cost her one third part of her dominions in the century following. The inevitable result will be, to make vast numbers of intelligent Roman Catholies in Italy, and other countries where a purer Christianity does not exist by the side of Romanism, turn infidel outright. As Protestants, we could not wish Rome to commit a greater error than this. Next to the movement of Luther and the other reformers of the XVIth century, this will prove to be the most serious affair which she has had to meet. The views which we have expressed above, we have held from the moment of the hegira of Pio Nono, last autumn-a flight which was probably made for the overthrow of liberty at Rome, in the very way in which it has within the last few weeks been brought about. That these views are entertained at Rome also, we beg leave to cite in proof the following letter of Father Ventura, one of the most distinguished priests in Rome-for eloquence, for learning, for talent, and for love of liberty. It is by far the most wonderful document which the present crisis in Rome's history has produced. It is making a great sensation in Italy, nor do we wonder at it.* EFFECT OF THE BOMBARDMENT OF ROME UPON ROMAN CATHOLICISM. It is with fearful and bleeding heart that I now address you. Even as I write the French are bombarding Rome, destroying its monuments, and raking its people with grape shot; blood flows freely on every side; ruins are heaped upon ruins, and God only knows the issue of this lamentable conflict. Some fear that if the French enter Rome by assault, the people will be led in their rage to murder the priests and recluses. In such case, what a glorious victory would the French obtain! What a fine restoration of Papal sovereignty would she effect! History teaches us, that in general restorations effected by force are not durable, and that thrones raised upon dead bodies and blood are fated to be overthrown by yet more violent convulsions. Of all the expedients for the restoration of the Pope discussed at Gaeta, they have chosen the most deplorable. But what most distresses the heart of every Catholic is that this restoration, supposing it to be effected, will, without firmly establishing the power of the prince, wound and perhaps destroy the authority of the pontiff. The cannon now working destruction in the walls of Rome, is as steadily destroying the Catholic faith in the hearts of the Romans. I have already told you what fearful impression the "Confetti di Pio Nono mandati a suoi figli" have produced upon the Roman people; what hatred they have excited against the priests. But all this is nothing to the rage which the sight of French bombs has awakened against the church, even against the Catholic religion. As most of the bombs have fallen in the suburbs, ruining the houses and wounding the families of the poor people, it is particularly those of the suburbs, that portion of the Roman people formerly the most The translation which we use, is that of the Rev. G. H. Hastings, communicated to the N. Y. Evangelist. The sweetineats sent by Pius IX. to his children:" -a motto written upon the cannon balls of the French, which were borne about the city in processions. devotedly Catholic, who now curse the Pope and the clergy, in whose name they see these horrors committed. these things, or that he even knows of them. I I am far from believing that Pius IX. wishes know that he is kept in such a state of isolation, that the truth in these matters cannot reach him; everything is perverted before he receives it. I know that the poor Pope, surrounded by wicked or imbecile men, sentenced, as it were, to the depths of a citadel, is well nigh a prisoner, and very little master of himself. I know that they take advantage of the feebleness of his character, of the tenderness of his conscience, of his state of nervous excitement, which subjects him to whatever influence or impressions his courtiers please. But what I know and believe, the Roman people do not know nor believe. The people know only what they see and suffer. They see that the AusBenini in the midst of them, ravage the Legations, trians, with a prelate of the Pope, Monsignor bombard cities, levy enormous contributions upon the most peaceable citizens, exile and shoot the most ardent patriots, and reëstablish everywhere clerical tyranny. They see that the Pope has launched against the Roman States, as against some wild beast, four great powers, armed with all means of destruction; and they will listen to nothing they rise against the Pope and the church in that very name, and in defence of those very interests, by which the Pope declares it his duty to reconquer forcibly his temporal power. Mr. Harcourt, in a letter dated Gaeta, writes," Reason and charity are banished alike from Rome and Gaeta." In those few words we have the history of the last seven months. The excesses of Rome, which no one pretends to justify, although to a certain degree necessary in times of revolution, have been surpassed by the excesses of Gaeta. Not a word of peace, of reason, of pardon. Not a promise to maintain public liberty, such as we had a right to expect from a Pope, and especially from the mouth of Pius IX., has come forth from that rampart of absolutism, that rendezvous of folly and wickedness, combined to smother the sentiment of charity and love in the amiable heart of Pius IX. I have just read the last address of the Pope to the cardinals. What impudence! what folly to have put into the mouth of the holy father, pompous eulogies of Austria and the King of Naples; the greatest enemies of the independence of Italy, whose very name horrifies every Italian! What impudence to have made the Pope say that he himself appealed to the powers to reinstate him on the throne which he himself abandoned! It was to say, "I intend to wage against my own people that war which the year before I declared I would not wage against Croats and Austrians, the oppressors of Italy." Even the women raise this reproach against him; and now, in witnessing the effects of this savage war of four powers against one little state, in seeing their husbands and children killed and wounded, you cannot conceive the rage of the women, the violent sentiments to which they give way, the cries of fury they vent upon the Pope, cardinals, and priests en masse. From this you may well conclude that the people have abjured the churches. They will neither confess, nor communicate, nor assist at the mass, nor hear the word of God. One cannot now preach at Rome for want of hearers. No one wishes anything at the hands of a priest, or anything priestly. To me Pius IX. is still and ever the Vicar of Jesus Christ; the head of the visible church; the 383 have gone to Bologna or to Ancona, or Civita My friends endeavor to conceal from me what is said and done in this deplorable scene at Rome. They would spare me the grief which such things But in spite of their must necessarily cause me. care, I learn that the whole youth of Rome and all men of intelligence reason thus: "The Pope means to reign over us by force. He claims for the church, that is for the priests, the sovereignty which belongs only to the people, and he believes, he says indeed, that it is his duty to act thus, because we are Catholics, and because Rome is the centre of Catholicism. Very well; what is to hinder us, then, from becoming Protestant if necessary, and then what political right can he have over us? For is it not horrible to think of, that because we are Catholics, and sons of the church, we must be mastered by the church, abjure our rights, receive from the liberality of the priests as a concession, what is due in justice, and be condemned to the lot of the most miserable of people?" I find these sentiments have become more comIt is probable that Rome will fall under this attack mon than is generally supposed; they have peneThus of the French. How resist France? It is possitrated even into the hearts of the women. twenty years of apostolic labor which I have en-ble that the Pope may enter Rome bearing a sword dured, to attach the Roman people to the church, are sacrificed in a few days! Behold, what I have foreseen and predicted in all my letters, come to pass! And even beyond my worst forebodings! Protestantism is, in fact, now planted among a portion of this good and religious Roman people; and horrible to tell, this has been brought about by the priests themselves, by the miserable politics into Ah! my dear which they have led the Pope. friend, the idea of a bishop who rains grape-shot upon his diocesses-of a shepherd who cuts the throat of his sheep-of a father who devotes his children to death-of a Pope who means to reign, to impose himself upon 3,000,000 of Christians by force-who means to establish his throne upon ruins, corpses and blood! This idea, I say, is so strange, so contrary to the letter and spirit of the gospel, that there is no conscience which does not revolt at it-no faith which can bear up against it-no heart which does not groan at it-no tongue which is not moved by it to cursing, aye! even to blasphemy! Ah! better, a thousand times better, have lost the temporal power, the whole world if necessary, than to have given such a scandal to his people! Oh, if Pius IX. had been left to himself-had he only been able to act according to the dictates of his own heart! In the first place, he would never have left Rome; or, if driven to that, he would never have quitted the Roman states. He would instead of the cross, preceded by soldiers, as if PROSPECTUS. This work is conducted in the spirit of Littell's Museum of Foreign Literature, (which was favorably received by the public for twenty years,) but as it is twice as large, and appears so often, we not only give spirit and freshness to it by many things which were excluded by a month's delay, but while thus extending our scope and gathering a greater and more attractive variety, are able so to increase the solid and substantial part of our literary, historical, and political harvest, as fully to satisfy the wants of the American reader. 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The volumes are published quarterly, each volume containing as much matter as a quarterly review gives in eighteen months. WASHINGTON, 27 DEC., 1845. Or all the Periodical Journals devoted to literature and science which abound in Europe and in this country, this has appeared to me to be the most useful. It contains indeed the exposition only of the current literature of the English language, but this by its immense extent and comprehension includes a portraiture of the human mind in the utmost expansion of the present age. J. Q. ADAMS. LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 276.-1 SEPTEMBER, 1849. From the Quarterly Review. hardly any details throwing light upon their charLife and Letters of Thomas Campbell. By WIL-acters will be other than acceptable to posterity. LIAM BEATTIE, M. D., one of his Executors. In But it might have come forth that, though the 3 vols. 1849. personal career attracted no great attention, it had DR. BEATTIE had, we believe, published books included incidents which would invest the known of various sorts before Mr. Campbell, in the near works with a new meaning; or he might have prospect of death, requested him to undertake the left behind him, in the shape of letters, a really care of his papers. The only one, however, of important addition to his works-a new body of which we had preserved any distinct recollection, valuable miscellanies. On neither of these grounds, was an account of a tour on the continent, per- however, can we congratulate Dr. Beattie. As formed when he was attached to the household of respects facts of any importance, his investigathe Duke of Clarence; and that would have been tion has proved but sterile, and on the few elicited forgotten too, but for the ludicrous smallness of its he seems to have rarely exercised acuteness of reanecdotes and flatteries. This mention of an old flection;-nor was Campbell gifted with that nasin is due to numerous impenitent references in ture which abhors a vacuum, and which renders the present volumes it is a pleasanter duty to say the letters of some of the greatest of authors about that the poet's selection of his biographer will sur-the most delightful part of their legacies to the prise no reader of his Letters. It is evident that world; that ever-glowing necessity of the brain during several of his latter years Mr. Campbell and the blood to which we owe the correspondences owed as much to Dr. Beattie as any man ever did of Cicero, Erasmus, Voltaire, Scott, Byron-of to a friendly physician; and it is also pretty ev- Goethe, whose signet bore a star with the words ident that Mr. Campbell did not at that time live" ohne hast, ohne rast," without haste, without rest in habits of very close intercourse with any gen--and we may safely add by anticipation the name tleman of superior standing in literature. Dr. of Southey. Campbell, beside his fine genius, Beattie's own allusions to their connection are all modest; and we hope no one will ever again tell Campbell's story without doing honor to the best stay of his declining period. had some wit and a fair share of scholarship, but his genius seldom animates the page that was meant for a private eye; his wit, it would seem, lay dormant, unless excited by society or wine; We cannot say that the amiable doctor appears and he kept his reading for the booksellers, who to have made much progress in dexterity. He employed his active hours for the most part on has neither sifted well the correspondence, nor lucubrations never famous and already forgotten. does he produce his recollections and those of others in a clear order. The work is clumsily done. It contains, however-it could not fail to do somany interesting passages; and if there is a good deal to weary the reader, there is no severer of fence. The main error is one common among those to whom tasks of this sort fall. He has overrated his theme, and consequently, but very much more, the greater part of his materials. The smallest star is the sun of its own satellites. Campbell, however, was a real star; and of such there are seldom many visible in the literary hemisphere. When he sank, the world anticipated authentic memoirs; and with the more curiosity that his life had been on the whole obscure; but assuredly there was no expectation of three bulky octavos. Yet no man could be justified in pronouncing à priori that the executor who notified such dimensions must be in the wrong. It could never have been made out that Campbell was one of those whose writings may be classed with the highest trophies of practical achievement, whether military or political-men of the closet, who nevertheless have such sway over their contemporaries that Let us be thankful that, though the exertion of He was a Scotsman, and of course his biography begins with an ell of genealogy. But he had little turn for antiquarianism; every heraldic allusion in his poems is a blunder; and Dr. Beattie's studies have not lain in the pedigree department. Whether the race of Diarmid adopted 700 years ago the surname of a wandering knight, who mar ried the heiress of the primitive chieftains of Lochawe, together with The crest -the youngest of a large family. Six elder sons appear to have gone abroad-some to North America, but more to the West Indies, which That erst the adventurous Norman wore- were by and by to Glasgow what Virginia had been. Though the daughters, three in number, or, as most other septs always maintained, Camp-were handsome, not one of them married; and as bell was only connected by the dream of Sennachies they grew up they all became governesses. with De Campo Bello-and the name (in its earliest The poet was baptized by, and called Thomas written form Kambel) was in fact only Cambheul, or in honor of, the Rev. Dr. Reid, the eminent metaCawmul-Gaelic for Wry-nose, as Cameron (Cam-physician, then Professor of Moral Philosophy at schronach) is Wry-mouth: this is a controversy Glasgow, and an intimate friend of the family. in which the Southron will take no interest. They will care nothing even about the gross blunder of the following lines Who won the Lady of the West, The daughter of Mac Aillin Mor :though, we own, it still surprises us that any man of the race should have been ignorant that the Sir Colin, from whom so many chiefs have delighted to be styled "the son of the great Colin," was no ancestor of the heiress of Lochawe, but the sixth He was the favorite child of his father's old age, and the pride of his mother's eye and heart-a delicate child, with a slight form, small accurate features, a hectic complexion, and eyes such as no one could see and forget; Lawrence's pencil alone could transmit their dark mixture of fire and softbetween the organization of the ordinary Gael and ness. Many physiologists have noticed the contrast that of their aristocracy. Speaking generally, no class of gentry in Europe are above these last, whether you regard the proportions of the frame or the facial lines. Their blood, no doubt, has husband. The remoter history of the poet's own been largely dashed with intermixtures; and branch is left in darkness, which also will be endured. The grandfather was one of the innumer- than the heralds have been able to do in support Campbell's countenance, we must own, said more able small lairds of the tribe-Campbell of Kirnan; of the story of the "adventurous Norman" and —but on his death the estate, which had been over-the Lady of the West." In his case, as in the mortgaged, passed from his blood, and the ancient tower had been levelled to the ground long before the poet visited "a Scene in Argyleshire ;" in descent from her and her crested or crestless The grass-covered road, Which the hunter of deer and the warrior trode To his hills that encircle the sea ; pos an exact picture-for the situation is on one of the He had married when past middle life, and was sixty-seven years of age when Thomas was born (27th July, 1777,) in the High street of Glasgow *See the curious paper on the change of manners in Glasgow furnished to the New Statistical Account by Mr. D. Bannatyne. Several paragraphs of it were lately quoted in this review, (Q. R., vol. Ixxxii., p. 377.) vast majority of cases, the talents, so far as inherited, seem to have come from the mother. The father was a man of good sense and singularly placid disposition, without any spark of the celestial fire. Thomas, with his mother's higher gifts in much higher development, had something of the irritable temper that made her so unlike her husband; but women show weak points openly which men usually endeavor to suppress. Of the three, without doubt, the happiest nature, on the whole, was the elder Campbell's-he alone went through the world, in spite of his full share of its trials and misfortunes, with unbroken serenity; and he reached a term of years far beyond that granted to his more inflammable offspring, and sank at last by far gentler steps, though not to mingle his dust with that of kings and heroes in Westminster. The boyhood was very extraordinary; but the verse exercises (vol. i., chap. 2) that attest the rapidity of progress, while their punctilious dates show no less the consciousness of the prodigy, are of less value in our esteem than the testimony of masters and companions: though they surpass any such things that have been preserved of Scott, and fully equal Byron's,* more of our readers will be *We are alluding to the very boyish verses of Byronof which we have seen more specimens than perhaps ever will be printed; but, we confess, even his best Harrow rhymes seem to us such as in most men's case would have never been thought of any consequence. Nay, we will confess that the repetition of the old vituperation as to us cant. to the Edinburgh Review on the Hours of Idleness seems But there are prose letters of Byron's from his sixth year onwards to his entrance at college, which, if ever they should be published, would claim a very dif ferent place among the examples of precocity. We never saw anything to equal the contrast between the childish feebleness of the handwriting (within pencilled lines) and |