other work, describing the nature thereof, and the names of all the parishes or places through which it is to pass, and naming the place where a plan is open for inspection; and a written copy of such notice is to be served on the owners, lessees, or occupiers of the lands, and on the overseers of parishes, and the trustees or surveyors of highways, and others having the care of the roads or streets affected by the works. In case any objection be made (§ 6) by any of the parties above mentioned, within the said three months, the proposed work is not to be executed without the sanction of the Secretary of State, or unless the objection be withdrawn. On the application of any Local Board (§ 7) the Secretary of State may appoint an inspector to make inquiry on the spot as to the propriety of the proposed work, to hold meetings, to hear all persons desirous of being heard on the subject, and report the result to the Secretary of State. Where any premises (§ 8) outside the district of the Local Board shall have any drain by which the sewage flows into the sewer of the Local Board, the owner of such premises shall pay a proportionate yearly sum as long as the connection continues (except where he has a legal right to use the sewer), such payment to be charged on the premises as Private Improvement Expenses, and the amount to be settled by agreement or by the decision of two justices, and to be recoverable as if the premises were within the district. § 37 of the Local Government Act is repealed by § 9, and it is enacted that where part of a township or place is not comprised within any district in which the Local Government Act is in force, and which previously was liable to contribute to the highway rates, it shall for all purposes connected with the repairs of the highways be deemed a part of the district; but the ratepayers may decide in a public meeting that such part shall be formed into a separate highway district, and shall thenceforward be considered as a township maintaining its own highway; such meeting to be held within six months from the passing of this act, or within six months from the adoption of the Local Government Act; but parts of any parish or place already maintaining its own highways are excepted. Local Boards (§ 10) may act instead of the inhabitants assembled in vestry of any parish or place within their districts in all matters arising under the provisions of the 5 and 6 Wm. IV. cap. 50. Notices for alterations (§ 11) may, at the option of the Local Board, be served upon owners instead of occupiers, or upon owners as well as occupiers, and the costs of works may be recovered from the owners, or, if recovered from occupiers, they may be deducted from the rent, where the work is done in respect of such cost as they are entitled to make in respect of Private Improvement Rates by the Public Health Act. Where special district rates (§ 12) are levied over the same area as general district rates, the Local Board may authorise this levy on such rates, but so as not to affect any mortgages made upon the special rate. Debts due from any Local Board of Health on special district rates (§ 13) for or about any works of a permanent nature, may, with the sanction of the Secretary of State, of the mortgagees if any, and of the owners and ratepayers, be repaid; and money may be raised for the repayment on the credit of the general district rate. In all cases (§ 14) where hitherto the sanction of the General Board of Health (which has now ceased to exist) was necessary, the authority of the Secretary of State is substituted. At least seven clear days before the day fixed for the audit of accounts of any Local Board (§ 15) the rate books are to be made up and balanced, and be forthwith deposited at the office of the Board for the inspection of the owners and ratepayers,

and the notice of audit shall include a notice of such deposit, any officer altering, or suffering to be altered, the accounts, or refusing to allow of their inspection, incurs a penalty of 40s.; any ratepayer or owner may attend at the audit, and object to the accounts, and shall have the same right of appeal against allowances as they have against disallowances. The form of notice (§ 17) given in a schedule to this act, may be used for any of the purposes of § 69 of the Public Health Act and § 38 of the Local Government Act, for which such form is applicable. In the construction of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act (§ 18), conferring powers for the taking of land otherwise than by agreement, the term Special Act shall mean the act confirming the provisional order. The powers (§ 19) granted by § 78 of the Local Government Act, respecting the borrowing of money, are extended to cases in which any Local Board or Board of Improvement Commissioners have contributed to or executed any permanent work at a cost exceeding one year's assessable value of the premises assessable within the district. In districts where no water companies are established by act of parliament (§ 20) Local Boards may make agreement for the supply of water to persons on such terms as may be agreed upon, and shall have the same powers for recovering water-rents as they have for the recovery of water-rates. All Local Boards of Health constituted Burial Boards (§ 21) may repair and uphold fences surrounding burial grounds which have been discontinued, and take the necessary steps for preventing the desecration of such burial grounds, and placing them in a proper sanitary condition; and where such Burial Boards are Local Boards of Health, they may regulate and preserve all burial grounds within their limits; the expenses to be defrayed out of any rates authorised by them to be levied. Local Boards (§ 22) are to have the same powers with regard to any lands purchased by them for the purposes of the Local Government Act, as they have now for the purpose of making or enlarging streets. The expenses incurred by any Local Board of Health (§ 23) for Private Improvement Expenses, as also those stated in § 62 of the Local Government Act, are to be charges on the premises, with 57. per cent. interest, and may be declared payable by annual instalments during a period not exceeding thirty years; such payments to be recoverable from the owner or occupier in the same manner as the general district rates, and if paid by the tenant may be deducted from the rent in the same proportion as allowed in the Public Health Act; and proceedings for the recovery of sums below 201. (§ 24) may, at the option of the Local Board, be taken in the County Court. The Local Board (§ 25) may make bye-laws for licensing and regulating horses, ponies, mules, or asses standing for hire in the district, and for prescribing and regulating the stands, and fixing the rates of hire, and ordering the conduct of the drivers or attendants thereof, and also for licensing, regulating, and fixing the rates of hire, of pleasure boats or vessels, and the persons in charge of the same." Where a Board of Improvement Commissioners (§ 26) maintains and repairs the highways within its jurisdiction, the act of 5 and 6 Wm. IV. cap. 50 shall be held to apply to all encroachments on such highways. The provision (§ 27) for the repayment of costs and expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in relation to any provisional order, is extended to all provisional orders under the said act. No house or building forming part of any street (§ 28) within the district of any Local Board, shall hereafter be brought forward beyond the front wall of any house or building on either side of it, nor any addition be made beyond the front of such house or building,

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without the sanction of the Local Board. All the provisions (§ 29) of the Local Government Acts, 1858, as amended by this act, and of the Nuisances Removal Acts for England, 1855, and the Disease Prevention Act, 1855, as amended by the Act to amend the Acts for the Removal of Nuisances and Prevention of Diseases, shall extend and apply to all Local Boards of Health constituted under or by virtue of local acts, except when opposed to the provisions of general acts, or when the general acts and the local acts contain provisions for effecting the desired object by different means, in which case the Local Board may proceed under either; and future acts amending or repealing any general act shall also extend and apply to every such Local Board of Health. This act (§ 30) is to be deemed as incorporated with the Local Government Act, 1858, and is to be cited (§ 31) as the Local Government Act (1858) Amendment Act (1861).

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OATHS RELIEF.

[24 and 25 Victoriæ, cap. 66.-August 1, 1861.] An Act to give Relief to Persons who may refuse, or be unwilling from alleged conscientious Motives, to be sworn in Criminal Proceedings, Persons called as witnesses in any Court of Criminal Jurisdiction in England or Ireland, or who are required to make, or may be desirous of making, an affidavit or deposition in such proceedings, who may refuse or be unwilling to be sworn, may (§ 1) make an affirmation in a prescribed form, which is to be held of equal force and effect with an oath; and if the affirmation be wilfully or corruptly false (§ 2) the person making it is liable to the penalties imposed for the committal of perjury.

LOCOMOTIVES.

[24 and 25 Victoria, cap. 70.-August 6, 1861.]

An Act for regulating the Use of Locomotives on Turnpike and other Roads, and the Tolls to be levied on such Locomotives and on the Waggons and Carriages drawn or propelled by the same.

As "the use of locomotives is likely to become common on turnpike and other roads," a scale of tolls is prescribed which are to be regulated according to the weight carried on each pair of wheels, the width of the wheel or of the shoe or bearing on which it may rest, and whether or not the carriage be constructed with springs on the axle; locomotives of greater width than seven feet, or of greater weight than twelve tons, are not to be used without special permission; but the regulation as to weight is not to apply to carriages carrying one log of timber, one block of stone, one cable of rope, or a block or vessel of iron or other metal. The Secretary of State has the power to prohibit the use of any locomotive which may be deemed destructive to the road or dangerous to the public; they are not to be used on suspension or other bridges without previous consent of the persons liable for the repair of the bridge, and the owners of the locomotive are answerable for any damage it may cause to such bridge. Each locomotive must also consume its own smoke, and it, with the carriage driven by it, must be attended by at least two persons for the locomotive, and one person for the carriages; and lights must be borne in front during the hours of night when it travels. The speed is never to exceed ten

miles an hour on any public highway, nor five miles in towns and villages. The exemptions from tolls on carriages carrying certain materials is to apply to locomotives, and the provisions of the general or local acts relating to turnpike roads are to apply to locomotives. The owner of any locomotive causing a public or private nuisance may be proceeded against by indictment or action notwithstanding this act. Infringement of the provisions of this act are punishable by pecuniary penalties.

COPYRIGHT OF DESIGNS.

[24 and 25 Victoriæ, cap. 73.-August 6, 1861.]

An Act to amend the Law relating to the Copyright of Designs. The former Act (5 & 6 Vict. cap. 100) provided that the owner of a design "should have the sole right to apply the same to any articles of manufacture, provided the same were done within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland." The present Act removes the restriction, and confers the copyright "whether the application thereof be done within the United Kingdom or elsewhere, and whether the inventor or proprietor of such design be or be not a subject of her Majesty."

REMOVAL OF IRISH POOR.

[24 and 25 Victoriæ, cap. 76.-August 6, 1861.]

An Act to amend the Law relating to the Removal of Poor Persons to Ireland.

By § 1 it is enacted that no application for a warrant to remove any poor person from England to Ireland, shall be heard and determined except by two or more justices in petty sessions, or by a stipendiary magistrate or police magistrate sitting in his court; the person or persons to be removed must be seen by the justices or magistrate, and the warrant is not to be granted unless the person or persons to be removed are in such a state of health as not to suffer bodily or mental injury from such removal. The warrant (§ 2) is to contain the name, reputed age, the place in Ireland found to be the proper settlement, and a statement of the examination as to health, of every individual who may have become chargeable to a parish in England, and for whom application for a warrant is made, a copy of which is to be given to the person or the head of the family about to be removed; provided that any pauper absent from Ireland less than twelve months, may, with his own consent, be removed to any place other than his settlement; and also, if his place of settlement cannot be ascertained, to such port in Ireland as the justices may deem most convenient. The guardian obtaining the warrant (§ 3) is to send a copy by post to the clerk of the board of guardians of the Union in Ireland to which the removal is to be made, and also a copy of the depositions, if the same shall be required, within three months. The warrant (§ 4) is to order the poor person to be removed safely to the place mentioned in it, and is to be delivered at the workhouse of the Union containing the port nearest to the pauper's ultimate destination; and the guardians of that Union (§ 5), if not the place of destination, are to forward the pauper to it, and may recover the costs from the Board of Guardians in England of the Union from

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which the removal was made. No woman or child under fourteen years of age (§ 6) is to be removed as a deck passenger during the period between October 1 and March 31. 6 of the 8 and 9 Vict., cap. 117, is repealed by § 7; and § 8 directs that that act and this shall be construed together.

ANNOYANCE JURORS (WESTMINSTER).

[24 and 25 Victoriæ, cap. 78.—August 6, 1861.]

An Act to repeal certain Enactments relating to Nominating and Appointing the Householders of Westminster to serve as Annoyance Jurors, and to make other provision in lieu thereof.

By this Act the householders of Westminster are relieved from the duty of serving as annoyance jurors, and the Dean and Chapter with the Court of Burgesses are empowered instead to appoint an inspector of weights and measures, who is to visit shops and warehouses, and inspect the weights and measures of vendors in the streets, with powers to seize or break the fraudulent weights and measures, and to summon the offenders before the said Court of Burgesses, by whom fines may be inflicted to any amount not exceeding 51. for each offence, and by whom the defective weights and measures may be ordered to be destroyed. A penalty not exceeding 408. is to be inflicted on any one obstructing the inspector, and the inspector is liable to a fine not exceeding 51. for asking or demanding any gratuity under pretence of excusing any one. The penalties are to be paid to the High Bailiff and the Court of Burgesses, the High Bailiff taking one half to his own use, and the Court of Burgesses the other towards defraying the expenses of carrying out this Act.

METROPOLIS GAS ACT AMENDMENT.

[24 and 25 Victoriæ, cap. 79.-August 6, 1861.]

An Act to amend the Metropolis Gas Act.

This act merely transfers the powers conferred by previous Acts from the justices of the peace in quarter sessions to the Metropolitan Board of Works, so far as relates to the metropolis, exclusive of the City of London.

CONJUGAL RIGHTS (SCOTLAND).

[24 and 25 Victoriæ, cap. 86.--August 6, 1861.]

An Act to amend the Law regarding Conjugal Rights in Scotland. The provisions of this act are in effect the same as those of the 20 and 21 Vict., cap. 85 (Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act'), adapted to the Scottish law and the Scottish law courts, except § 16, which enacts that" when a married woman succeeds to property, or acquires right to it by donation, bequest, or any other means than by the exercise of her own industry, the husband or his creditors, or any other person claiming under or through him, shall not be entitled to claim the same as falling within the communio bonorium, or under the jus mariti or husband's right of administration, except on the condition of making therefrom a reasonable provision for the support and main