In

and straw may be removed any where, the crops being often sold by auction. other instances, all hay, dung, and straw are valued and paid for, and the straw belongs to the in-coming tenant for threshing and carrying the crop. In many cases, the use of the sheds and barns, and of part of the dwelling house is retained for six months, and often for a whole year, after the expiring of the lease, in order to manufacture the last crop; the farm thus having two occupiers, and giving occasion to unpleasant collisions. The two main difficulties that attend every term of entry is the use of the last or growing crop, and the use and preparation of the land that falls to be wrought in the year of expiration. period of the year can be found that would remove all the existing objections; for the processes of cultivation are so intermixed and dependent on each other, that at any time of the year that can be named there would remain crops growing or unconsumed,

No

or labour performed by the out-going tenant, of which he has not derived the benefit, and for which he must be remunerated. At Lady-day we often find that the in-coming tenant cannot go on the land to do any work without leave from his predecessor, and in other cases he enters at Candlemas for accommodation for one team. But even wi h this provision the winter and spring work is neglected, and the spring crops are often too late when allowed to be sown by the in-coming tenant. Sometimes the crops are sown by either tenant; when sown by the out-goer, the in-comer is not always bound to take them by valuation, and in that case they are cut and used by the outgoer, he paying the rent for the current half year. In some places the out-goer has two-thirds of the wheat crop, and one-half of the Lent crops for his share, and the incomer has the remainder for cutting and manufacturing. It is sometimes covenanted that winter ploughing is to be performed

and paid for, and in other cases it is entirely optional on either side. It is even stipulated that the out-going tenant shall not prepare for, or sow wheat, and that he will not be paid for any work done by him; a direct injunction to mismanage the land. The greatest objection to a Lady-day entry

that it gives the in-comer no crop for a year and half, where he is not allowed to sow the spring crops; and by the time he has reaped a crop, he will have paid a year's rent according to the very general custom of having a credit of six months. But the spring crops are most commonly sown by the in-comer, and the crop of wheat and the winter ploughing only remain to be arranged. This entry is advantageous in happening at a time when the last year's produce of hay, straw, and green crops will be nearly all consumed; and if it could be so far generally agreed upon, that no valuation for tillages is due where a crop has been obtained, the autumn sown wheat would

constitute the only item for adjustment. Payment for seed and labour for young grasses is universally understood, and the Lady-day entry is also advantageous in affording no pretext for spring grazing, as the usual season has not arrived.

The entry in May is later in the season, and affords less chance of preparation by winter ploughing. The in-comer can sow no spring crops, and pays one year's rent before reaping any corn produce. If the young seeds are not paid for, they may be eaten till 13th of May; but this custom is usually guarded against, and Lady-day is named as the entry to the seeds, pastures, and meadow lands. The last crops are used by the out-goer, the dung and straw remaining free, and the in-coming tenant affording barn room, and assisting in manufacturing the crop. The winter ploughing is accomplished by a number of the neighbouring farmers sending each a plough on a certain day, by which means a number of

The

acres are turned over, but often very imperfectly, and at an improper season. fallows for green crops are too late in being wrought, the manure is not prepared in due time, and the work of the season is deranged. Some little accommodation is claimed by the in-coming tenant, but wholly inadequate to effect the work that is necessary, and there is no agreement for ploughing, or any other work being done for remuneration.

In Michaelmas entries a liberty is sometimes granted to enter at Lady-day or at Midsummer to prepare the fallows; the out-goer uses the last crops, and keeps barn room till the following May or Midsummer, when the dung and straw are sometimes free, and sometimes paid for. The crops are sometimes taken by valuation, and in many places the in-comer threshes and carries the crop to market, and has the straw and dung therefrom free of charge. The Michaelmas term affords no return of crop for twelve