become fatherless, And his wife become a widow], by his speedy death, the implication being that he has been condemned to capital punishment for the wicked administration of his office. Str. III. Syn. couplets.-10. Let his children wander about and beg Let them be banished from their desolate homes]. The last line is after G, V, which is more suited to the context than H, followed by EV., "seek (their bread) out of their desolate places"; for the former represents that they have been driven forth from their desolate homes by creditors in accordance with the subsequent context, and gives the reason why they are homeless wanderers and altogether destitute. The latter simply represents them as seeking a home and food in desolate parts; strange places in which to beg for food. Several moderns seek a better sense from by rendering "far from their ruined home," which is quite possible, and certainly an improvement on EV'.-11. Let a creditor strangers]. The creditors, especially as foreigners, | not subject to the restrictions of Hebrew law, take advantage of his condemnation to death and appear upon the scene; whether with just claims or not, it matters little, for they will be sustained by the wicked judge, to whom they will give a share in their spoil; and their victim is helpless in their hands. — strike him for what he hath | take his labour as spoil]. They seize upon his possessions, and take to themselves all that he has laid up by his labour, by his wicked and unscrupulous dealings with others. Str. IV. Syn. couplets.-12. Let him have none that extendeth kindness]. Ordinarily in such a case a man has some friends or neighbours who sympathize with him and are kind to him; especially if he has been a man of rank and position, his sudden fall from so great a height of wealth and power excites the pity even of strangers. But this man was so wicked that even this would be withheld from him; and still further his children would share in his reprobation; And let there be no favour to his orphans], after he had suffered capital punishment for his crimes.—13. Let his posterity be for cutting off]. His orphaned children are not only to be reprobates, banished from home; but their doom is also a speedy death, as the context indicates, because of destitution from exposure and hunger. || In a generation let his name be blotted out. His posterity are not to extend beyond the genera tion then living; with their death the name of their father would no longer be on the earth. G, V, have "one" before generation, H, Aq., Σ, J, "another" or "next," both of which are probably interpretations; although they may have been variant readings, for in Heb. the words differ only by a single letter, which is easily mistaken. There can be little doubt that the text of G, I, “his name," the name of the guilty father, is to be preferred to "their name" of, that of the children who had not yet made themselves a name. Str. V. A syn. and a synth. couplet.-14. The iniquity of his fathers the sin of his mother]. It is here assumed that the wicked ruler had wicked parents, both on the male and on the female side. The guilt of these parents, not yet adequately atoned for, is imprecated upon him.-Let (it) be remembered || not be blotted out], from memory, and so estimated in the amount of retribution. — 15. Let them, these sins, be in the sight of Yahweh continually], so that He will never lose sight of them or overlook them, with the purpose That He may cut off his memory from the earth], exterminate him, the wicked man and his name, as v. and not "their memory," that of his ancestors, as by an easy copyist's mistake. 136 and Vrss. A liturgical addition was ultimately made to the Ps. to make it more suitable for public worship.—30-31. I will give thanks to Yahweh, exceedingly with my mouth. In the midst of the multitude will I praise Him. For He standeth at the right hand of the poor, To save from the adversaries of his life]. Public praise in the congregation of Israel will be given to Yahweh for His salvation of His people from the wicked oppressor. He stands at their right hand as advocate, in antithesis with the adversary at the right hand of the wicked. The wicked judge would in his unrighteousness condemn Israel, were it not for their divine advocate, because the adversaries of his life are also there. The term "adversaries" of the Ps. is more probable than "judges" of and Vrss. CIX. A. 1. ɔnban vabe] so 3, Aq., 2, S; phr. a.λ., but . A. R. T ỏ beds tǹv alveolv pov, Deus, laudem meam, Traw ombx.—2. yyp] interp. by sug gests that we should rd. y; so Hare, Houb., De W., Hi., Now., Bä., Valeton. Buty prob. refers to an individual, whether Antiochus as Bar. Heb., or some other tyrant. At all events, I. is a prosaic gl. —nne] but . A. R. T, J, Du., more prob.; both interp. of an original and. - Je., Ez.; with, not against. — 3. Dan N] phr. of E, P, is a gl. continuing through v.5a, as 3821, due to júʊ v.3. ] Bä., Valeton, after S .3821 312 from [רעה תחת טובה - .improb וישלמוני,.Bi., Che ;וְיָשִׁיבוּ פרעוני 6. CIX. B. ] Hiph. imv. p Hiph. appoint, make overseer, 85 c. by as Gn. 394 Je. 110 Nu. 150 + 9 t. — ‡ 199] n.m. adversary; not Satan as Zc. 31. 2. 2 Jb. 16+ 13 t.; cf. v.4. — 7. y] as N. A. R. T, S, T, I, one condemned as wicked.p] although sustained by Vrss., improb. as Is. 287 is better suited to context. Che. suggests noihe; N] guilt of sin, cf. 321 ] pl. elsw. Ec. 51.-ne] ↑ app n.f. office, charge, as Nu. 416 (P) LOкomǹy, so Acts 129; 3 episcopatum; but ཝཱt but 407. — 8. 1 Ch. 2630 2 Ch. 2318. THY BDB., Du., store as Is. 157.-9. ] needs vb. to complete 1.; prob. avan as Che.-10. gn] inf. abs. is a gl. of intensification, making 1. too long. is more suited to context, as Kenn., Street, Horsley, Houb., Bä., Ecker, Valeton.-] has two tones: prep. from with vb. 1; if with ¬ not out of but away from. 7277 n.f. waste, ruin, of cities 97, here from context of dwellings, home.-11. gr] vb. as 3818 strike at, 6. A. R. T, I, p. Qal ptc. creditor, usurer, elsw. Ex. 2224 (E) 2 K. 41 Is. 242 501.-] coörd. with juss. vb. spoil a.λ., but common elsw.-13. his end. ] his posterity Gas 3787, but S, I, T, 17] so Aq., 2, 2, 3; but 78 8. A. R. T, Y, Houb., Horsley, Du., Che; prob. both interpretations.] but y, J, Horsley, Che., more prob. -14.] makes 1. too long and is a gl.-15. ] pl. sf. improb.; rd., cf. v.136. 16. CIX. A. a gl. as a seam, connecting the two Pss.-] Niph. † vb. be disheartened, BDB., as Dn. 1130. Hiph. Ez. 1322 (?); but cf. 7 Pr. 1513 1722 1814, Is. 662. (*. Α. R. Τ κατανενυγμένον τῇ καρδίᾳ, 3 conpunctum corde, Aq., Σ, ñen\nyμévov Tŷ kapdíą, Hi., Bä., rd. 27b7 No. 17. mona yon x]. This makes a complete 1. || v.16a, with which it originally formed introverted parall. It was transposed, and assimilated to its antith. by adding two words, pan, at the expense of the measure. — n.f. curse, as Dt. 1126 + 10 t. D. It is repeated in v.18 because of its separation from v.17a. The original was prob. 8.-18. [12] n.m. garment, as Ju. 316 +.-19. †] n.m. girdle BDB., Egyptian loan word, elsw. Is. 2310, but dub., cf. † Jb. 1221. -20. ] is prob. a gl., although v.19-20 are a late addition to Ps. -21.] conflation, prob. of Kt. and Qr.; but with the omission of the 1. is still too long. Doubtless is a seam, and is more prob.— 22.] phr. 3510 3714 4018 706 7421 861.-] so Aq., I, vulnera a gl. of pleading. — ] T, Bä., ] tum; but N. A. T Terápaктaι, V conturbatum est, so S = ↳ Qal impf. ran writhe in anguish, as 555, Gr., Kau., Che., Valeton, is more prob. — 23. Niph. a.λ., i.p. prob. assimilated to . Qal is used in the sense required here.] Niph. ‡ as Jb. 3818 Ju. 1620 be shaken out. Pi. shake off, Ps. 13615 as Ex. 1427 (J) Ne. 518-77] is improb., though sustained by Vrss.; for locust may be shaken up and down, to and fro, by the wind, and so rendered helpless; but the vb. has not this mng., and the context does not suggest a storm. Rd. 727 18ɔ as the light of day grows stronger. 24. ving] vb. Qal a.λ.; Pi. cringe 1845, a sense inappropriate here. N. A. R. THλλown di xalov, immutata est propter oleum, 3 mutata est, so S; T 1700, Σ væd ȧλelas. The context suggests the prep. and the Qal ptc. n of win as one hasting away. 25 is a gl.; the first 1. from 3112, cf. 794 8942, the second from 22.-26. 7]. As this 1. is too short, rd. 7707 210 as v.216, with which it is ||. — 28. This and the following vb. are prob. juss. of imprecation, as they are gls. of the final editor; although it is possible to take them as indicatives. — and as in antith. make 1. tetrameter, as the mate is; not surprising if a gl., although it is against the measure of both original Pss. — so J, followed by consec. of pf. may be interpreted as prot. and apod. of temporal or conditional clause; but oi èravioтavóμevol poi aio xvvońτwσava is better suited to the context and more prob.; so Du., Gr., Bä., Kau., Ehr., Valeton. —29. ‡yp] n.m. robe, a.λ. 4, but common elsw.; fig. of attribute Is. 5917 6110 Jb. 2914.—31. pp] but ✪N. A. R. T, S, V, JD, which makes more suitably obj. of vb. It seems best to rd. your, the common term of these gls., v.4. 20. 29. = ]. PSALM CX., 2 STR. 55. Ps. 110 is a didactic Messianic Ps. (1) The Psalmist lets David cite an utterance enthroning his lord at the right hand of Yahweh, with a strong sceptre to overcome his enemies. People volunteer for the war in multitudes like dewdrops at dawn (v.13). (2) He cites an oath of Yahweh, making him priest forever (v.). He goes forth to war, overcomes kings and nations, and is exalted in victory (v.5-7). UTTERANCE of Yahweh to my lord: "Sit enthroned at My right hand, With the rod of thy strength rule in the midst of thine enemies." Volunteers on the sacred (mountains) are thy people, in the day of thy host. From the womb of the morn come forth to thee the dew of thy youth. YAHWEH hath sworn, He is not sorry: "Thou art a priest forever.” My (lord) at (His) right hand doth smite in the day of His anger. (An inheritance) on the way he maketh it, therefore he is exalted. Ps. 110 was in, then in f (v. Intr. §§ 27, 31). It was not used in DR. The Ps. in its present form is very late: (a) The words 7 for a v.3, are late formations, but the latter is a gloss and the by for by v. ,הרבי former an error for v.4b is based על דברתי מלכי צדק The sentence (6) 4 on the story of Melchizedek Gn. 14, which many critics regard as a postexilic midrash, and also gives an explanation involving an anxiety to distinguish this priesthood from the Aaronic, and so the period of the supremacy of the priestly Law. But this being a gloss, it does not give evidence as to the original Ps. (c) There is a reference v. to the story of Gideon's men lapping water Ju. 74-8; but it is doubtful whether such a reference was in the original text. On the basis of these, many scholars refer the Ps. to the Maccabean times and to Jonathan, Hi., Ols., Bä., cf. 1 Mac. 1020, or to Simon. The suggestion of G. Margoliouth that Simon's name is in the letters beginning certain lines of the Ps. p, though suggested independently by Bi. and sustained by Du., Charles, al., is based on arbitrary arrangement, and is against the usage of acrostics (v. Kö. Einleitung, S. 404). There are insuperable objections to any of the Maccabean princes. (a) They were not of the posterity of David, and the hopes of the nation as to the Davidic dynasty could not in fact gather about them. The Psalter of Solomon 1728 sq, in the first century B.C., looks for a son of David, and not for a Maccabean. The utterance and oath of Yahweh v.1 refer to the covenant of David 2 S. 7 Ps. 27 and the oath of Yahweh 894.36.50 13211. None but a son of David could enter into the mind of a Jewish poet. The reference to the Davidic covenant also favours the view that it is the Davidic dynasty that the poet has in mind, the seed of David of Nathan's prediction. The glorification of the dynasty at its covenant institution was the greatest glorification that could be given to any of the line of succession in that dynasty. We are obliged, therefore, to go back to the time of the Davidic dynasty, unless we regard the Ps. as altogether ideal. (b) The priest here is a king, or at least a sovereign lord. The Maccabeans were born priests of the line of Aaron before they attained sovereignty. They were not instituted as priests by divine oath. It was least of all appropriate to speak of any of them as a priest after the order of Melchizedek, implying not after the order of Aaron. In fact, it is just this that is emphasized, that the priest is not a priest as such, of an order of priests; but a priest in the more primitive sense, when a king like Melchizedek could be priest although he was king. The conception of the monarch as priest is a primitive conception, earlier than the establishment of the Aaronic priesthood of P, earlier even than the Deuteronomic conception of the Levitical priesthood, just such a conception as that in the earliest historical documents, of Jethro Ex, 216 31 181 (JE) and of princes 2 S. 818 2025 1 K. 45 (Judaic sources). The Ps. must therefore be pre-Deuteronomic. The words "after the order of Melchizedek" destroy the measure of the Ps. and are a gloss, giving an explanatory distinction, made necessary when the Aaronic priesthood filled the minds of the people and a Ps. using this ancient terminology needed to be explained. Gr. refers the Ps. to Jeshua, the great high-priest of the Restoration, in |