WOOL.

England and Wales, feed 36 millions of sheep, each of which yields, on an average, a fleece of four pounds weight, or 144 millions of pounds, which, at 1s. per pound, is worth £7,200,000. These, manufactured, produce £20,000,000, (857,600,000, estimating $4,80 to the £,) per annum to the manufacturers.

COTTON.

The amount of Cotton manufactured in Great Britain in 1781, was only 5 millions pounds; in 1800, it had increased to 86 millions pounds; in 1820, to 147 millions pounds; in 1830, to 250 millions pounds. The annual value is not less than 36 millions pounds sterling, ($172,800,000.) The wages paid, £22,000,000 sterling, ($105,600,000,) and the manufacturers employ 1,250,000 persons. In Manchester alone, 187,000 persons are engaged in the Cotton trade. STATEMENT OF COTTON SPUN IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES IN 1831.

COMPARATIVE

In Switzerland, Cotton yarn No. 40, costs 144d. sterling (26 cents) per lb. when Cotton is 8d. The wages of spinners are 4s. 5d., while in England, in similar mills, they are 8s. 4d.

In India, a new Cotton Mill has been put in operation, twelve miles above Calcutta.

The total amount of licensed Breweries in England, is 1,753; and the number licensed for the general use of Beer, and who brew their own, is 13,102. The Brewers in Scotland are 216, and about the same in Ireland. The annual export of Beer from the United Kingdom, amounts to 70,136 barrels; of which 28,881 goes to the East Indies, and 13,461 to the West Indies. The amount of duty on Malt in 1832, was £4,976,694 19s. 9d., (about 24 millions of dollars.) The number of bushels used in distillation in the same period, was about 4 millions.

BANKRUPTCIES.

The number of Bankruptcies in England, in 1831, was 1,886; in 1822, 1,722. Total in 11 years, 19,376.

CHOLERA IN FRANCE.

The sum of 1,277,860 francs, was expended by the French government, during the prevalence of this disease, last year; 229,534 persons were attacked, and 94,665 died. In Paris, 1 out of 33 of the whole population died

LANGUAGES.

The number of languages spoken in Europe is 587, in Asia 937, in Africa 476, in America 1,064; making a total of 3,064.

HINT TO AUTHORS.

Books are so fast multiplying in this enlightened age, that it is impossible for a person who devotes a large portion of his time to literary pursuits, to read even a moiety of those which are published in his own language. Verbosity and diffuseness should be carefully eschewed by the writers of the present day. Brevity should be studied, and few words made to convey much meaning.

The author of Lacon says, "an era is approaching, when no writer will be read by the great majority, save and except those who can effect that for bales of manuscript, which the hydrostatic screw performs for bales of cotton, by condensing that matter into a period which before occupied a page."

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES

OF EMINENT INDIVIDUALS, LATELY DECEASED.

HON. JOHN RANDOLPH OF ROANOKE.

This distinguished Virginian died at Heiskill's Hotel, in Philadelphia, on Friday, 24th May, 1833. He had been in bad health for some years, and on his arrival at Philadelphia, he is said to have expressed his belief that he was about to die; but it was his wish to brace himself up by a sea voyage, to meet the labours of the ensuing Congress, of which he had been recently elected a member. We learn, (says a Philadelphia editor,) that his mind retained its usual character until within about two hours of his dissolution. It then appeared to sink and suffer, like the body, complete exhaustion. He was emaciated to such a degree, that his frame was a prodigy of leanness and general debility-a mere anatomy. He gave directions that his corpse should be transported to Roanoke and buried under a particular tree.

The following sketch of Mr. Randolph's life and character is from the Journal of Commerce.

Mr. Randolph died in the sixtieth year of his age; and, for more than half of his life, he occupied much of the attention of the American public. His first appearance in public affairs, was at the hustings, in Charlotte county, at the election of delegates to the Assembly of Virginia, in 1799, and this debut was marked by a contest with Patrick Henry. Mr. Henry, though opposed to the adoption of the Federal Constitution, became its firm supporter after its adoption ;— for, much as he dreaded a strong government, he dreaded anarchy more. He condemned the spirit and tendency of the Virginia Resolutions of '98-'99, and, in opposition to them, he came forth from his retirement, offered himself as a candidate for the county, and addressed the voters in that strain of impassioned eloquence with which

he had roused his countrymen to resistance against arbitrary power. Mr. Randolph, who was at that time little known to the voters, and who had never spoken in public, except in collegiate exercises, while at Princeton, replied to Mr. Henry; and so effective were his remarks, that, during their delivery, many of the auditors exclaimed against the hoary headed orator of the Revolution as "a Tory." It may perhaps, be regarded as a singular circumstance, and as a proof that Mr. Randolph was not altogether so inconsistent in his political career as he has been said to be, that his last effort, before the people of his district, was made in the support of the very doctrines which, in his first appearance before them, he so warmly espoused and vindicated.

Mr. Randolph took his seat in Congress on the 2d December 1799, and held it till March 3d, 1813. In the next Congress he was succeeded by Mr. John W. Eppes, who beat him on this the only occasion in which he ever failed of success, as a candidate for Congress, from his district. He was re-elected in 1815, and after serving one term, he retired and declined a re-election. In 1819, he was again a candidate and was elected without opposition. He remained a member of the House of Representatives till the year 1825, when he was transferred to the Senate, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Barbour. He failed as a candidate for re-election to the Senate, after the expiration of his term in 1827, but he was returned as a member of the House of Representatives, in the next Congress. He subsequently accepted from President Jackson the appointment of Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia; and, at the time of his death, he was a member elect of the 23d Congress.

To the public Mr. Randolph has been known, for more than thirty years, as a politician and parliamentary orator. As a politician, he is said to have contributed much to the defeat of the federal party in 1801, and to the consequent success of Mr. Jefferson. He soon be came dissatisfied with the administration of Mr. Jefferson, and the administration of his successor, Mr. Madison, he warmly opposed. He was also unfriendly to the administration of Mr. Monroe, and to the administration of the second Adams he opposed himself with bitter hostility. He advocated the election of Gen. Jackson, but exerted his latest efforts in opposition to some of the leading principles of his policy. In the committee business of Congress, Mr. Randolph never took much part. He was twice Chairman of the committee of Ways and Means, and was appointed by the House of Representatives, to conduct the impeachment of Judge Chase. But for such stations he had neither tact nor disposition. He rarely or never drew a bill or made a report. 1

As a declaimer, his name and eloquence form a conspicuous portion of the history of every measure which was discussed in Congress while he was a member. The character of his oratory is known to every newspaper reader in the country. His speeches have been more fully and correctly reported, (in the National Intelligencer,) and have been more generally read, than those of any other member of Congress. He never spoke without commanding the most intense in

terest. At his first gesture or word, the House and galleries were hushed into silence and attention. His voice was shrill and pipe-like, but under perfect command; and, in its lower tones, it was music. His tall person, firm eye, and peculiarly "expressive fingers," assisted very much in giving effect to his delivery. His eloquence, taking its character from his unamiable disposition, was generally exerted in satire and invective; but he never attempted pathos without entire success. In quickness of perception, accuracy of memory, liveliness of imagination, and sharpness of wit, he surpassed most men of his day; but his judgment was feeble or rarely consulted. The measure of his capacity and his acquisitions have been the subject of some dispute. But it is undeniable that he had read much and remembered every thing he had read: and that he was well versed in classical literature, in English history, and especially, in the English tongue. It has often been said that he drew his illustrations from his common place book. That book was his tenacious memory. He has been heard to say that whatever he read in his youth had, in after life, come thick and fresh upon his memory; and that his earliest studies had stood him in better stead, for ready quotation and application, than any subsequent acquisitions.

Mr. Randolph's eccentricities, capricious friendships, and vindictive enmities, we leave to tradition, which seems to have taken them into safe keeping. It will not be forgotten, however, that he was capable of kindness, generosity, and courtesy. He was a kind master, a good neighbor, and, amongst his immediate constituents, was even popular. His friends have said that he possessed a deep vein of piety, which was, on some occasions, strongly developed. One of the most striking characteristics was, perhaps, his economy, which he rigidly practised, and both in public and private affairs, diligently inculcated. His inheritance was inconsiderable, and heavily incumbered with a British debt; but by a long course of economy, he relieved his estate, and acquired wealth. Under the shade of his patrimonial oaks, where he often indicated his wish to be buried, let the orator of Roanoke rest in peace.

PEDIGREE OF THE LATE JOHN RANDOLPH.-Although our republican institutions have happily rendered genealogy of but little importance, as a science, in this country, and therefore such researches are scarcely known among us—yet, as every thing relative to one of the most extraordinary of all eccentric men, whose name stands at the head of this article, will prove interesting, we transfer to our pages the following letter, which has the sanction of the editor of the National Gazette for its being an original production of the late John Randolph, of Roanoke, and which gives his own account of how he was related to the far-famed Queen Pocahontas.

The reader who knows any thing of Randolph, will have no difficulty in believing in the authenticity of the following letter, from intrinsic evidence, charging, as it does, the late Dr. Smith, of Princeton, and the celebrated Edmund Burke, with wilfully misrepresenting, or falsifying

Aware as we are, of

the account of the descendants of Pocahontas. the general assent given to the " de mortuis nil nisi bonum" maxim, and without any desire to break in upon the precept it inculcates, we cannot give our sanction to these charges, (which, by the way, Randolph made without regard to the principle to which we refer)-for assuredly neither Dr. Smith nor Burke had any interest in giving an untrue account of the matter, and have left characters above such an imputation. But John Randolph, of Roanoke, was, in his own estimation, the greatest man on earth, and cared little what he said of those who did not square with his views of himself, of old Virginia, and of Pocahontas. We are willing to yield much to Randolph's talents; but posterity owes him little for his exercise of either sympathy or forbearance.

ORIGINAL LETTER.

Georgetown, December 22, 1811. My Dear Sir: Your letter of the 22d has laid on my table several days, during which time I actually have not had as much leisure as would suffice to thank you for it; for to write in the House I now find impossible, often catching myself in the act of committing to paper the words that are floating around me, instead of those which should convey my meaning.

I perceive that Dr. Smith's " Essay on the variety of Complexion in the Human Species," has been treated in the American Review. I wish the Reviewer could have been acquainted with a circumstance which proves how much greater was the reverend author's anxiety for his Hypothesis (no uncommon case) than for his facts. My brother (Theodorick) and myself are "the two young gentlemen" referred to in page 19 of the "Strictures on Lord Kaimes," in the first edition: Philad. 1787. Dr. S. there states, correctly enough, "there is at present in the College of New Jersey," &c.; we came at Princeton about the last of the year, entered college, and, after some months past in the grammar school, finally left it in December of the same year. In the late edition (p. 332,) he says "there resided in the college of New Jersey, in the years seventeen hundred and eighty-five, six, and seven," &c. Why this variety in the complexion of the essay, I am at a loss to tell. But this is not all. He called us into his library and interrogated us about our Indian descent—we knew nothing more than that we derived it through our grandmother, whom it suited him to make the daughter of Pocahontas, in order that we might be, in defiance of time and fact, in the fourth descent from her. He gave us about that time, a copy of his essay which now lies before me, with my marginal notes. I cannot think of Princeton (where my ardor for learning was first damped) with any sort of patience.

Anno 1613-Pocahontas, alias "Matoahs, or Matoaha," baptized in the Christian faith by the name of "Rebecca, daughter to the mighty Prince Powhattan, Emperor of Attanoughkanonck, alias Virginia,' became the "wife of the worshipful Mr. John Rolfe."-[Granger's Biog. History of Eng. vol. 2d. p. 57-Stith, Beverly, &c.]