A universal geography - Thomas Milner - Google Könyvek

Könyvek

chain-the Cumbrian range-the Cambrian mountains-the Devonian group

-three ridges of low rounded chalk hills-heaths-moorlands-plains. Most

important river systems: the Humber, Thames, and Severn-lakes. English

and Welsh counties, with their population, number of parishes, and county

and chief towns. London-principal provincial towns, their population-

universities-colleges-public schools-ecclesiastical divisions-minerals

manufactures-agriculture-internal communication-instructional, moral,

and religious condition of the people. NOTES, TOPOGRAPHICAL AND MIS-

CELLANEOUS: London-Manchester with Salford-Liverpool-Birmingham

-Leeds-other important sites of manufacturing and commercial activity

-places celebrated for their mineral and medicinal waters-places remark-

able for great antiquity, historic notoriety, and still important-counties in

which agricultural, manufacturing, or mining occupations predominate, or

are nearly equal-proportion of inhabitants to every hundred acres in the

agricultural, commercial, or manufacturing districts............ pages 226-238

Scotland:-Greatest extent of the mainland-chief in lets-principal projections

of the coast-Inner and Outer Western Isles-the Orkneys-the Shetlands-

surface-Southern, Central, and Northern Highlands-Lowlands-rivers-

lakes-Lowland, Mixed, and Highland counties, their population, county

and chief towns-Edinburgh-staple manufactures-fisheries-mineral pro-

ducts-roads-agriculture-religion-language-character and educational

acquirements of the Scotch-sanctity of the sabbath respected more than

in any other country. NOTES: Glasgow-Port-Glasgow-Dundee - Aberdeen

-Paisley - Greenock-St. Andrew's - county towns in the Highlands -

natural curiosities, and sites of historic interest-union of England and

Ireland:-Greatest extent-coast-line-area-inlets and estuaries-capes-

islands-prominent features of the surface-great plain-highland ranges-

rivers the Shannon-lakes-civil divisions-provinces-counties, with their

population, county and chief towns-Dublin-minerals-manufactures-agri-

culture-physical features-religion. NOTES: Cork-Belfast-Limerick-

Waterford-the Giant's Causeway-monuments of antiquity. pages 245-250

United Kingdom :-Summary of the entire population-form of government-

House of Lords-House of Commons-benevolence. NOTES: Climate-

origin of the inhabitants-dialects-value of produce and manufactures-

customs' duties-vessels in the foreign and coasting trades-debt and income

-annual value of real property-railway communication-British foreign

possessions
........................................................................................................................... pages 251-254

Boundaries-superficial area-form-inlets-islands-Corsica-surface of France

-mountains-principal rivers-political divisions-old provinces and depart-

ments, with their capitals and distance from Paris-Paris-manufactures-

commercial ports-agriculture-principal minerals-total population-form

of government-religion-literature, science, and art-prominent features of

the national character. NOTES: Lyons-Marseilles-Bordeaux-Rouen-

Toulouse-Nantes-Lille-Strasbourg-Amiens-Nismes-Toulon-other

places of consequence or interest-ancient and modern royal residences-

distance of Paris from various capitals-longest and shortest days in Paris-

principal fair in France-most celebrated lighthouse-French foreign pos-

sessions
............................................ pages 254-261

Boundaries of the kingdom-aspect of the country-fertility of soil-mineral

wealth-manufactures-population-principal rivers-provinces, with their

capitals and other chief towns-Brussels-manufactures-population-Bel-

gium the battle-field of Europe-Waterloo-the Belgians-language-religion

-local Bible Associations-Evangelical Society. NOTES: Ghent-Liège-

Chaufontaine-Ostend - Bruges-Malines-Louvain-Namur-Charleroi-

Tournay-Herstal-Spa-lines of railway-coal-iron-works-exports-about

one-third of population of Frankish origin...

Boundary-extreme limits-coast-group of islands-chain of islands-rivers

-lakes and marshes-canals-flatness of the country-terrible calamities,

and great geographical changes caused by this peculiar physical condition-

sand-mounds-great dike of the Helder-provinces, with their cities and

towns-Amsterdam-foreign oppression, political vicissitudes, and struggles

for independence-legislative power-character of the Dutch-religion-

M. da Costa. NOTES: Rotterdam-Utrecht-Leyden-Haerlem-Delft-Dort

-Zutphen-Maestrict-Hoorne-Zwoll-Dutch foreign possessions.

Its boundaries-greatest extent-surface-great plain-hills and mountains-

elevated plain or table land-Alps and their branches-river systems-poli-

tical divisions-states, with their area in square miles, population, capitals.

Kingdom of Bavaria :-Territory of the Danube and Maine-territory of the

Rhine-Munich-agriculture. NOTES: Nurenberg-Augsburg-Ratisbon-

Wurzburg, Passau, Inn, and Spire-Landau-Bipontine editions-celebrated

battle-fields-Royal Bavarian Railway
pages 271, 272

Hanover:-The country-Harz mountains-the Brocken-the capital. NOTES:

chief towns-Hildesheim-Luneberg-Ilmenau-Osnaburg-Embden-Clans-

thal-Göttingen-railway communication-crowns of Hanover and Great

Wirtemberg:-Its situation-fertility-Stuttgard. NOTES: Ulm-Tubingen-

Wirtemberg Railway

Kingdom of Saxony:-The country-manufactures-mineral wealth-the Elbe

-Dresden-magnificent bridge. NOTES: Leipsic-Chemnitz-Freiberg on

the Münzbach-Herrnhut-principal railways

Electorate of Hesse Cassel-Grand Duchy of Baden :-Extent of Hesse Cassel-

Cassel-Schmalkald-description of the Grand Duchy of Baden-Carlsruhe-

Grand Duchy of Hesse Darmstadt-Darmstadt-Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-

Schwerin and Strelitz-Oldenburg, and Saxe Weimar. NOTES: Mannheim-

Heidelberg-Freiburg-Constance - Baden-Baden-Grand-Duchy of Baden

railway-Mayence, or Mentz-Worms-Maine and Neckar Railway-Rostock

Ducal Territories:-Nassau-Duchy of Brunswick, Brunswick-Saxon Duchies

-Anhalt Duchies

...... page 275

Principalities:-The two Lippes-Waldeck-Reuss, Elder and Younger-the
two Schwarzburgs-Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg-Frankfort. NOTES:
Hamburg-Bremen-Lubeck-Hanseatic League................. pages 275, 476

Object of the Germanic Confederation-Literary and scientific eminence of

Germany-Book-trade-seats of universities-religious and moral state of the

Divisions of the Prussian territory. Eastern division: Its boundaries-surface

-moors and heaths-the Elbe-the Oder-the Vistula-the Niemen-Baltic

coast-the Curische Haff, or Bay of the Cures- amber-principal islands.

Western division: Its extent-vineyards-moorlands. Civil divisions of the

kingdom-provinces-governments-cities and towns-Berlin-Copernicus-

Luther-Wittenberg-Melancthon's tomb - subjects of Prussia-education-

religion-royal family. NOTES: Breslau-Cologne-Königsberg-Dantzic-

Magdeburg-Aix-la-Chapelle-other places of importance in the Prussian

states-seats of universities-recent accession of influence-Hohenzollern

Sigmaringen and Hohenzollern Hechingen-German commercial union (Zoll-

verein)-principal railways
.................................................. pages 277-282

AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.

Extent-boundary-mountain ranges-rivers-monarchy; its administrative

divisions, with their area in square miles, cities and towns-aggregate popu-

German countries:-Archduchy of Austria-Vienna-Moravia, Silesia, and

Bohemia-fertility and products-Styria; metallic products-Illyria; mineral

wealth and natural curiosities-the Tyrol; its Alpine masses; passes of St.

Maria and Stelvio; the Ortler Spitz

Polish countries:-Kingdom of Galicia-extent-forests-salt-works at Bochnia

and Wieliczka-subterranean town of salt
............ page 284

Hungarian countries:-Their importance to Austria-Kingdom of Hungary; its

extent; physical character; minerals-Principality of Transylvania; natural

scenery; its gold-Kingdom of Dalmatia-Military Frontier-its origin and

Subjects of Austria-Sclavonic races-Germans-Græco-Latins- Magyars-

moral and religious condition of the people-imperial house. NOTES: Prague

-Buda-Pesth-Trieste-Lemberg-Brunn-Castle of the Spielberg-field

of Austerlitz-Gratz-Inspruck-grave of Hoter-Peterwardein-Trent-

seats of universities -- mineral waters
........ pages 285-287

Its boundaries-greatest extent-area in square miles-Pennine, Helvetian,

Rhætian, and Bernese Alps, with their elevations-village of Soglio-prin-

cipal passes and their heights-Hospice of Great St. Bernard-glaciers and

avalanches-rivers-lakes-waterfalls-diversity of climate and vegetable

productions-animals-Cantonnal governments with their chief towns-diet

-Berne-independence of Switzerland-how effected-Tell-inhabitants-

occupations-religion. NOTES: Geneva-Zurich-Lucerne-Basle-Lausanne

-Thun-sites of historic interest

Its boundaries-chief inlets-area of the mainland and islands. Continental

Italy: its extent-mountain system-Pennine, Grecian, and Cottian Alps,

with their heights and number of feet-principal passes and their elevations

-Apennines-Monte Corno-Vesuvius-the Po and other important streams.

Northern and Central Italy: Their lakes. Insular Italy: Its extent-Etna --

islands. NOTES: Maltese islands-Valetta

Italian States.-Kingdom of the Two Sicilies:-The states with their cities and

towns-their entire population-Two Sicilies-natural advantages-Naples.

NOTES: Historic sites-Bay of Naples-Vesuvius-Palermo-Messina -

Catnia-Siragosa-Girgenti-Scylla and Charybdis-Sulphur... pages 294, 295

Sardinian Monarchy:-Its territory-physical character of the country-habits

of the people-government-Turin. NOTES: Genoa-Nice-Chamberry-

Chamouni-the Vaudois-Cagliari.........
.......... page 295

Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom :-Under Austrian rule-contains evidences of

material prosperity-Milan-Venice. NOTES: Milan, the general entrepôt of

the trade of Northern Italy. Milanese Lombardy: Mantua, Pavia, Bergamo,

Como, Monza, and Lodi-Venice, remarkable for its situation. Venetian Lom-

bardy: Padua, Vicenza, Verona-Village of Campo Formio pages 295, 296

States of the Church:-Extent-Rome-ecclesiastical administration of the

temporal sovereignty. NOTES: Topographical description of Rome-Bologna

-Civita Vecchia and Ancona
pages 296, 297

States of Tuscany, Modena, Parma, Lucca, Grand Duchies and Duchies, with

Republics of San Marino:-NOTES: Florence, capital of the Tuscan Grand

Duchy-Leghorn, the greatest commercial emporium of Italy-grave of

Smollett-Pisa-colony of camels-Modena, capital of the duchy-Reggio-

Lucca, capital of the duchy-republic of San Marino-cession of Lucca to

Italy in General:-Fertility and cultivation of the northern portion-Central

Italy; pestilential character of its lowlands-cultivation of the vine-natural

products of Sicily-papal influence in Italy. NOTES: Inhabitants of Italy-

language-imports and exports-universities-railways-wild beasts.

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

Extent and superficial area--the country a region of highlands-the Pyrenees-

other ranges distinguishing prefixes to Spanish names-Central districts,

comprising Old and New Castile-rivers-circular pools

Kingdom of Spain:-Extent-population-districts; their cities and chief

towns-Madrid-national character-the island-Rock of Gibraltar-Spanish

monarchy-form of government. NOTES: Barcelona-Seville-Granada-

Valencia - Malaga - Cadiz-noted places-Cordova-Segovia, Salamanca,

Toledo, Saragossa, Badajoz, and Tarifa-quicksilver mines at Almaden-

rock-salt at Cardona-principal exports-cork-tree-railway... pages 300-302

Kingdom of Portugal:-Area and population-provinces, with their cities and

chief towns-Lisbon-Portuguese character-hostility to the Spaniards-

monarchy and form of government. NOTES: Oporto-Braganza-Torres

Vedras .................

The Peninsula at large:-Historical celebrity-Columbus-Vasco de Gama-

Capes St. Vincent and Trafalgar-the Inquisition-intolerance of the Spanish

and Portuguese religion. NOTES: Spanish and Portuguese foreign possessions.

The Azores-San Miguel and Terceira ................................. pages 303, 304

Extent of the Peninsula-area-physical character of the country-western

coast-country inland-navigable river, the Eyder-Insular Denmark-islands

-south-western side-population-provinces, with their cities and chief towns

-Copenhagen-main dependence of the people-religious condition-form of

government. NOTES: Altona-Kiel-Gluckstadt-Elsinore-Castle of Cron-

berg-Roskilde-railway communication-Treaty of Calmar-Danes Proper-

inhabitants of the duchies-Danish foreign possessions-The Faröe Isle-Thor-

shaon-Heligoland

NORWAY AND SWEDEN.

Extent of the two countries-important islands-the Maelström-surface of the

western side of the peninsula-mountains and table-lands-roads-rivers-

lakes-climate-longest day of Scandinavia-cultivation-vegetation-cha-

racteristic animals ..........................
.......................... pages 307-309

Norway:-Population-principal districts, with their cities and towns-Christi-

ania-forests and fisheries the main source of subsistence to the people→→

minerals-mines at Kongsberg-executive government. NOTES: Bergen-

Trondheim, or Drontheim-Frederickshall-Alstahong-Christiansand and

Stavanger-Tromsoe-Hammerfest-Peninsula of Lister-most elevated of

the field-stuer
pages 309, 310

Sweden:-Population-districts, with their cities and towns-the country-

mines of Dannemora and Fahlun-legislative assembly. NOTES: Gotten-

burg-Upsal-Carlscrona-Calmar-Wisbey

Peninsula at large:-Established form of religion-character of the people-

Swedish demoralization-the Finns and Lapps-present character. NOTES:

Swedes and Norwegians, Finns and Lapps-their lineage-characteristic

animals-Swedish foreign possession, St. Bartholomew
............ pages 311, 312

RUSSIA IN EUROPE.

Its boundaries-Erman on the boundary of Asia-extent and area of the

country-chief insular dependencies- Arctic Islands-extent of the Russian

empire-surface of the country-the High Steppes and vegetation-sterility

of the Low Steppes-territory of extraordinary fertility-forests-principal

marsh-lands-important rivers-the Volga-the Dnieper-lakes-climate-

change of seasons-vegetation-animal life-component parts of European

Russia-governments or provinces, with their cities and towns-St. Peters-

burg-total population of the country-numerous races-their moral con-

dition-government-imperial family-religions-various sects-number of

persons-clergy-places of worship-nominally Christian Russo-Greek Church;

its ceremonies-points of difference between the Greek and Roman Catholic

communion-carnival season-missionary efforts. NOTES: Moscow; the

Kremlin-Warsaw-Odessa-Riga-Wilna-Kasan-Kieff-Astrakhan-Tula

-Sebastopol-Archangel - Cronstadt- Nishnei-Novgorod -Kherson - Kola

-principal exports-imperial ukase in reference to the Jews...pages 312-321

TURKEY IN EUROPE.

Its boundaries, extent, and area-western and eastern coast-lines-the Dar-

danelles-Sea of Marmora-Black Sea-Candia and Samothrace-mountains-

vast plain on the north-east-principal rivers-ordinary vegetation-eyalets,

or governments-provinces, with their cities and towns-Constantinople-

population of the whole country-religion-form of government-religious

toleration. NOTES: Adrianople-Saloniki-Bukharest-Bosnia-Serai-Phi-

lippoli-Janina-Belgrade-Jassy-Widdin-Rustchuk-Silistria-Sophia-

Schumla Larissa-Gallipoli-ancient classical and historical sites-Sublime

Porte-chief exports and imports ............................................................................................................. pages 321-325

Continental Greece-Its extent and boundaries-the coast-Isthmus of Corinth

-characteristic of the interior-classical heights-principal objects of culture

-Insular Greece. NOTES: Most interesting districts of ancient Greece-deri-

vation of the names Morea and Isthmian games-distribution of Insular

Greece-Negropont-the Western and Northern Sporades-the Northern,

Central, and Southern Cyclades

Greece, including the Islands :-Area and population-Athens-principal seats

of commerce-inhabitants; difference of disposition and habits-Albanians,

or Arnauts-Greek Church-tolerance-monarchy-form of government.

NOTES: Syra and Hydra-Napoli di Romani, or Nauplia-Patras-Misso-

longhi-Navarino-Corinth-Mycena-Thebes-Megara and Eleusis-Delphi

-Platæa-Salamis - Plain of Marathon-Pass of Thermopyla - Plain of

Olympia-Cape Matapan-Cape Colonna-Mount Hymettus-Modern Greek

............................................ pages 326, 327

Ionian Islands :-Total area-population-government-Corfu. NOTE: Thiaka.

Its boundaries-extent-superficial area-most important gulfs, bays, and

peninsulas-islands. NOTES: Derivation of the word Levant-the Red Sea-

Behring's Strait, and other oceanic tracts
pages 328, 329

Configuration: The two highland regions-Western Asia-chains of mountains
-Central Asia-its stupendous elevations-Ural Mountains-the six lowland

regions. NOTES: Connection of Western and Central Asia-Hindoo-Koosh

-the term Himalaya; its passes-Karakorum Pass-routes across the

mountains of Western Asia-volcanic mountains-lowlands of Northern

Rivers: The Caspian; its area and depth-next considerable inland collection

of waters. NOTES: The northern and southern rivers-salt-water formations

without outlets-the Dead Sea-Lakes Baikal and Sir-i-kol ...
pages 331, 332

Tracts remarkably infertile-others remarkable for fertility-variety of climate,

and of vegetable and animal productions-mineral wealth. NOTES: Variety

of climate accounted for-corn-plants, and many fruit-trees and flowers in

Europe originally brought from Asia-articles obtained from its vegetable

products-it is the native country of many domestic animals-botany and

zoology of High Asia ......................................................
pages 332, 333

Population: The races almost all aboriginal-physical configuration and language

-religious statistics. NOTE: The political powers according to influence and

RUSSIA IN ASIA.

Its boundaries and extent-physical features-river systems-forests in the

southern districts-mossy plains of the north- climate. NOTES: Low and flat

surface-the Great Lake Baikal-Yakutsk-the Lena-the seasons-frosts-

summer-snow hurricanes................................................... pages 335, 336

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