Cast upon Yahweh thy lot and He will sustain thee,
He will not forever suffer the righteous to be moved.

23. Cast upon Yahweh thy lot], cf. 22o 375; an exhortation to take up the burden of trouble and cast it upon Yahweh, that He might bear it for them. This is the lot, portion, or way, assigned one in this life, however difficult it may be. - He will sustain thee], give personal support in the trouble, enabling to endure it. This is enforced by an antithetical couplet, gnomic in character: He will not suffer the righteous to be moved]. They will be enabled to bear their burdens, endure the lot given them to endure, and will stand firm under it, not tottering from their position.-forever]. The sustaining will go on and the restraint from trouble without ceasing.

24. But, O Thou, Yahweh], strong antith.- bring them down to the Pit of Sheol]. The final imprecation wishes them to descend by a violent deed of God into the Pit, the place of punishment in Sheol. — Men of blood and deceit], such as the false friend described above and the treacherous enemies in the city.

· Let them not live out half their days]. This in the original was doubtless jussive as the context requires, and not indicative, "will not live," as H, Vrss., because of the gl.-24 c. But as for me, I trust in Thee], certainly a more appropriate conclusion for a Ps. used in public worship.

A series of glosses was inserted v.

17-20:

But as for me, unto God will I call, and Yahweh will save me.

Evening and morning and at noon I will make complaint and moan;

And He heard my voice, He ransomed me in peace,

From the battle that I had: for with many were they against me.
May 'El hear and answer them, even He that is enthroned of old!
There are no changes for them that fear not God.

17-18. But as for me]. The Jewish nation speaks here a vow of worship.- unto God will I call], in supplicatory prayer, and this in the syn. line at the three hours of daily prayer of later Judaism, evening and morning and at noon. -I will make complaint and moan]. The prayer is a complaint for the evils experienced from enemies, and moaning in the pain involved in them. The prayer is not doubtful of its result, Yahweh will save me], that is, by giving victory over these enemies. And he heard my

voice]. This begins a new line, and should not be attached to previous line, as a consequence of its petition, against the measure. It refers to a deliverance already experienced as a basis for a plea for another act of deliverance.-19. ransomed me in peace]. The peace is peace from war, the ransom is from enemies; and so it is defined, from the battle that I had], doubtless in the Maccabean wars in which the Jews had won the victory, and that notwithstanding the fact that: with many were they against me]. Their enemies had been very numerous. This is therefore a later gl., with no original connection with its context.-20. 'El], the ancient divine name, || He that is enthroned of old], the King of Israel, enthroned on His heavenly throne, reigning as their king from the most ancient times. These are poetic expressions which do not suit the method of the Maccabean editor. They, with the imvs. hear || answer, were probably a gloss, which the Maccabean editor found and adapted to his purpose by interpreting the latter vb. as from another stem meaning "humble," or "afflict," thinking of the enemy thus as humbled by defeat and slaughter. The Vrss. and interpreters find great difficulty with this v.- There are no changes for them]. The enemies have no changes of fortune to expect; they will meet the same defeat in the future as in the past, because they fear not God]. Only the God-fearing people may expect salvation and victory.

LV. A.

2. ] Hiph. imv. cohort., v. 5.-on] for original, as usual in E.-oby] Hithp. juss. by Ges.54. (3) k. — ninn] v. 610 119170. — 3. 777] Hiph. impf. † vb., cf. Arab. stem, go to and fro; Qal Ho. 121 ( otherwise) Je. 231 (txt. err., prob. 17); Hiph. Gn. 2740 show restlessness (dub. BDB.). There is no certain use of the form in Heb. Here has ¿λuπhoŋv,

contristatus sum, and 3 humiliatus sum, which favour an original 7, as Is. 153. — ?] 1 sg. sf. ‡ny n.m. (1) plaint, complaint, so 64a 1021 1423, elsw. Pr. 2329 Jb. (5 t.); other mngs. dub. in only, (2) muse 10434, as 1 K. 1827 (E). The word should be at the end of 1. for rhyme in. ] dub. BDB., as most, Hiph. cohort. † [or] show disquietude, elsw. Mi. 212 (of fold and pasture); but Hi., De., Now., Qal be driven about, distracted; elsw. Dt. 723 discomfit by defeat; Lag., Gr., Bu., ps, as v.18; Du. Niph. pins, as I S. 45 Ru. 119 1 K. 145 be in a stir. In all these cases the form is cohort. and must be given a modal force not easy in the context. Ols., Che., Bä., rd. pa, as 77, √nen; Lag., Gr., Bu., Dr., a VADA,

which is favoured by ☎ éτapáx0ŋv, I conturbatus, v.18 and Ps. 39.

makes

the sentence close here, but 6, 3, make the subsequent context depend on this vb. —4. ny] cstr. pg n.f. a.λ. pressure, √py Aram. press a.λ. Am. 218 (txt. err. for p1). The only other form from this stem in Heb. pyn n.f. a.λ. Aramaism Ps. 6611, ☞ Oxifeis, tribulationes. Here Yews, I persequentis, interpret npy as npyn, and that is best suited to context. npys, suggested by Ol., Dy., Now., is syn. with p; but the sense cry of distress suits not the wicked adversary, but rather the singer of the Ps. It is easier to think of a defectively written ny cstr. † n.f. distress Is. 822 306 Pr. 127; the substitution of Aram. for Heb. form easy for a later scribe.py:] Qal impf. † [] vb. Qal cherish animosity against, c. acc. pers., as Gn. 2711 (J) 4923 (Poem) 5015 (E) Jb. 169 3021. This v. is of different measure from its context and is an explanatory gl. -5. ] emph. in position.-] Qal impf. descriptive, writhe in pain, √in, as 7717 97*.—now] pl. ‡apy n.f. terror, poetic word, elsw. 4, 8816; cf. Ex. 1516 Dt. 3225.-] dittog. of previous word, as Che.-6. Not in B. † n.m. elsw. Ex. 1515. It belongs in the next 1. for measure.— p] consec. impf. after impf., improb. here; rd. coörd. It was interp. as result of previous movement. —trase] n.f. shuddering, as Is. 214 Ez. 718 Jb. 216; but N. R. T. A σKÓTOS, nihy, so J caligo, tenebrae, so Z, Gr., Che., but Σ øplêŋ.-7. 81] prosaic gl., as often; not usual in poetry.—] wish, as 147 = 537, should close the 1. for rhyme. —†18] n.m. pinions of dove, elsw. eagle Is. 4081 Ez. 178. – ]n.f. dove, elsw. 561 6814. A new l., as Che., and not as MT. at close of 1.] coörd. Qal cohort. 5 for an original, required for rhyme.-8. ] Hiph. impf. pn (2212), although not cohort. in form must, between cohortatives of v.7.9, be cohort. in mng. Prob. the cohort. ending has been omitted by an early copyist.—7] Qal inf. cstr. obj. previous vb., which has force of auxiliary or adverb. It should have sf. for rhyme in.—9.

but pooedexbuŋv,

] Hiph. cohort. vn (2220) hasten; so Aq., 0, Σ, I, expectabam = ¬bns Hiph. ↳n (3125), so S. —upp] a.λ. n.m. acc. obj. escape, Hu., Bä., or acc. direction, taking previous vb. as intrans. haste; place of escape, We., Du.; but тòv σúšovтá μe, so S, V, implypp Pi. ptc. (1713), cf. 1442. is most prob.

LV. B.

]

yo] a.. ptc. no rushing, as in cognate Syr. and Arab. stems, BDB., but dub.; • ¿λıyo¥vxlas, V pusillanimitate spiritus = ¬ys, as Is. 5114, but this is improb.; 3 spiritu tempestatis; Aq., O, λaiλarúdovs. Gr., Hu., Dy., rd. po n.f. storm wind 8316 Am. 114 Na. 18. It is prob. txt. err., variation of ton.m. tempest, elsw. 8316 Am. 114 Jon. 14. 12 Je. 2319 2582 3023.-10. Pi. imv. (2110) attached to this 1. as 9 (4814), although pointing of latter attracted to former, Ges.52 (2) n; but rd. prob. a, as 526, because it is dependent on. It is prob. that we have conflation here. y yo is expl. of The is then instrumental, qualifying

מרוח סער The original was רוח סעה

] refer to Gn. 1025. — 11.

the following vb. —
] phr.,
cf. by 107 9010. — 12. man] v. 510, rightly attached to previous 1. by 6 ;
necessary to complete its measure.-] improb. repetition, not in G.
A word is, however, needed for measure. It was prob. n. The copyist
was confused between the two words, and attaching one to this 1. he naturally
used ; whereas if one were attached to the previous 1. he would have
used man. —p;] Hiph. impf. freq. ‡ v Qal depart, not in . Hiph. trans.
remove, not in ; but intrans. here, as Ex. 1322 3311 Na. 31 +.-appi qir]
cf. 107. —18.
] emph. in position. takes it as conditional; but
context favours H, J. — 1277] Pi. impf. freq., prob. relative clause.—NNI]
the apod. as 6, only of an implicit, not explicit, prot. as Dr., and not subord.
as I ut sustineam, so Bä. The l. is defective, needing up as truly as syn. 1.
N here in the sense of lift up the foot in going away, betake oneself away,
get away, so 139o, as Gn. 291; not bear, endure, which is against the syn. vb.
-] as 3526 3817. 2 adds 2, as 4110, but it makes 1. too long and
indeed is out of place there.-14. ] emph. antith. — ‡77%] n.m. (1) or-
der, row, not in 4, but (2) estimate, valuation, of like estimation with myself,
only here. oo] adj. (1) tame, of animals; docile, of lamb Je. 1119, of
cows Ps. 14414 (usually as thousand); (2) of friends, intimates, here as
Mi. 75 Je. 34 1321 Pr. 217 1628 179, but 6 yeμŵr μov, V dux_meus =
] is prosaic gl.-p] Hiph.

Ex. 1515. —y] as 3112 889. 19.-15.

as ,אֲלוּפִי :

impf. I pl. freq. † [pnn] denom. be or become sweet; Qal Ex. 1525 Pr. 917 Jb. 2188, suck Jb. 2420 (?); Hiph. Jb. 2012, with D only here. ☛ édéoμaтa

=

-is a gl. of defini [בבית אלהים - .5 vb. as סער n. a.A. from סער or צַיִד either

tion.] a.. company, companionship, or concord, G èv òμovola, v. mwan 643, a 21. — 16. ] Kt. a.λ. pl. [¬py;] n.f. desolation √ improb., Hiph. impf. defective for √

=

beguile,

Qr. np, as, V, J;
Ges.74 (3); Niph. be beguiled Is. 1913; Hiph. beguile, c. acc. pers. Gn. 313 (J)
Je. 379 4916 Ob.3. 7 2 K. 1910 Is. 3710 2 Ch. 3215; sq. 2 K. 1829 = Is. 3614
Je. 410 298; c. by only here, pregnant, implying descent, Ges.119 (4). G, V, I,
give the vb. the mng. come upon, which is prob. paraphrase.] archaic
poetic sf. There is a reference to Nu. 1633. It is possible therefore that with
Brüll we should rd. p.-] n. sf. 3 pl. † [p] n.[m.] sojourning
place, elsw. pl. Jb. 1819, ' ¬ Gn. 178 28 367 371 Ex. 6a (P) Ez. 2038, ́n v
Gn. 47o, ́p Gn. 479. Ps. 11954. But 6, S, have pl., and it seems
prob. that the form has been attracted to apa. There are in this v. three
trimeters, and the clause with is doubtless a gl.-17. The use of in E
is improb. It is in 6, J, and is doubtless original, though has ons only.
It indicates that the entire v. is a gl.-18. ] Qal cohort. m (67). —
p] coörd. Qal impf. also cohort. ¬¬ (397), v. v.3. —] consec.
result of prayer; goes with p of next v. makes both impfs. and inter-
prets as conjunctive; so Gr., Du., We. These vbs. are usually regarded as
pfs. of certainty.-19. ] n.m. battle, war, as v.22 6831 789 1441 Zc. 143
Jb. 3823 Ec. 918, so Ra., Ki., EV3., Now., Du.; but Vrss. Qal inf. cstr. ap draw
nigh, Hi., De., Bä. But the former is favoured, if the 1. begins here. — ??]

The is taken as

essentiae by Bä., Dr., after 2, 3; but 6 év Toλλoîs, so Du., Now.-] against me, as Σ τpòs éμé, I adversum me, cf. Dy 9416. 20. ] conj. Qal impf. sf. 3 pl. ~ answer, as usual after you. But KAI TAĦELVŴOEL avтoùs, I humiliabit eos, so S.

The sf. is often .ענה .Pi יְעַנֵּמי

an interp. and is prob. incorrect. It really refers to the psalmist. The orig inal was without sf. —non] pl. ‡ [7925] n.f. change (1) of garment Gn. 4522. 22 Ju. 1419; (2) relays 1 K. 528 Jb. 1017, or relief from service Jb. 1414. We may think of changes of character here in accord with (1) Now., or of changes of fortune, vicissitudes, in accord with (2) Calv., Dr., Kirk., al. — 21. vphy] for "ow win 4110, cf. inbw 75, possibly here ph; G èv tập ảπodidóval, F in retribuendo, interp. as Pi. inf. cstr. by recompense (2226), but I pacifica sua.—] as 8985 Mal. 210.-22. ] Qal be smooth, a.λ. (Ho. 102 from other stem, so here); Hiph. v. 510.—ns] a.λ. pl. cstr. butter-words for usual n.f. curd, curdled milk, not in ; but dub., as Vrss. take as prep. 1, which is most prob.; point therefore spng. Gȧnd óрyîs TOÛû πроσŵпоν aνтоû rd. v neng from n n.f. burning anger, so S, V, but other Vrss. as H; V is prob. correct, as vb. is pl. —7] Qal pf. 3 pl. † [157] vb. be tender, soft: (1) of heart, fearful Is. 74 Je. 5146 Dt. 203; softened, penitent, 2 K. 2219 = 2 Ch. 3427; (2) of treacherous words, only here. Pu. be softened with oil Is. 16; Hiph. caus. of Qal (1), Jb. 2316. — ninng] a.λ.; pl. [^n^ẹ] n [f.] drawn sword; why not Qal ptc. pl. ring, as Qal for drawing swords 3714.-23. ] Hiph. imv. 7, cf. 229 375, all

b. in E evidence that not only this word, but entire v. is a gl. 137] a.λ. n.m. sf. 2 m. lot, Aramaism, BDB.; & тhy μépiμváv σov, dub.; 727 Qal impf. 227, as Aq., 2, Quinta, Sexta, ȧyanýσeɩ oe, I caritatem tuam. But this vb. also Aramaism; in OT. only Dt. 338. In any case the word is late and another evidence of glossator. —] emph. demonst.-] Pilp. impf. fut. ‡→ vb. Pilp. sustain, support; elsw. acc. pers. Gn. 4511 5021 (E) Zc. 1116+, acc. rei Ps. 1125. — ‡] n.m. shaking, obj. 171, as 669, cf. 1213; cf. vb. (106). — 24. ] emphatic change of pers.-] n.f. pit, specif. here and 6916, the Pit of Sheol = (716), which Bä., Du., rd. —ɲngi] v. 716. 269 593 13919 Pr. 2910.—3] Qal impf. ‡737 vb. denom. half, so halve, divide in half; cf. Is. 3028. —72 na ] 6 had ¬¬ also, but improb. in E, and even then 1. is too short. Du. adds also, necessary if 1. be original; but it is doubtless a gl.

[אנשי דמים —

=

PSALM LVI., 4 STR. 63, RF. 33.

Ps. 56 is a national prayer for deliverance from enemies : (1) petition that Yahweh will be gracious because of the enemy who is fighting them and treading them down (v24); (2) that He will weigh out retribution to them for their crafty lying in wait for Israel's life (v.6-8); (3) assurance that the enemy will be defeated