have them now, in June, as perfect as at the hour they were canned. The following is the method employed, and, as far as our experience goes, it is preferable to all others. No corks are used; the cloths will answer a second year; and, as soon as the bottles are cold, a glance suffices to tell whether they are air tight or not. Take common wide mouthed glass bottles or jars; those with a rim around the neck are preferable; or, in a large family, glazed stone jugs, holding from one to two galions, may be used. Procure thick cotton flannel, cut it into squares sufficiently large to cover the top and neck of the jar or jug; dip these pieces into heated grafting wax, made by melting together one pound of rosin, two ounces of beeswax, and one and a half ounces of tallow. After being kept hot a little time, this will harden slightly; a little more tallow should then be added. Several pieces may be put in at one time, and should be allowed to remain in until they are perfectly saturated with the wax, taking them out one by one, as wanted, about the time you begin to fill a jar with fruit, thus allowing them to cool a little. They can thus be handled with greater ease, and there is no danger of the wax running through them into the fruit. To prepare the fruit, put it into a preserving kettle of some kind—a porcelain one is best-sweeten it with just sugar enough to fit it for the table; about one pound of sugar to six pounds of raspberries, blackberries, &c., is sufficient, while strawberries require one pound of sugar to four of berries. Add a small quantity of water, and cook the all of which may be found in a sentence no longer than this. No. 3.-I am composed of eight letters, each of which stands, and in the order of my making up, in the name of some important city of the Union. My whole is that for which every loyal heart in the nation waits. EDITORIAL MISCELLANY. Ho, for the Fair! fruit slightly less than if it were to be used immediately upon the table. Heat the bottles, to prevent breaking; this may be done My whole is that which has been more by placing them underneath the stove, or talked of since the war than anything except else by putting them into a kettle of cold | the war. water, and gradually heating it. Pour the hot fruit into the hot bottle, filling it full; wipe the top and outside of the neck of the bottle perfectly dry; have ready a piece of white paper, cut so that it will just fit the inside of the mouth of the bottle, and lay it on the top of the fruit. Now you are prepared for the sealing process. Your pieces of cotton flannel being all ready, having been previously saturated with the wax, and allowed to cool a couple of minutes, place one of them over the mouth of the bottle, drawing it as tightly as possible, and then wind a piece of stout twine round and round, binding the edges of the cloth firmly against the neck of the bottle. Then, with a spoon, dip on a little of the hot wax, spreading it evenly over the top of the cloth, and over this place a paper large enough to cover the top and neck of the bottle, smoothing it as closely as possible, and your jar is sealed. As soon as the bottles cool, a glance will determine whether they are air tight or not, as if so, there will be a slight depression of the cover. The least hole "will prevent this concavity, and indicate many will be deterred from making any exat once the necessity of repeating the seal-hibition at all, because they fear their proing process." If care be taken, not one bottle in forty but will be perfectly done at once, and after the first few bottles most persons regard canning fruit as less labor than drying it, besides being so much nicer and more convenient for use when wanted. [To be continued.] YOUTH'S CORNER. Enigmas. No. 1.-I am composed of six letters. My 1, 5, 6, 6, is a nickname. My 3, 5, 2, is a fluid. My 2, 3, 5, 6, is a kind of bird. My whole is a country in South America. MADISON, WIS. FRANK POWERS. The prospect is brightening. The draftcloud is being cleared away, the Army and Navy are winning great victories, the people have a plenty of money, and everybody is bound to be at Janesville in the last week of September. That's right. The Society offers large inducements, the railroads are to carry passengers at half rates, property for exhibition free, and there is no reason why we should not have a grand Fair. The Fair-Don't be Afraid to Show the The season has been unpropitious, and ducts will not compare favorably with those from other portions of the State. To such we would say, Don't forget that the drouth and the ravages of insects have been universal in the State. You stand on the same footing with the farmers of neighboring counties. Don't be afraid; bring out the best you have, and try to be glad if anybody else can beat you. Conventions. During Fair Week Will be held in some of the public halls of Janesville, as follows: On Tuesday evening, a Convention of Fruit Growers; On Wednesday evening, a Convention of Wool Growers; On Thursday evening, a Convention of No. 2.-I am composed of seven letters, the friends of Industrial Education. In view of all the circumstances of em- Friend sharp is one of the best posted and barrassment and difficulty unanticipated practically successful bee-culturists in the when, in February last, the List of Premi-State. We congratulate him on having been ums was prepared, the Executive Commit- able to set so good an example in this intertee of the State Agricultural Society have teresting and profitable branch of husbandthought it prudent to provide that, in case ry. If at any time in the future he should the receipt of the Fair should not be ade- find both market and storage overtaxed, he quate to meet the immediate expenses of may turn to the accommodating FARMER, with the assurance that material aid will carrying it through, and the paying off of not be wanting. The editor has always the premiums as awarded, then the said pre- loved honey most extravagantly, and now premiums shall be paid pro-rata out of the rejoices that the bee-keepers of Wisconsin excess of funds in the treasury after said have at last made the discovery.] expenses shall have been paid. This proviso has been made by sone of the strongest societies of the country, and is clearly a necessity with a state society unaided by the state government. Our Grateful Acknowledgments Are due to the Messrs. Hanford, of the Columbus (0.) Nurseries, for a box of beautiful apples; To Mr. H. W. Hayes, of Palmyra, for a quantity of fine currants, a little later in the season than anybody else keeps them; To S. G. Benedict, Esq., of this city, for a bottle of super-excellent black currant wine, manufactured by himself; To Mr. J. C. Plumb, of Lake Side Nurseries, for a variety of delicacies, from his garden and the neighboring waters; and To Mr. J. W. Sharp, of Door Creek, and a modest anonymous friend, of Stoughton, for boxes of beautiful honey. Give Us the Name. MOUNT PLEASANT, Aug. 17, 1864. MR. EDITOR:-You may stop our FARMER when our time expires. We are not farming now. Enclosed please find $1 00, for the present year. How does this, "or any other man' expect to receive credit for money, when he neither gives his name or post-office? This, is but a specimen of numerous letters of this description which we have received this year." Will men persist in being careless? Dodge County Mutual Ins. Co. Onward! and still onward! seems to be the motto of this sound and excellent company. The capital is now $114,675 50, and the business is rapidly increasing. Quiet and modest in its deportment, the Dodge County Mutual is really one of the safest and best companies doing business in this State. |