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non magis, quam de se ipso, liberrime dixit. Quoties fassus est, se non nisi inchoasse aliquid, in quo alii essent elaboraturi, sua multum abesse a perfectione, se tantum monere alios, se non omnibus præsidiis adjutum, se aliis occupationibus distractum esse, se festinasse. Neque vero in hac modesta oratione erat laudis captatio, aut ulla simulatio: satis erat laudatus et spectatus, ut his artibus non opus esset. De se igitur ita statuens, idem de aliis, quos non ad metam pervenisse sentiebat, profitebatur, non reprehendendi aut obtrectandi studio, sed quia monendos alios putabat, ne opinione, auctoritatis præsertim, decipi se paterentur. Quæ quidem libertas complurium animos ab eo abalienavit. Sed habebat impetus animi paulo acriores, nec premere talia poterat. Unde reprehensoribus plerumque paulo vehementius respondebat, iis maxime, qui nec causas reprehensionum idoneas, nec meliorem rationem demonIn sermonibus omnes fere laudabat, ipsos adeo illos, a quibus injuriam sibi factam putabat; aut si quid moneret, tantum apud familiares hanc veniam sibi indulgebat. A quibus autem amari se sciebat, his plane deditus erat, seque totum consecrabat, nec ullam fidelis amicitiæ partem negligebat. Multos igitur habuit amicos, multos doctrinæ pariter ac facilitatis summæ admiratores, sub extrema præsertim vitæ tempora, cum nemo apud nos ausus est de eo nisi reverenter loqui: mortuusque tantum sui desiderium reliquit, ut consentiens omnium vox esset, bene cum literis actum videri, si omnes iis ita, ut Reiskius, se totos darent, et cum earum studio tantum publicæ rei amorem conjungerent.

strassent.

Initia morbi, quo tandem absumtus est, ducenda sunt ab inopino casu, quo præter modum commotus fuerat, ut paucos quidem dies decumberet, sed tota æstas ad colligendas vires non sufficeret: imo adeo ex eo tempore in dies magis debilitatus est. Accessit anno primo et septuagesimo tussis vehementior, quæ omne robur penitus hausit, omni medicina potentior esse cœpit, corpus emaciavit, animum hebetavit, et tandem anno quarto et septuagesimo, die quarto decimo Augusti, Reiskium exstinxit. Atque ut paucis ante mortem diebus, cum vix posset ferre morbum, tamen non desiit cum typographis agere, et in institutis operibus pergere, sic, quidquid vellet fieri de his, quæ elaborata reliquit, accurate mandavit, ut, eo mortuo, omnia recte absolvi possent. Uxoris amori, omnes has ærumnas mirifice adlevanti, pari amore respondit. Amicos salutantes, dolentes, valedicentes excepit humanissime, in mediis corporis doloribus ipse eos consolatus est, summaque verborum humanitate iis et gratias egit, et memoriam sui commendavit. Tanta fuit constantia, tanta doloris tolerantia. Nobiscum paulo ante mortem de rebus humanis cum ea animi magnitudine locutus est, ut jam ad altiora enisus videretur: tantopere sentiebat, gloriam, præmia humana, occupationes innumeras aut multum vanitatis habere, aut omnia metienda esse modo ac consilio, quo quis ea quæreret, iis uteretur, dicebatque de his ea vocis contentione, eo

item orationis genere, ut animum debilitati corpusculi jam oblitum
agnosceremus. Hunc talem sensum, hanc melioris vitæ præsen-
sionem multum confirmavit religionis christianæ cogitatio, cui
immortuus est. Ita nobis quidem, multis beneficiis ab se ornatis,
desiderium sui acerrimum, et indelebilem doctrinæ, benevolentiæ ac
humanitatis memoriam, tum vero laboris, industriæ, tolerantiæ,
et, quod maximum est, grave confirmati ad mortem animi exem-
plum reliquit.

INDEX LIBRORUM

A JOANNE JACOBO REISKIO

EDITORUM.

1. Abi Mohammed el Kasem Bascensis vulgo Haririi consessus XXVI
Rakah s. variegatus dictus. E cod. MS. cum scholiis arabicis et
versione latina. Lipsiæ 1737.4.

2. Taraphæ Moallakah cum scholiis Nahas et versione latina. Lugd. Bat.

1742. 4.

3. Miscellaneæ observationes medicæ ex Arabum monumentis. Dispu-
tatio pro gradu Doctoris. Lugd. Batav. 1746. 4.

4. De principibus Muhammedanis, qui aut ab eruditione, aut ab amore
literarum claruerunt. Lipsiæ 1747.4.

5. De Arabum epocha vetustissima, Sail ol Arem, i. e. ruptura catarrhac-
tæ Marebensis. Lipsiæ 1748. 4.

6. Constantini Porphyrogenneti libri duo de cærimoniis aulæ Byzantinæ,
Gr. et Lat. Tom. II. fol. Lipsiæ 1751-1754.

7. Animadversiones ad Sophoclem. Lipsiæ 1753. 8.

8. Animadversiones ad Euripidem et Aristophanem. Lipsiæ 1754. 8:
9. Anthologiæ græcæ, a Constantino Cephala editæ, libri tres. Duo
nunc primum, tertius post Jensium iterum editi, cum latina interpre-
tatione, commentariis, et notitia poetarum. Lipsiæ 1754. 8. (Hic
liber Oxonii 1764 cura Whartoni recusus est.)

10. Abilfedæ annales Moslemici. Latinos ex arabicis fecit. Lipsiæ

1754. 4.

11. Thograis so genanntes Lommisches Gedicht, aus dem Aralischen
übersetzt, nebst einem Entwurfe der arabischen Dichterey. Friedrich-
stadt. 1756. 4.

12. Abilwalidi Risalet s. epistolium, arabice et latine cum notulis.
Lipsiæ 1756. 4.

13. Animadversionum ad græcos auctores volumen primum, quo
Diodorus Siculus, Dio Chrysostomus, et Dio Cassius pertractantur.
Lipsiæ. 1757. 8.

14. Sammlung einiger arabischen Sprüchwörter, die von Stecken oder
Staeben hergenommen sind. Leipzig. 1758. 4.

15. Animadversionum ad græcos auctores volumen secundum, quo
Lysias et Plutarchi opuscula miscellanea pertractantur. Lipsiæ

1759. 8.

16. M. T. Ciceronis Tuscul. disput. libri quinque. Accedit libellus variarum lectionum et animadversionum. Lipsiæ 1759. 12.

17. De Zenobio, sophista Antiocheno. Lips. 1759.

18. De quibusdam e Libanio repetitis argumentis, ad historiam ecclesiasticam christianam pertinentibus, inprimis de Optimo Episcopo. Lipsiæ 1759. 4.

19. De rebus, ad scholam Nicolaitanam Lipsiensem pertinentibus, expositio. Lips. 1759.4.

20. De Actamo, philosopho arabico. Lipsia 1760. 4.

21. Animadversionum ad græcos auctores volumen tertium, quo Thucydides, Herodotus et Aristides pertractantur. Lipsiæ 1761.8.

22. Teutsche Uebersetzung der Reden aus dem Thucydides. Leipzig.

1761. 8.

23. Animadversionum ad auctores græcos volumen quartum, quo Polybii reliquiæ pertractantur. Lipsiæ 1763. 8.

24. Demosthenis und Eschinis Reden, verteutscht, und mit nöthigen Anmerkungen erläutert. Lemgo 1764. 8. Volumina quinque. 25. Proben der Arabischen Dichtkunst in verliebten und traurigen Gedichten, aus dem Montanabbi, arabisch und teutsch, nebst Anmerkungen. Leipzig. 1765. 4.

26. Theocriti reliquiæ cum scholiis græcis et commentariis integris variorum, tribus libris animadversionum et indicibus. Tom. II. Lipsiæ

1766.4.

27. Animadversionum ad auctores græcos volumen quintum, quo Libanius, Artemidorus, et Callimachus pertractantur. Lipsiæ 1766. 8. 28. Animadversiones ad Porphyrii librum de abstinentia a carnibus, insertæ editioni Rhoerii, V. Cl. Ultrajecti 1767. 8.

29. Abilfedæ geographia, latine reddita, inserta Collectaneis historicis et geographicis Bueschingii, V. Cl. 1770. His collectaneis anno 1771 inserta est Marai Geschichte der Regenten in Egypten.

30. Oratorum græcorum volumen primum et secundum s. textus Demosthenis, cum scholiis e cod. Bavarico et Augustano. Lipsiæ 1770. 31. Apparatus Critici ad Demosthenem volumen primum, secundum, tertium, quæ Wolfianas, Taylorianas et Reiskianas notas continent. Lipsiæ 1774. et 1775. 4.

32. Indices operum Demosthenis. Lipsiæ 1775. 8.

33. Oratorum græcorum volumen tertium, Eschinem complectens. Lipsia 1771. 8.

34. Oratorum græcorum volumen quartum, continens varietatem lectionis et indicem græcitatis ad Eschinem, item tres orationes Dinarchi, unam Lycurgi, quatuor Andocidis. Lipsiæ 1771. 8.

35. Qratorum græcorum volumen quintum, Lysiæ textum cum notis Taylori, Marclandi et Reiskii contínens. Lipsiæ 1772. 8. 36. Oratorum græcorum volumen sextum, fragmenta Lysiæ, Taylori lectiones Lysiacas, latinam Lysiæ versionem, a Reiskio confectam, varietatem lectionis et indicem græcitatis continens. Lipsia 1772. 8. 37. Oratorum græcorum volumen septimum, Isæi et Antiphontis reliquias, notas, versionem Isæi, et indices græcitatis continens. Lipsiæ

1773.8.

38. Oratorum græcorum volumen octavum, continens reliquias Lesbonactis, Herodis Attici, Antisthenis, Alcidamantis, et Gorgiæ, latinam versionem Antiphontis, et indicem græcitatis. Lipsia 1773. 8. 39. Plutarchi quæ supersunt omnia græce et latine. E principibus editionibus castigavit, virorumque doctorum suisque annotationibus instruxit

I. I. Reiske. Vol. I. 1774. Vol. II. et III. 1775. Vol. IV. et V. 1776. 8. Lipsiæ. Reliqua volumina, jam parata prelo, deinceps omnia prodibunt. 40. Dionysii Halicarnassensis opera omnia, græce et latine, cum annotationibus Henr. Stephani, Sylburgii, Porti, Casauboni, Ursini, Valesii, Hudsoni et Reiskii. Vol. I. et II. 1774. Vol. III. IV. et V. 1775. Vol. VI. 1777. Lipsiæ. 8.

41. Maximi Tyrii dissertationes e recens. Davisii. Editio altera, cui Marclandi notæ accesserunt. Recudi curavit et annotatiunculas addidit I. I. Reiske. Lipsiæ. Vol. I. 1774. Vol. II. 1775. 8.

MEMOIR

On the Antiquity of the Zodiacs of ESNEH and DENDERA.

PART I.

THE antiquity of these zodiacs must be decided, if it be decided at all, by the internal evidence which they themselves furnish. It seems, however, to be generally agreed, that they were intended to represent the state of the heavens at the commencement of a Sothic period; and consequently that they may be referred, with the greatest probability, either to the year 2782 before Christ, or to the year 1322 before Christ, or to the year 138 after Christ.

Before I proceed to canvass these questions, or to examine the zodiacs, I shall make some remarks: first, upon the system of chronology which is generally received-secondly, upon the progress which the ancient Egyptians, and the Orientalists in general, had made in the science of astronomy-and thirdly, upon the origin of the zodiacal symbols.

1. According to the chronology which is generally received, 5824 years have elapsed since the creation of the world, to the period at which I am now writing. It is my earnest wish to confirm the authority of the sacred records, on which this system of chronology is said to be founded; but I think myself at liberty to examine those records, and to judge for myself whether the received chronology be founded on them, or not. I am fully aware that in doing so, I shall expose myself to the charge of presumption; but this is a censure which I must be satisfied with enduring, since it shall never deter me from freely expressing

my opinions, either on this, or on any other subject, on which I feel myself competent to speak.

The world, as I have just stated, has been created 5824 years, according to the received chronology. It has been created 6065 years, according to the Samaritan text-7210 years, according to the Septuagint-and 7508 years, according to the testimony of Josephus. The received chronology is founded on a literal, but, as I conceive, a mistaken interpretation of the Hebrew text. It appears, both from the version of the LXX, and from Josephus, that some error has crept into the Hebrew text, in fixing the number of years between the creation and the deluge; and that a similar error has occurred, in reckoning the number of years from the deluge to the birth of Abraham, is still more apparent. But in this last instance the fault lies, perhaps, rather with the modern translators than with the original Hebrew. At Genesis, c. xi. v. 10. it is said, Shem was a son of an hundred years, (AND) when he begat Arphaxad. Now at v. 12, where it is mentioned that Arphaxad lived five and thirty years and begat Salah, the words, son of an hundred years, are to be understood after Arphaxad, and so of all the other descendants of Shem, down to Abraham. Thus the Samaritan copyist, the LXX, and Josephus, must have read the text. It is true that these writers differ from each other about the number of generations; but all alike have supplied the words which I have cited in their proper places. With respect to the number of generations, I hesitate not to follow the LXX, because their reckoning is the same with that adopted by St. Luke and it follows, that the name of the second Cainan must have existed in some of the ancient copies of the Hebrew Bible. To the authorities which I have quoted, are opposed the version of Jerom, the traditions of the Rabbin, and the present state of the Hebrew text. The authority of Jerom may be referred to that of the Jew of Tiberias, who taught him Hebrew-the "masters in Israel" are not agreed among themselves about the chronology of the Bible; the age of the world being now 5571 years according to the Seder Olam Rabba; 6179 years according to the Seder Olam Sutha; 5878 years according to Maimonides; 5574 years according to Gersom; about 6000 years according to the Asiatic Jews-the present state of the Hebrew text is, perhaps, nearly what it was in the time of the Masorites, and so much may be allowed for its

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