to meet him, declaring that nothing but sickness or death would prevent him from fulfilling his engagements. He rode day after day ou horseback thirty or forty miles each day.

He secured a representation of 100 delegates at a State Educational Convention, in December, 1838, at Columbus, of which Wilson Shannon, then Governor, was President, and Milo G. Williams Vice President, which declared that the cause of popular education was gaining decided triumphs.

In April, 1838, an educational paper, called the "Pestalozzian,” was started in Akron, O., by E. S. Sawtell and H. K. Smith.

At the convention of 1838, Calvin E. Stowe, then Professor in Lane Seminary, delivered an able address upon the necessity of schools for teachers. Dr. Pearce, then President of Western Reserve College, and W. H. McGuffy, took a prominent part. Resolutions were adopted recommending music as a branch of instruction in Common Schools, and urging upon teachers the importance of liberal efforts to elevate the profession.

It was in the convention of 1838, that William Johnston, then a lawyer in Carroll Co., afterwards Judge of the Superior Court in Cincinnati, and Whig candidate at one time for Governor, describing the schools which he attended when a boy, said it was the custom of his old master to begin with the boys at the word "booby" in the spelling book, and the next winter turn them all back, so that really none of them ever got further than " booby" under his instruction.

In the Legislature of 1838-9 an effort was made to abolish the office of Superintendent, but it did not succeed.

In February, 1839, Mr. Lewis made an elaborate report upon a plan for a State University for teachers.

Mr. Lewis having made his 3d annual report, on account of his impaired health resigned his office.

During 1839 the "Common School Advocate " was published monthly, at Cincinnati, for gratuitous distribution.

A State Convention was well attended, at which Samuel Lewis delivered an address on Common Schools and their effect upon pecuniary

interests.

The duties of Supt. of Schools were at this period devolved by law apon the Secretary of State. Between 1840 and 1845, William Trevett made one and John Sloane made three reports. Mr. Trevitt advocated Normal Schools-Mr. Sloan an appropriation for school libraries.

Samuel Galloway, Secretary of State in 1845, made a valuable report. Since his time a revival in educational interest has resulted in the wide spread blessings of the present excellent Common School system.

Between 1844 and 1850, Samuel Galloway made numerous suggestions to the Legislature, inciting them to action.

The first Teachers' Institute ever held in Ohio was conducted at Sandusky in Sept., 1845, by Salem Town, of New York, M. F. Cowdery, and A. D. Lord.

In the summer of 1846, Dr. A. D. Lord started the School Journal at Kirtland. He advocated Teachers' Institutes and suggested a State Common School Society.

An Institute was held at Chardon, Geauga Co., in the autumn of 1845, making two for that year-the year of their origin. In 1846, nine were held, chiefly in the northern part of the state, and since that time, the county that has suffered a year to go by without one, has depreciated in the regard of educational observers.

Henry Barnard, well known as editor and State Superintendent of schools in Connecticut, visited Ohio in the fall and winter of 1846, and delivered public lectures on the subject of education in several towns and cities.

A paper, called the Bowen, at Massillon.

86

Free School Clarion
School Friend "

The

throp B. Smith & Co., at Cincinnati.

The Akron Law was passed by the Legislature of 1848-9. In this year the Western School Journal " was started by W. H. Moore & Co., Cincinnati, and the Journal of Dr. Lord was removed to Columbus.

The Ohio State Teachers' Association was organized at Akron in December, 1847, Samuel Galloway, President.

It was the earnest labors of Andrews, Cowdery, Lord, Harvey, Leggett, Hurty, Bowen and others, that effected so much improvement throughout the state and induced the General Assembly of 1849 to enact a general law for the encouragement of Institutes and for High Schools in corporate towns.

A Phonetic article, like many others, has been crowded out of this number.

Give us only short, pithy articles.

THE JOURNAL FOR 1857.

The new editor wishes to have a plain talk with "all whom it may concern," in reference to the subscription list of the Ohio Journal of Education for 1857, and his connection with the paper as editor. The Journal was started by men determined on success

success not to make money, but "to elevate the profession of teaching, and to promote the interests of schools in Ohio."

They founded it, not as a teachers' paper merely, but to promote, in the broadest sense, sound education, whether in common, union or public schools, Academies, Female Seminaries or Colleges.

To effect this end, this most patriotic body of teachers, composing the State Teachers' Association, have ardently supported the enterprise. Its conductors have been among the ablest teachers of the State, and they have reflected upon the State and their profession a noble character, won by devotion to the best object that can engage human effort. The old guard have done their duty well. Some that commanded now train in the ranks; but the cause is the same that wakened the earnest voice and active exertion of Lorin Andrews, the high toned, manly, moral earnestness of Cowdery, and the methodical, patient, conscientious and never-to-be-sufficiently-appreciated labors of Dr. Lord.

These true men, and a band of congenial spirits, to whom the people of Ohio are more indebted than to all the politicians in the State, have set us young men an example; the path they have led us into is luminous with resplendent light both from behind and before.

The past of the Ohio State Teachers' Association is a moral epic. When nearly every arm faltered, and feet lagged in the bold encounter with the falsely-called economical, do-nothing, back-sliding policy of that day, this hopeful band, who came together in Institutes and Associations, emulating the philanthropic and self-sacrificing exertions of Guilford and Lewis, who had stirred the great waters for them, startled the State with their well begun, hopefully continued, and successfully pursued labors, of bringing about a wholesome public opinion in favor of schools for all—free schools for rich and poor.

These leading men were school teachers-they saw that if their profession was to become prosperous, they must win respect for their profession, in doing their whole duty. And, like men of sense, they set about reforming themselves-learning to know what they lacked, and what they should do to be saved, and to save the State. They discerned

that the first thing to be done was for the physician to heal himself. They called together the teachers; they drummed up the green onesthose who were inexperienced; those who knew something worth communicating, communicated the magic talisman to their neighbor. In these conventicles of teachers, when the true fire was burning, the occasions were like those of Pentecost. The fire spread from Institute to Institute, from county to county, until a man who assumed to be a teacher, without taking immediate, prompt, extraordinary pains to improve himself, to conform in no half-and-half way to the spirit of the age, was ruled out, shamed away, or converted by these Pauls and Peter the Hermits of education, who have ennobled Ohio in their travels and crusades against ignorance.

We don't want to see this missionary spirit among the education Henry-Martins die out. Noble women have been enlisted in this good work. There have been "Nightingales" in the Crimea of Ohio -not in nursing merely the wounded soldier, and passing the cooling cup to the parched lip, but in cheering by their presence every educational meeting, taking active part in the useful as well as in the ornamental line. The "school marms "" are not to be underrated or misprized as Ohio instrumentalities, in bringing our people to the proud point of exaltation in which they stand.

This work will go on-must go on; our young men and young women are not going to abandon the good ways they have been taught to walk in. Having the right direction, they are going forward, with an accumulating momentum of earnestness, determined to lend a hand in the work of perfecting in Ohio the free school system.

To do this earliest and surest, the Ohio Journal of Education must be put upon a better footing, as to support, than it has been before. At the close of this year there must be no doleful story to tell to members of the Association, that it is four or five hundred dollars in debt. Old friends of the Journal, make one more rally for the object of your early and earnest love! It takes money to pay expenses, as you know, but there is no good reason why 10,000 subscribers should not be receiving this little work, and $10,000 be paid into the treasury of

the Association therefor.

As soon as leisure will permit, the writer will quit the editorial sanctum at intervals, and go out amongst the teachers of the State and talk to them in person, about this their own business, not that of the servant whom they have called to conduct the Journal.

This is a work that must be sustained-sustained not grudgingly, but

beartily. This sustaining a paper for a dollar a year, is the most profitable expenditure that can be made by teachers, as a part of the education of the character, not saying anything as to the professional improvement to be derived from reading its pages.

On concluding this article, earnest teacher, go immediately and secure and remit a reasonable quota of subscription money, and the end of this year's work will be better than the beginning.

PRACTICAL ARTICLES.-This number, it is to be regretted, does not contain that class of articles directly aiding the teacher in the school room, which will as usual be a distinguishing feature hereafter, because of the late period of the month when the editor was called to his new post; neither the associate editors of last year, or those selected for 1857, having furnished our “pigeon hole" with any copy.

What has been hastily prepared, was gotten up at great disadvantage, during three or four days, interrupted necessarily with the demands of a new business.

THE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS OF OHIO.

We give a short account of each of these schools of the children of sorrow, to acquaint our readers with the condition of that department of the educational field.

Central Ohio LUNATIC ASYLUM.—From the report of Dr. R. Hills, Superintendent of the Ohio State Lunatic Asylum at Columbus, we learn that 102 males and 121 females of this unfortunate class have been cared for in this Institution, by the bounty of the State, during the past year.

The Superintendent proposes to fit up a room into which may be gathered books, paintings, pictures, statuary, and any and all objects of curiosity, either natural or artificial, and says that any donations of any such articles will be thankfully received in behalf of the patients, for whose benefit the arrangement is made. He proposes to call it the ** AWL GALLERY," in honor of him to whom, more than to any other one man, the institution is indebted for its existence, and who, for the period of eleven years of its earliest struggles, so successfully conducted its interests.