CONTENTS.

VOLUME THE FIRST.

BOOK I.

PROGRESS of navigation among the ancients. View of
their discoveries as preparatory to those of the moderns→→→→

Imperfection of ancient navigation and geography-Doc-

trine of the zones-Farther difcoveries checked by the

irruption of barbarous nations-Geographical knowledge

ftill preferved in the East, and among the Arabians-Re-

vival of commerce and navigation in Europe-favoured by

the Croisades-extended by travellers into the Eaft-pro-

moted by the invention of the mariner's compass-First

regular plan of discovery formed by Portugal-State of

that kingdom-Schemes of prince Henry-Early attempts

feeble-Progrefs along the western coaft of Africa-Hopes

of discovering a new route to the Eaft Indies-Attempts

to accomplish this-Prospects of fuccefs.
Page 1

BOOK II.

Birth and education of Columbus-acquires naval skill in the

fervice of Portugal-conceives hopes of reaching the East

Indies by holding a wefterly courfe-his fyftem founded on

the ideas of the ancients, and knowledge of their naviga-

tion-and on the difcoveries of the Portuguese-His nego-

tiations with different courts-Obftacles which he had to

furmount in Spain-Voyage of difcovery-difficulties-

fucceís-return to Spain-Aftonishment of mankind on

this discovery of a new world-Papal grant of it-Second

voyage Colony fettled-Farther difcoveries-War with

the Indians-Firft tax imposed on them-Third voyage-

He discovers the continent-State of the Spanish colony-

Errors in the first system of colonizing-Voyage of the

Portuguese to the Eaft Indies by the Cape of Good Hope

-Effects of this-Discoveries made by private adven-

t

turers in the new world-Name of America given to it—
Machinations against Columbus-Difgraced and sent in
chains to Europe-Fourth voyage of Columbus-His dif-
coveries-difafters-death.
Page 65

BOOK III.

State of the colony in Hifpaniola-New war with the Indians

-Cruelty of the Spaniards-Fatal regulations concerning

the condition of the Indians-Diminution of that people—

Discoveries and fettlements-First colony planted on the

continent-Conquest of Cuba-Difcovery of Florida-of

the South Sea-Great expectations raised by this-Caufes

of disappointment with respect to these for some time→→→

Controverfy concerning the treatment of the Indians-

Contrary decifions-Zeal of the ecclefiaftics, particularly

of Las Cafas-Singular proceedings of Ximenes-Negroes

imported into America-Las Cafas' idea of a new colony

-permitted to attempt it-unfuccefsful-Difcoveries to-

wards the Weft-Yucatan-Campeachy-New Spain-

Preparations for invading it.

BOOK IV.

194

View of America when firft difcovered, and of the manners

and policy of its most uncivilized inhabitants-Vaft ex-

tent of America-Grandeur of the objects it prefents to

view-Its mountains-rivers-lakes-Its form favourable

to

commerce- -Temperature-predominance of cold-

Caufes of this-uncultivated-unwholefome-its animals

-foil-Inquiry how America was peopled-various theo-

ries-what appears most probable-Condition and charac-

ter of the Americans-All, the Mexicans and Peruvians

excepted, in the ftate of favages-Inquiry confined to the

uncivilized tribes-Difficulty of obtaining information-

various caufes of this-Method obferved in the inquiry-

I. The bodily conftitution of the Americans confidered-

II. The qualities of their minds-III. Their domeftic state.

271

VOLUME THE SECOND.

BOOK IV. concluded.

IV. Their political ftate and inftitutions-V. Their fyftem

of war and public fecurity-VI. The arts with which

they

they were acquainted-VII. Their religious ideas and

inftitutions VIII. Such fingular and detached cuf-

toms as are not reducible to any of the former heads-

-IX. General review and eftimate of their virtues and

defects.

Page 1

BOOK V.

Hiftory of the conqueft of New Spain, by Cortes.

BOOK VI.

107

Hiftory of the conqueft of Peru, by Pizarro-and of the dif❤

fenfions and civil wars of the Spaniards in that country-

origin-progrefs-and effects of these.

VOLUME THE THIRD.

BOOK VII.

271

View of the inftitutions and manners of the Mexicans and

Peruvians-Civilized states in comparison of other Ameri-

cans Recent origin of the Mexicans-Facts which prove

their progrefs in civilization-View of their policy in its

various branches-of their arts-Facts which indicate a

fmall progrefs in civilization-What opinion fhould be

formed on comparing those contradictory facts-Genius of

their religion-Peruvian monarchy more ancient-Its po-

licy founded on religion-Singular effects of this-Pecu-

liar fate of property among the Peruvians-Their public

works and arts-roads-bridges-buildings-Their un-

warlike fpirit-View of other dominions of Spain in Ame-

rica-Cinaloa and Sonora-California-Yucatan and Hon-

duras-Chili-Tucuman-Kingdom of Tierra Firmé➡

New Kingdom of Granada.

BOOK VIII.

I

View of the interior government, commerce, &c. of the
Spanish colonies-Depopulation of America-first effect
of their fettlements-not the confequence of any fyftem of

policy-nor to be imputed to religion-Number of Indians
ftill remaining-Fundamental maxims on which the
Spanish fyftem of colonization is founded-Condi-
tion of different orders of men in their colonies-Cha-
petones-Creoles-Negroes-Indians-Ecclefiaftical state
and policy-Character of fecular and regular clergy—
Small progrefs of Christianity among the natives-Mines
chief object of their attention-Mode of working these
-their produce-Effects of encouraging this fpecies of
industry-Other commodities of Spanish America-Firft
effects of this new commerce with America on Spain-
Why the Spanish colonies have not been as beneficial to
the parent-ftate as thofe of other nations-Errors in the
Spanish fyftem of regulating this commerce-confined to
one port-carried on by annual fleets-Contraband trade
-Decline of Spain both in population and wealth-Re-
medies propofed-View of the wife regulations of the
Bourbon princes-A new and more liberal system intro.
duced Beneficial effects of this-Probable confequences
-Trade between New Spain and the Philippines-Re-
venue of Spain from America-whence it arifes-to what
it amounts.
Page 89

BOOK IX.

The History of Virginia to the year 1688.
Spirit of adventure awakened in England by Columbus's
difcoveries-Checked by unfkilfulness in navigation-
Expedition from Bristol under the command of Cabot-
who discovers Newfoundland, and fails along the coaft
to Virginia-Expedition to South America under the
command of Sebastian Cabot-Unfuccessful attempts to
difcover a north-weft paffage to India-Sir Hugh Wil-
loughby fails in fearch of a north-eaft paffage-Wil-
loughby perishes-One of his ships anchor at Archangel
-The captain vifits Moscow-Trade opened with Russia
Communication with India by land-Expedition to the
coaft of Africa-Frobisher makes three attempts to dif-
cover the north-weft paffage-Sir Francis Drake fails
round the world-Enthufiafm of discovery-First project
of a colony in North America-Charter granted by queen
Elizabeth-

Elizabeth First expedition fails-The plan refumed by
Ralegh-Difcovery of Virginia-Colony established there
by fir Richard Greenville-In danger of perishing by
famine, returns to England-Ufe of tobacco introduced in
England-Ralegh's fecond attempt to fettle a colony in
Virginia Colony perishes by famine-Ralegh abandons
the defign of fettling a colony in Virginia-Direct course
from England to North America first attempted by Gof-
nold-Confequences of Gofnold's voyage-Hakluyt im-
proves the commercial and naval skill of the age-James
divides the coaft of America into two parts-and grants
charters to two companies-Colonies of Virginia and
New England-Newport fails for Virginia-Discovers
the Chesapeak-Sails up James river-Founds James
Town-Suffers from scarcity and the unhealthiness of
the climate-Smith called to the command-He is taken
prifoner by the Indians-Smith undertakes a furvey of
the country-A new charter granted-Lord Delaware
appointed governor-Gates and Summer appointed to
command till lord Delaware's arrival-Their ship strand-
ed on the coaft of Bermuda-The colony reduced by
famine-Lord Delaware arrives-His wife administration
-His health obliges him to return to England-Sir
Thomas Dale appointed governor-New charter iffued-
Treaty with the natives-Rolfe marries the daughter of
an Indian chief-Land in Virginia first becomes property
-Culture of tobacco introduced-Young women emi-
grate from England to Virginia-First general affembly
of reprefentatives-General maffacre of the English
planned by the Indians-Bloody war with the Indians
Company at home divided by factions-Company required
to furrender its charter, and refufes-Diffolution of the
company-Temporary council appointed for the govern-
ment of Virginia-Acceffion of Charles I.-His arbi-
trary government of the colony-Colonists feize on
Harvey their governor, and fend him prisoner to England
He is releafed by the king, and reinftated in his
government-Sir W. Berkeley appointed governor-
Virginia flourishes under the new government-Parlia
ment makes war on Virginia, which is forced to acknow-
ledge the commonwealth-Reftraints on the colony-
The colonists diffatisfied-Are the firit to acknowledge
Charles II.-Infurrection in Virginia headed by N. Bacon

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