for the loss of your favor. I think one should forgive such repentance as that proves ! "

a million of money did not console him | with congratulations that all had turned out so well, and with Dorneck's passport viséd, according to order, he might also have added congratulations to the happy couple on their engagement.

Madame Bernard looked with a smile at her handsome brother, and then shyly at Fernald, who, at this captivating glance, fell upon his knees, and raised her hand to his lips.

66

Oh, do not let me suffer all my life for the fault of one evil moment!" he cried fervently.

"You have wounded me deeply," she replied hesitatingly; "but, if my brother speaks truly, I shall be obliged to pardon you, and make peace. So rise, and tell me all that has happened since you left me in so different a way," she added archly.

"You restore life to me," said Fernald, springing to his feet. "Let your brother tell you all about the rescue, which he alone and unaided performed, and in the mean time I will see that all cause for anxiety about him shall be put aside. May I write here?"

"Certainly; I will bring you pen and

ink."

The next morning, two calèches stood before the inn; one contained Madame Bernard and her scapegrace of a brother, who were going to Heidelberg, from whence she was to return to Frankfort. Fernald was in his own, on the top of which sat a royal Bavarian gendarme to protect the precious trunk the rest of the way to Vienna.

One fortnight after, he returned safely to Frankfort, having delivered the valuable trunk to the proper authorities, and bringing with him a most acceptable gift for his betrothed full and entire pardon of her brother.

the

Their marriage soon took place, and from that day forward Fernald never found cause to regret the journey he had taken with half a million of money.

From The Nineteenth Century. TRAINED WORKERS FOR THE POOR. BY MISS OCTAVIA HILL.

While Dorneck related the whole adventure to his sister, Fernald wrote. He announced to his chief, that Leon- A GREAT increase of sympathy with ard Dorneck had saved this immense sum of money by his coolness and bravery, and as a reward he demanded for him a passport, all in proper order, and a full pardon for his past misdemeanors. As soon as this was finished, he sent it off by a special messenger.

Fernald and Dorneck then went to the burgomaster, who, after glancing at Fernald's important document, asked no impertinent questions about the student, but took their depositions, which were necessary for the arrest of the two rascals.

the poor has taken place in England during the last few years, bringing forward countless devoted and industrious volunteers in all branches of work for the people. Their sympathy, their selfsacrifice, and their zeal are of priceless value; but many circumstances point. to the necessity of their being definitely trained. In old days, when our population was smaller, when parishes were more distinct from one another, when more of English life was in the country villages, district visiting was less work than neighborly kindness taking its natAfter this they were obliged to wait ural course in the flow of help to indiin this little town, and amuse them-viduals who had long been known, and selves as well as they could, until an the inclination to do loving and serviceanswer came from the great baron in able acts was sufficient qualification. Frankfort. Madame von Bernard had No inquiry was needed, all applicants now an opportunity to heap burning for alms were known; no precedent coals of fire on Fernald's head, and in seemed to be established by helping spite of this made him happier than he under given circumstances, these perhad ever been in his life. And when haps never repeated themselves; no the baron's answer came, in a few days, huge, baseless, unreasoning hope that

never could be fulfilled was called up to the others, one may lay down the general rules that time for preparation must be given; that fresh recruits should begin at the bottom and rise gradually, and that they should deliberately set themselves under those who have experience.

If it be true

by scattered almsgiving; nor was there the great yawning gulf of London into which the agricultural population might be enticed by the squandering of illconsidered gifts, or the wholesale gratuitous supply of necessary things which most men provide for themselves. A There will, then, arise the question few years ago when sanitary science, whether training is best in institutions social science, educational science were or in one's own home, and also as to in their infancy, and there were few what is the best point from which to people who had made a study of them, work, an institution or one's own home. native common sense was all the young So far as training is concerned, it is worker could trust to. Now, how manifest that the answer must be differchanged are all things! Who would ent in different cases. not scorn to offer the uninstructed nurs- that to be under experienced teachers ing which kindliness alone guides, is essential, new volunteers must go thinking of the subtle perfections of the where such are to be found, and those art which a trained nurse has? Who whose homes are inaccessible to such would dare to teach classes without centres must, for a time at least, transpreparation, knowing what is expected plant themselves to other neighborhoods of the humblest infant schoolteacher during the period of their training. If, in the smallest, most out-of-the-way on the other hand, their own homes are school. The advance of knowledge, within reach of leaders and teachers, and the massing of large bodies of peo- and they have the will and the power ple which absolutely demands organiza- to take up work among the poor, steadtion, alike point to the altered duties of ily, as their brothers prepare for their those who would be really serviceable. professions, if their home duties make them feel it right so to devote a regular, even if it be a small, part of their time, then I say, very deliberately, that in my estimation the training is best done from the natural home.

The problem, as it seems to me, is how to unite the fresh, loving, spontaneous, individual sympathy with the quiet, grave, sustained, and instructed spirit of the trained worker; it is, in fact, how to gain the wisdom, and increase, not lose, the love.

For, note, we are educating, not a mechanic to practise manual work, not a lawyer whose intellect must be developed and mind stored with facts, not a physician who must gather knowledge and dispense advice, but a worker who, though she may need a certain manual skill, and clear intellect, and knowledge, is primarily a human being who may use manual and mental power for the help and blessing of numbers of families. That being so, all will depend on what she is; unconscious as she Let us, then, suppose that a beginner may, and should be, of herself, her inis conscious of the need of preparation fluence will radiate from her like light -how is she to obtain it? In certain from a star; and we have yet to learn departments the courses of study and that there is any training for noble and procedure are too clearly laid down and gentle souls like that of family life. known for it to be necessary even to Besides all this, in my estimation the mention them-education and nursing work most needed now is in the homes are now among the skilled and certifi- of the people; and how are we to cated branches of work. With regard teach and help in the family, if the

First, we shall need patience. All fresh workers entering the field must say to themselves, "I must be humble, and work, and wait, and prepare."

Then, secondly, we must recognize that there must be special training, and it is only the extreme boldness of the wholly ignorant which induces them to rush in, confident in their good-will, with a temerity which it makes the more experienced tremble to sec.

and sisters-if the old household claims seem to us of little moment, and to be easily thrown aside for others? In my experience, those who are deeply imbued with the spirit of family life are those who best help the poor; in this spirit they meet on the great human ground, older than theories of equality, safer than our imaginings of fresh arrangements for the world, and fitter to inspire the noblest and the simplest sense of duty.

sacred duties to parents, to brothers own homes; whether, on the one hand, they had any lurking belief that life in a community was holier than life in a family; whether they had shrunk from the discipline and humility of fulfilling duties laid upon them, and preferred chosen duties; or whether, on the other hand, no home existing for them, they entered into joyful service of the poor, and what reflex of family and household duty life with fellow-workers opened out; or whether the daily duties of home being done by others, the devot tion to out-of-the-way poor districts seemed due from them, and, still remaining in near touch with, and full reverence for, home and family life, th they, as it were, kept a foothold, too, nearer the most desolate districts; or again whether they were new workers going, as to school or college, to gather knowledge, hereafter to be used when they return home.

Far be it from me to generalize, or to try to lay down a law as to what is best for any one — -let each see and judge for herself; but this I will say, that the deep honor for home-life is essential to the best kind of work for the poor now. Thrift? yes, if yoù like; education? —yes, if it be good; preparing girls for service, sanitary improvement, skilled nursing, country holidays, amusements, drill, open spaces, and fifty more things, all are valuable; but one spark of honor for and love of home, and sense of duty therein, if it were granted to you to fan it into life, would be a better gift, one more far-reaching in its influence, and bearing better fruit, without which all the other gifts are very poor-with which they will bring much good.

This belief of mine will very distinctly show what I feel with regard to deaconesses, settlements, and other groups of trained workers living apart from their homes. They may, and in many cases probably will, excel in what we may call the technical portions of their work, and will have, in certain ways, more weight in a district, from these being as a rule carried on more continuously; they form, moreover, a centre in many large towns where the poor live far from the rich. In such institutions will naturally be found those who have taken up work for the poor as their main duty in life, among whom will be, as a rule, probably, many of the more experienced workers and leaders; but whether, with all their technical advantages, residents in them can ever give the great crowning spiritual help in the home-life of the poor will depend on why and how those residents left their

Since, in the autumn of 1891, I brought before the public in the pages of this review the new scheme for district visiting in connection with the Women's University Settlement in Southwark, my thoughts have been turned, even more than before, to the question of training those who would work among the poor.

In the management of houses the duties are so responsible, and the knowledge needed so special, that I have always been obliged either to secure ladies with experience, or to put those who offer help through a long and careful course of preparation. They begin by serving under leaders, and by fulfilling the easiest and simplest duties; only after considerable time are they put in positions of trust. The necessities of the case, the absolute need of special knowledge, drove me either to give good training, or to leave my volunteers as mere kindly messengers between the more experienced workers and the tenants under their charge.

But directly that, as a member of the committee of the Women's University Settlement, I was in part instrumental in enrolling a body of visitors in the homes of the poor, I saw that they also would require definite, though different,

training. Each of them would be re-ell, has shown, in an unusual degree, sponsible for a small group of families knowledge of the subject, combined

with power of teaching. The near connection and continuous intercourse of the Settlement with the universities to which it owes its origin, bring it into touch with those who have received a university education, and who are likely to prove the most able of future work

in a given court or street, would be pledged to care for them wisely as well as kindly; but would not have the duties to owners, to local and sanitary authorities, nor the charge of money, accounts, and repairs, which are required for the management of houses, and which have formed so valuable a ers. The situation of the Settlement in means of education to my own workers. If they were to do the steady, thorough, real work they and we wished, they must have special preparation for it.

the heart of a large and poor district renders it useful to have helpers there, and they can there study questions affecting life in London, and can find ample sphere for practical effort. It is available as a teaching centre not only for residents, but for many ladies living at their own homes. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners and others having put under my charge a large number of houses for the poor in the immediate neighborhood, I am able to train and use in them those few ladies who prove qualified for, and inclined to, that form of helpfulness. Finally, it is the place where we who are deeply impressed with the need of raising the standard of qualification are at work, and can give the necessary supervision.

We found, as was to be expected, a certain number of women who had by steady work gained experience; but every year brings forward a fresh body of younger and ardent helpers, women of power developed by the better education now open to them, capable of becoming workers of a very high order, but absolutely without knowledge to deal with the problems they will have to face. Many of them, in their very eagerness to help, and their sense of maturity and power, are inclined to think first of being useful at once, and feel as if they had not now time to devote to preparation. This arises in great measure, however, from there being no training-place for those intending to live at home and take up work for the poor, no course of study sketched out for them by those of expe- (1) The Volunteers. These include rience, no definite requirements de- the large and ever-increasing number manded of those who would serve who desire to help wisely their poorer not even of those who would earn - in friends and neighbors, whether directly such fields of work. We are, with reas district visitors, on committees of gard to this most important and com- institutions, as members of district complicated matter, where we were with regard to nursing before Florence Nightingale qualified as a nurse, and before teachers were expected to pass through colleges and obtain certificates.

We consider that our scheme should be framed so as to meet the requirements both of volunteers and of those purposing to engage in work professionally.

mittees of the Charity Organization Society, or indirectly in their own households and on their own estates; and also those who should be ready to come forward to undertake more definite responsibilities as poor law guardians or members of school boards. There is, at present, no recognized qualified body of people to certify the training or fitness of candidates for such offices. One person tells some one else she knows It seemed to the committee that the Mrs. whom she thinks likely to Women's University Settlement was a do, and those who uphold women as very suitable place for such a course of women support her, or those who think training. The lady warden, Miss Sew-workhouses and district schools should

What appeared to the committee of the Women's University Settlement important was to set before the public a higher standard of what was requisite, and to render it possible for those who desire it to qualify themselves.

have at least some woman to see to the and has drawn up a list of books helpful hundreds of women and children they to those intending to take up work contain, gladly support any who will among the poor. come forward. It may be she is fit; it may be she is unfit; at any rate she has to learn laboriously, sometimes disastrously, what might have been taught her gradually, and under experienced leaders.

The committee recently heard that the trustees of the Pfeiffer bequest, which was left for the benefit of women and girls, had made grants to Girton, Somerville, and Newnham Colleges, available for scholarships. The com(2) Professional workers. The more mittee has, therefore, sent in an applivolunteer work increases, the more cation asking whether the trustees will need there is of a certain proportion of found two scholarships tenable at the paid work to keep it together. As the Women's University Settlement, the board of guardians, or bench of magis- value of each of which should be 50l. per trates, has its paid clerk; as the good annum, for the benefit of such women Charity Committee has its paid secre- as may be selected by the Settlement tary; as the choir has its choir-master; Committee in conjunction with any so most groups of volunteers have, and college or representative body whom must have, their paid worker. This the trustees may see fit to appoint. opens the way to a moderate income Such scholars to hold the scholarship for many women who have the care of for one, or better still for two years, the poor as much on their hearts as and to go through the course which may any volunteer. Give them training, be laid down for practical and theoretand they will become increasingly val-ical training. The Settlement is regisuable and valued. On many a Charity tered under the Limited Liabilities Act, Organization Committee, attached to as is Girton; and its constitution and many a parochial organization as managers of houses for the poor, how eagerly would trained workers be caught up, how valuable they would be!

The committee, therefore, determined to offer a course of training to women, resident or non-resident at the Settlement, but who are willing to prepare themselves steadily, and to pass through a given course as advised.

During the past year the visitors in the various districts have been not only doing and learning their practical duties, and growing into nearer friendship with their people, but have had opportunities of talking over with experienced workers what is best to be done with any family under their care.

by-laws have been settled by Lord Thring for the Association. It is governed by a committee elected by the various women's colleges; and there- ta fore, though it is only five years old, we think it might be entrusted with such scholarships.

But, if the trustees should unfortunately decide differently; if, as so often has happened before, individuals have to lead the way as pioneers who may dare to risk in order to show paths whereon the public hereafter walks securely, then we commend our scheme to the consideration of those who wish to secure sounder help for the poor, who would gladly promote this by providing the means of training for one or two of those earnest and willing of our younger workers, who, able to give their time to their poorer neighbors, and capable of forming centres of light and leading on their return to their homes, yet cannot afford to pay for a year's or two years' residence at the

With regard to theoretical study, Miss Margaret Benson has given a course of six lectures on capital and labor, cooperation, trade unions, etc. This course has been attended by from thirty to forty ladies. Miss Sewell has also given an elementary course on the various agencies at present existing in Settlement where they can get the Southwark, medical, educational, and needful preparation, and who, living recreative; on the Poor Law, the out of London, cannot come daily. Let School Board, the sanitary laws, etc.; those who can help think also of the