and the directions for their use are given with a scrupulous caution. Why have not we a work of real merit on this subject in our own language?

Gerardi Sandifort Tabule Anatomice. Anatomical Tables. Large Folio. Leiden.-The anatomical labours of the Sandiforts are well known, and this is not an unworthy scion from a respectable stock. The present collection will contain probably the morbid changes in the state of the body; and the two plates, of which the present number consists, represent an aneurysm of the internal iliac artery, which produced symptoms of nervous sciatica. The drawings, we perceive, are by the author; and the engravings are very neatly executed. No time is fixed for the appearance of the succeeding numbers.

C. Plinii Cæcilii secundi Epistolarum Libri decem. Pliny's Epistles, with Notes. By G. E. Gierig. Vol. I. Amsterdam. -Pliny's Epistles are not with us a very favourite work; and perhaps more labour has been bestowed on them than was necessary. The edition of Gesner was sufficiently satisfactory in every respect. Having, however, looked over the present volume, we must admit its superiority to Gesner's edition, as well as to that of Korte, which preceded it. The difficult passages are better explained, and the characters introduced more satisfactorily developed. The editor has endeavoured to ascertain with precision the sense of his author, and pointed out his defects as well as his beauties. He has added various philological observations, and the contents of those letters which were not so miscellaneous as to prohibit an abstract.

The dissertation prefixed to this volume, De Plinii Epistolis, is designed to show the influence of the classical authors on the moral characters of youth. The editor published an essay of this kind about two years since, on the Life, the moral Character and Literary Merit of the Younger Pliny,' in which he has attempted to prove, though we think with little success, that these letters contain a method, not difficult in practice, of rendering the manners of society more perfect and correct. The dissertation prefixed to the present volume is followed by a chronological view of the life of Pliny, from Mason; and the -prolegomena are concluded by a literary abstract of the manuscripts and editions quoted in the notes. The present volume contains the first five books, and is accompanied by a plate of the model of Pliny's villa, drawn by Krubsacius, an architect at Dresden.

ITALY.

12mo.

Ricerche sulle Cause, et sugli Effetti del Vajulo, &c. Inquiries into the Causes and Effects of the Small-Pox of Cows, known by the Name of the Cow-Pox, by Dr. Jenner. Accompanied with Notes, and the Relation of the Small-Pox observed among the Cows of Lombardy. By Dr. Luigi Careno. Pavia. We had determined to pass, unnoticed, the various publications on the cow-pox on the continent, as it was the same tale repeated, ad fastidium usque; yet we have altered our resolution with respect to this work, that we might extend the knowledge of a striking anomaly, or give occasion to the explanation of some error.

Dr. Careno of Vienna published some time since a Latin translation of the works of Dr. Jenner and Dr. Pearson; and the present volume is an Italian version of the same tracts. To this is added an account of a variolic eruption often observed on the udders of cows in Lombardy. It appears that the cows of Italy are exposed to this disease but once in their lives; that they even communicate it to other cows, who have not been before affected with it, but not to children who have not had the small-pox. It cannot therefore be employed for the inoculation of the vaccine.

Della Economia Fisica degli Antichi nel costruire le Città. On the Physical Economy of the Ancients in the Structure of their Cities. By Gaëtano of Angora. 8vo.-The present work is little known beyond the confines of Italy, and we cannot pay it the attention it merits; for the author renders an abstruse subject interesting; and, from the learning displayed in the illustrations, it becomes also instructive.

Our author considers, first, the general motives for the esta blishment of cities, and, when the population has become too numerous, the conduct of those who guide the emigrants or the colonists. These are the subjects of the introduction, which are expanded in the work itself. In the first chapter he treats of the investigation of springs and rivers, and of attempts to render sea-water potable. Contrary to the opinion of Vitruvius, he maintains that the discovery of springs has contributed more to social life than that of fire. This he proves by the existence of some hordes of savages who are not yet acquainted with fire. The indispensable necessity of water has, he thinks, occasioned many quarreis, and may have frequently been the origin of war. The denominations of many cities

contribute to support his hypothesis. The means of discovering springs is the subject of the rest of the chapter; and the second relates to the quality of the air, the temperature of the climate, and the winds. For the characters of a salubrious climate, the author refers to Pliny. The third, fourth, and fifth chapters are more interesting, as they combine modern discoveries with the ancient doctrines drawn from Pliny and Vitruvius. They relate to the causes of the alteration of climates, the infection of the atmosphere, and the means of remedying it, as well as of precautions to be observed in the choice of soil.

Roads, ports, walks, and public places, furnish numerous observations for the seventh chapter. The roads were always directed towards the cardinal points; and the ports were well chosen, because, in the coasting navigation of the ancients, every bay and its advantages were known. Brundusium, Carthage, and Alexandria, were constructed by the ancients; and light-houses were generally established. The construction of piers, as an artificial security, followed. At Ostia and Civita Vecchia we find some ancient remains of this kind. The public places and markets were usually covered, surrounded by galleries also covered. The stations or asylums for the poor were furnished with benches, couches, fire-places, and other conveniences. They were in time frequented by others also, and then were styled scola, in which warm liquors were sold, as in the thermopolia, an establishment not unlike our coffee houses. These scolæ soon

gave place to hospitals, which were built near the temples, and became sacred asylums. The sick, who recovered, left accounts of their diseases and remedies, from which tablets our author supposes that Pliny and Hippocrates derived a great share of their medical knowledge.

The two last chapters treat of the interior distribution of the houses, the furniture, &c. with the methods of keeping the cities clean. The ancients generally inhabited the ground floors, not to be obliged to mount the stair-cases, which were often uncovered, and to be near the galleries and entrances. The houses were separate, so as to be better ventilated, and in less danger of fire. Our author thinks that the ancients knew the property of pointed rods to guard against the effects of thunder. We shall pass over minuter arrangements, to speak of other methods of keeping the streets clean. The streets were raised like our causeways, with ditches on each side to carry off impurities; and religion came in aid of cleanliness, by rendering the person impure who had touched a dead body or any thing putrid. The same impressions led them to remove from the city every manufacture which could cause impurities, or produce disagreeable

miasmata, as tanners, curriers, &c. The places of interment were hills or distant caverns; and the law of the twelve tables, 'ne quis hominem in urbe sepeliret, neve ureret,' was extended by Adrian through every Roman city, with the exception only of famous men, of vestals, and emperors.

Dionis Cassii Historiarum Romanarum Fragmenta, cum novis earundem Lectionibus. A Jacobo Morellio, nunc primum edita. Bassano.-The eighty books of Dio Cassius's Roman History have been greatly corrupted and mutilated by the copyists, who have sometimes omitted details that they thought too long, sometimes whole passages which appeared to them superfluous and uninteresting. The best editions, therefore, which are those of Robert Stephanus and Reimarus, who had collated the MSS. in the Vatican and Florence libraries, are still defective and imperfect in a great degree. The library of Venice, however, contained a copy, whose merit had escaped even Bongio vani and Zanetti; for they only mention its title in their index of the MSS. of the Venetian library.

It was reserved for the learned librarian Morelli to enrich ancient literature with this new discovery. Having learned that M. J. A. Penzel was preparing in Germany a new edition of Dio Cassius, to which these fragments would be a valuable supplement, he inserted a description of the manuscript, and an account of its value in the preface.

The manuscript appears to be of the eleventh century, and begins towards the middle of the forty-fourth book, at the thirtysixth line of the forty-fourth page of Reimarus, and finishes with the sixtieth book, p. 965, line 93. It would render the Florentine edition complete, which leaves off at the end of the fiftieth book, as well as that of the Vatican, which concludes at the fifty-fourth. It contains many various readings hitherto unknown; but its principal merit consists in the fragments which supply the deficiencies in the fifty-fifth book, one of the most imperfect of the whole. These supply the hiatus in the edition of Reimarus.

The first fragment treats of the temple of Mars raised by Augustus, of the games and spectacles given at Rome and Naples, and of the other events of the year 752, A. U. C. The second relates chiefly to the enterprises of D. Enobarbus against the Marcomanni and other nations on the Rhine, to the changes in the government of Armenia, to the deaths of Caius and Lucius, the adopted sons of Augustus, and to the other events of the years 754 and 5. Morelli has given a Latin version of these two frag ments, with some notes, which display considerable erudition.

Analecta Critica in Anthologiam Græcam, cum Supplemento nigrammatum maximam Partem ineditorum, collegit 7. G. Hu ke. 8vo. Jena.-M. Jacobs, to whom we are indebted for new editions of Brunck's Analecta, with commentaries and various elucidations of different kinds, has communicated to the editor a collection of pleasing Greek epigrams, hitherto inedited, with several published subsequent to Brunck's Analects and critical remarks. The work commences by critical analects, in which the author again examines some epigrams commented on by others, proposes some new readings, with philosophical, critical, and historical observations.

The new collection commences at page 190, and the greater number is satirical. Some have been preserved entire of others there are fragments only. The volume concludes with a double table-1. of the inedited epigrams and other pieces; 2. of authors commented on, of words, and things.

Del Luogo natale di Virgilio, &c. Of the Birth place of Virgil, a Memoir of L. Casali. 4to. Mantua.-The ancients. have uniformly said that Virgil was born at Andes; for this place the marquis Maffei has sought in the Veronese, in the environs of Cavriana and Volta. The historian Visi supposed it to be at Rivalta, seven leagues from Mantua. The present author endeavours to show that each is in an error, and that the ancient Andes is the modern Pietole. This is not a new opinion; but the sentiments of the authors first mentioned had so much weight, as to occasion some hesitation in the minds of Italian antiquaries, which signor Caseli has endeavoured to remove, not altogether without success.

Parnasso degl' Italiani viventi, &c. The Parnassus of living Italian Poets. 6 Vols. 8vo. -This series has been continued after different intervals, and is, in general, respectable from the choice of the authors, and the merit of the selections. We cannot particularise every bard who adorns this bouquet, but shall enumerate a few of the most eminent, and the latest.

The first three volumes contain the poems of Lorenzo Pignotti, the Italian La Fontaine, whose fables and other poems have passed through from eighteen to twenty editions, in Italy. Of these volumes, the first comprises his pieces which are already known, together with six others which had never before made their appearance. The second comprehends some additional fables, a beautiful ode, and an imitation of a novel of Voltaire's, entitled The Three Manners. In the third, the editor has collected all the other poems of Pignotti. Among the latter, we have particularly noticed a beautiful poem, entitled La Tomba di Shakspeare, The Tomb of Shakspeare, and a good imitation of the second epistle of the second book of Horace.

The poems of Savioli were at first received with a general enAPP. Vol. 34.