boaster, just as if he were a Northerner.
The next, that one of this same boaster's
comrades-whose name we guess.
murderer. He had a few days before crossed

From The Spectator. A GUARDSMAN IN SECESSIA.* HAVING three or four months of "leave," -a commodity with which the officers of the Guards are abundantly supplied Colonel the Rio Grande, kidnapped what he called a Fremantle determined to spend the greater "renegado," that is, a Unionist, and left him part of it in gratifying a wish he had formed on the road; that is, had murdered him! A to see the aristocratic slave-owners in fighting very good beginning. Meeting General Bee, trim. Originally, his sympathies, such as that soldier said he had not sanctioned "the they were, leaned "rather" to the North, Mongomery affair," that is, the murder; and but solely because he had the natural dislike soon after Colonel Fremantle actually stumof an Englishman to slavery. From this he bled on the half-buried body of the murdered was converted by the spectacle of gallantry man, whose head and arms were above the and determination displayed by the South, ground." The young Guardsman was rather especially as in contrast to that there was struck by this sudden experience of Lynch only "foolish, bullying conduct" on the other law within three hours after he had landed side. In this conversion there was more of on Confederate soil; but he was somewhat sentiment than logic. Slavery becomes all consoled by being assured that, after all, the more formidable when upheld by great Mongomery was a "bad character." While gallantry and determination; and it does not on the Rio Grande, Colonel Fremantle was in become less an object of dislike to an honest the thick of speculating merchants, and it is man because the opponents of the South are plain from his account of their prosperity painted as bullies and cowards. It is possi- that General Banks, by occupying Brownsble to admire the bravery, resolution, and ville, has spoiled a very thriving trade, and skill of the Southerners without admiring blocked up a door whereby entered large their cause; but it was not possible to Colo- quantities of supplies for the Confederates. nel Fremantle. He may have had a natural dislike to slavery, but he evidently had a natural liking, and this was the stronger feeling, for the pluck and energy of the slave-owners. As a Guardsman, he was bound to sympathize with an aristocracy, and the Southern slaveowners are an aristocracy, though in the worst form. To see these men and their soldiers and their ways, our author crossed the Atlantic, and traversed the Confederacy from end to end. It was a very commendable way of spending his time, and his friends were quite right in prevailing on him to publish his diary.

With characteristic caution, as became a Queen's officer, he entered Texas by way of Matamoras, having with him a Texan trader as a comrade and guide. He crossed the river, and came up with Duff's cavalry, "a group of Confederate officers seated round a fire, contemplating a tin of potatoes," and dressed in "flannel shirts, very ancient trousers, jackboots, with enormous spurs, and black felt bats, ornamented with the lone star of Texas.' Among these gentry, the first thing he noticed was that one, was a great

999

"Three Months in the Southern States." By

Lieutenant-Colonel Fremantle, Coldstream Guards.
Blackwood and Sons.

His new friends, the Texan colonels, admitted that Brownsville was the rowdiest town and Texas the most lawless State; but although "the shooting-down and stringing-up systems are much in vogue" not only there but on both banks of the Mississippi, inoffensive people are not shot or hung. This was the boast of the Texan colonels, who said that, from time immemorial, "the Yankees had been despised by the Southerners as a race inferior to themselves in courage and in honorable sentiments." Another band of these fine fellows came in. They had only been engaged in the honorable occupation of scalping Indians. This band had been employed in quelling a counter-revolution of Unionists in Texas, and it is easy to guess how they did their work. Colonel Fremantle says we know nothing of the South, and we admit that he is telling us news.

Quitting the Rio Grande, he set out on his way through Texas to the Mississippi, with a Texan, who was a judge and an M.P., and entitled to be styled "Honorable," for an assistant mule-driver. The driver, Mr. Sargent, was, during the midday halts, in "the habit Having gorged himself, he laid down and isof cooling himself by removing his trousers. sued his edicts to the judge as to the treatment

of the mules." He was cleven days going ing Pemberton and Johnston on the Big three hundred and thirty miles in Texas, dur- Black. His narrative of the passage of the ing which period he " camped out every Mississippi shows how arduous that transit night. The judge and Mr. Sargent furnished was even then to the Confederates. Arrived at some amusement, but the event of the trip Natchez, he hired a carriage, and boldly drove was a meeting with General Magruder. Af- on to Jackson, which he entered just as Grant ter he had passed through San Antonio he had retired from it. He found the inhabihad clearly become used to the country and tants greatly enraged at the destruction of the people. "In spite of their peculiar bab- the town, and, arrested as a spy, our auits of hanging, shooting, scalping, etc., which thor owed his life to the intervention of a seemed to be natural to a people living in a Confederate officer. Grierson had just ridwild and thinly populated country, there was den through the State. Johnston was vainly much to like in my fellow-travellers. They trying to collect a force capable of coping all had a sort of bonhommie honesty and with Grant. The nakedness of the land is, straightforwardness, a natural courtesy and shown by the fact that General Johnston's extreme good-nature, which was very agree-" cooking utensils consisted of an old coffeeable" to a Guardsman, a real "swell," who had taken the trouble to go so far to see them out of pure sympathy for their cause. It would have been monstrous had even these Texans been rude to a colonel of the Queen's Guards. But he had to submit to some rather severe trials. He had to share his bed with another person, and when he slept, to sleep in his clothes on a bed sometimes dirtier than his boots after a day's travelling. He had to be introduced to a man who, having engaged a colored crew at Boston, had carried them to Galveston, and sold them there. On the road from Crockett to Rusk passengers came aboard. 66 Among them was Major brother-in-law to another person not named, who hanged Mongomery at Brownsville. He spoke of the exploit of his relative with some pride." Another passenger was a Government agent. This person "informed us that he still held a commission as adjutant-general to-[Quantrell ?]. The latter, it appears, is a cross between a guerilla and a horse thief, and even by his adjutant-general's account, he seems to be an equal adept at both professions." Of course, he met with some decent people, and these were, as they always are, anxious to persuade Englishmen that slaveowners are not so black as they are painted, and that they are fighting not for slavery but independence. They admitted, however, that many slave-owners are cruel, but these, it appears, are all Yankees.

pot and frying-pan. There was only one fork
(one prong being deficient) between himself
and his staff, and this was handed to me cere-
moniously as the guest.' In Texas, Colo-
nel Fremantle had found the people "speak-
ing with horror of the depredations commit-
ted in that part of the country by their own
troops on the line of march;" and in Missis-
sippi "several natives complained that sol-
diers were quartering themselves upon them
and eating everything." At Galveston, he
heard a drayman or carter complain that a
Texan soldier had fired five shots at him, be-
cause he would not stop, the fifth shot killing
his horse. The officer only said that "the
regiment would probably hang the soldier for
being such a disgraceful bad shot."
On the
road from Meridian to Mobile our traveller
was delayed, owing to a difficulty which had
occurred in the up train. "The difficulty
was this. The engineer had shot a passenger,
and then unhitched his engine, cut the tele-
graph, and bolted up the line, leaving his
train planted on a single track. He had al-
lowed our train to pass by, shunting himself
until we had done so, without any suspicion.
The news of this occurrence caused really
hardly any excitement amongst my fellow-
travellers; but I heard one man remark that
it was mighty mean to leave a train to be run
into like that."" It is not wonderful that
the Southerners are so ferocious in battle.
Their whole lives in time of peace seem to be
passed on the brink of an open grave.

Colonel Fremantle went to Mobile and

With great courage, and a perseverance that does him credit, Colonel Fremantle pushed through Texas. He did not crane Chattanooga and Shelbyville; thence back at the passage of the Mississippi, although through Chattanooga to Charleston and Banks was near Alexandria, with his gun-Richmond, and from Richmond he made his boats in the Wachita, and Grant was rout- way to Lec's army, then in Pennsylvania.

He was present at Gettysburg, he retreated and looks much more like a soldier than a with Lee into the Shenandoah Valley, and clergyman." He hoped "his brethren in then made his way through the Federal lines, England did not much condemn his present by Hancock, to New York. He confesses line of conduct." When he had done fightwith some naïveté that he found the Federal ing he intended to go back to his other proofficers "gentlemen," and this must have fession. He is a very bravo man, whereof been a great relief to him, as he, like many here is a specimen incident extracted from others of his class, had imbibed the common him by our ingenuous Guardsman. Bishop notion that gentlemen are grown only in the Polk loquitur, in a "modest yet graphic land which birth to Preston Brooks, and manner: gave holds that man's memory in honor. He found, however, for the credit of humanity, that there were gentlemen in both camps. There are in his book some very agreeable sketches of persons and incidents, and we are enabled to see some of the Southern leaders in the most favorable light. In Tennessee he met several conspicuous men. Mr. Vallandigham, "called the Apostle of Liberty," a good-looking man, had just been " dumped down on the neutral ground between the two armies, and was receiving Confederate hosiptality as a "destitute stranger," whom neither would own. There was General Hardec, "a fine, soldier-like man, broad-shouldered and tall," and a great admirer of the ladies; General Bragg, Bishop Polk, and General Cleburne. The sketch of Bragg is just now worth having:

ville, late in the evening, in fact, it was al"Well, sir, it was at the battle of Perrymost dark, when Liddell's Brigade came into action. Shortly after its arrival I observed a body of men, whom I believed to be Confedcrates, standing at an angle to this brigade, and firing obliquely at the newly arrived troops. I said Dear me, this is very sad, but could find none of my young men, who and must be stopped;' so I turned round, were absent on different messages; so I determined to ride myself and settle the matter. Having cantered up to the colonel of the regiment which was firing, I asked him in angry tones what he meant by shooting his own friends, and I desired him to cease doing so at once. He answered with surprise, I it; I am sure they are the enemy.' don't think there can be any mistake about 6 Enemy!' I said; why I have only just left them myself. Cease firing, sir! What is My name is Colonel "I called on General Bragg, the Com- your name?' of the Indiana; and pray, sir, who are Then for the first time I saw, to ance the least prepossessing of the Confeder-you?' ate generals. He is very thin; he stoops, and that I was in rear of a regiment of my astonishment, that he was a Yankee, and has a sickly, cadaverous, haggard ap- Yankees. Well, I saw there was no hope pearance, rather plain features, bushy black eyebrows, which unite in a tuft on the top the increasing obscurity befriended me, so but to brazen it out; my dark blouse and of his nose, and a stubby iron-gray beard: but his eyes are bright and piercing. He has approached quite close to him and shook the reputation of being a rigid disciplinarian, my fist in his face, saying, 'I'll soon show and of shooting freely for insubordination. I you who I am, sir! Cease firing, sir, at understand he is rather unpopular on this ac- tered slowly down the line, shouting in an I then turned my horse and cancount, and also by reason of his occasional acerbity of manner.

mander-in-Chief. This officer is in

appear

General Cleburne is the son of an Irish doctor. He ran away from home at seventeen, and enlisted in the 41st Regiment. Buying his discharge, he went to Arkansas, studied law, and got a good practice. When the State seceded, he became a soldier, and rose to command a division-"the highest rank obtained by a foreigner in the Confedcrate service." He ascribed his advancement to his training in the 41st. Bishop Polk is the finest figure in these parts. He is a goodlooking man, with all the manners and affability of a "grand seigneur," tall, upright,

once.'

authoritative manner to the Yankees to cease
firing; at the same time I experienced a dis-
agreeable sensation, like screwing up my
back, and calculating how many bullets
would be between my shoulders every mo-
ment. I was afraid to increase my pace,
until I got to a small copse, when I put the
spurs
mediately went up to the nearest colonel, and
in and galloped back to my men. I im-
said to him, Colonel, I have reconnoitred
those fellows pretty closely-and I find there
is no mistake who they are; you may get up
and go at them.' And I assure you, sir,
that the slaughter of that Indiana regiment
was the greatest I have ever seen in the war."

While Colonel Fremantle was at Shelby

ville, he saw Bishop Elliot of Georgia baptizo | Mr. Jefferson Davis at his own house, and General Bragg. "The bishop took the gen- took tea there; "and uncommonly good tea eral's hand in his own (the latter kneeling too." in front of the font), and said, ' Braxton, if thou has not already been baptized, I baptize thee,' etc. Immediately afterwards he confirmed General Bragg, who then shook hands with General Polk, the officers of their respective staffs, and myself, who were the only spectators." Ever since then Bragg re-mor. I was afterwards told that he had lost generate has rather "mulled" his military business.

At Charleston Colonel Fremantle met an Englishman, Captain Feilden, late 42d Highlanders; and Captain Mitchell, son of John Mitchell: and he saw General Beauregard, whose

"Hair is gray, though not with years,

Nor grew it white in a single night,
As men's have done from sudden fears; "

but because the blockade cut off the supplies
of a certain article of the toilet! At Rich-
mond he found Mr. Benjamin, "a stout dap-
per little man," who did not hesitate to ply
him with his very peculiar views. He saw

"Mr. Jefferson Davis," he writes, " struck me as looking older than I expected. He is only fifty-six, but his face is emaciated and much wrinkled. He is nearly six feet high, His features are good, especially his eye, but is extremely thin and stoops a little. which is very bright and full of life and hu

the sight of his left eye from a recent illness. He wore a linen coat and gray trousers, and he looked, what he evidently is, a well-bred gentleman. Nothing can exceed the charm of his manner, which is simple, easy, and most fascinating."

The latter part of the book, which throughout is in the form of a diary, has been printed in a magazine. The whole of the book is as well worth reading as that published extract. It conveys a very fair idea of what manner of men they are who are now fighting in the South for their independence, and being written in a very unpretending style, it is both an agreeable and valuable glimpse of the interior of the Confederacy.

in the annals of English literature," he is, in the main, temperate in his manner of conducting the whole argument.-Reader.

The Silver Casket; or, the World and its Wiles. | glancing over his book, we have not chanced upon By A. L. O. E. T. Nelson and Sons. Pp. 254. anything which strikes us as new in the matter THIS is a religious story, the incidents of which of argument. All, however, is exceedingly well are laid in high life, a grade of society with which put; and, although Mr. Rogers does "not hesiour author does not appear over familiar. The tate to say that, for the union of boundless inacmanner of Eleanor Waters, who afterwards be- curacy with jubilant self-confidence, Dr. Colenso's comes a duchess, is not the manner of a well-publications have hitherto been without a parallel bred lady to her maid. Servants are well cared for in families of Lady Waters's rank, and seldom, if ever, make the ladies' silk dresses. A clever maid might manage a morning gown; but a dressmaker is required for a silk dress, particularly for a young lady who is fishing for a duke, and who afterwards lands him successfully. Steenie, Bertie, and Diana, the three children, are cleverly depicted, and have evidently been copied from the life. The incidents of their companionship are all natural. The allegory told by good Aunt Eva is also very clever; but it is a mistake in our author to imply that rank is generally accompanied by a carelessness in religious matters, or that riches are a sign of sin.-tions of our faith, the subjects to follow the order Reader.

The Mosaic Records. A full Investigation of the Difficulties suggested by Dr. Colenso. By Benjamin Bickley Rogers, M.A., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, and sometime Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. Oxford and London: J. H. & J. Parker. Pp. 209.

MR. ROGERS writes like a scholar; but, in

The Foundations of our Faith. Ten Papers read before a Mixed Audience of Men. By Professors Auberlen, Gess, and others. Strahan and Co. Pp. 279.

THESE able lectures, we presume, although it is nowhere stated in the volume itself, are translations from the German. We are told in the introduction by Professor Riggenbach that he and his coadjutors "had agreed to deliver a course of ten fortnightly lectures on the great founda

in which they are presented in the Apostles' Creed." The tone of the book will be gathered from the professor's concluding words: "Incontrovertibly, the very essence of religion must be positive, not negative; must be, not a mere consciousness of what we do not hold, but a simple and confident answer to these three questions: What do you believe? What are you sure of? What conception have you of God?”—Reader.

From the Reader of Sept., 1863.

SPEECHES AND LETTERS OF WENDELL

PHILLIPS.

Speeches, Lectures, and Letters by Wendell Phillips. Boston: James Redpath; London: Trübner & Co.

A GOOD deal has been said in England about the bunkum talked in American speeches, the incessant flattery that their orators pour forth on their hearers, and the necessity they are under of glorifying the material greatness of the States. Not less has been said of the rabid fanaticism of the abolitionists. We were prepared, then, for some exaggeration, some bad taste, some pandering to popular passion in the speeches of "the rabid fanatic, Wendell Phillips," as we have often heard bim called. But what do we find? Take a sample from the speech on "Lincoln's Election," dated November, 1860:

Are these the words of a fanatic? May they not be the words of a strong-hearted, clear-sighted man, of whom we can think that, whatever may be the peculiarities of his creed, and whether they can be accepted as they are or not, he is a teacher of his nation, and a pilot of some of its thoughts through the storm? Or look at his portrait. It is that of an able, gentle, cultivated Englishman, with those deep-set, far-looking eyes that your sca-side physician picks you out a pilot by. The head of a good and wise man, reminding one of Charles Darwin's, shall we say? Not a man surely to talk twaddle, or bunkum, but to see distinctly the port ho himself thinks safe, and make straight for it, and tell his crew, in plain and simple words, how to get there. The man's faith, too, in "The saddest thing in the Union meetings the power of ideas; his certainty that, if of last year was the constant presence, in all Northern belief and freedom, and Northern of them, of the clink of coin, the whir of spindles, the dust of trade. You would have intelligence-with all their drawbacks-are imagined it was an insurrection of pedlers left side by side with Southern slavery and against honest incn. Mr. Everett at Fanueil ignorance, they must prevail and conquer ;Hall, when he sought for the value of the have a certain superbness in them, coming, Union, could only bewail the loss of our as they do, from one who looks back on commercial intercourse,' the certainty of thirty-two years of persecution, and, till 'hostile tariffs,' and danger to the navy' ,'! And this is literally all the merits of the lately, seemingly resultless toil. He knows Union which he catalogues! No; I do him the want of his country. injustice. He does ask, trembling, in case of disunion, Where, oh, where, will be the flag of the United States?" Well, I think the Historical Society had better take it for their Museum. But I must confess those pictures of the mere industrial value of the made me profoundly sad. I look, as, beneath the skilful pencil, trait after trait leaps to glowing life, and ask at last, Is this all? Where are the nobler elements of national purpose and life? Is this the whole fruit of ages of toil, sacrifice, and thought,those cunning fingers, the overflowing lap, The whole of Mr. Phillips's anti-slavery labor vocal on every hillside, and commerce speeches, before the breaking out of the war, whitening every sea-all the dower of one are moral-force speeches; but, when the haughty, overbearing race? The zeal of the South chose war, then the tone changed, and Puritan, the faith of the Quaker, a century the abolitionists said, "Let them have it; of Colonial health, and then this large civili- but with no ninety days' nonsense-gird zation, does it result only in a workshop,fops melted in baths and perfumes, and men yourselves for battle to the death.” grim with toil? Raze out, then, the Eagle following passage from a speech "On the from our banner, and paint instead Niagara State of the Country," delivered in the used as a cotton-mill? Oh, no! not such spring of the present year, has a ring in it the picture my glad heart sees when I look that will impress all readers who can look at forward. Once plant deep in the nation's the American struggle, not necessarily as heart the love of right, let there grow out of partisans for the present of the North or the it the firm purpose of duty, and then from South, but at a long range of history:the higher plane of Christian manhood we can put aside, on the right hand and *' left,

6

"You cannot save men by machinery. What India and France and Spain wanted was live men; and that is what we want today-men who are willing to look their own destiny and their own responsibilities in the face. Grant me to see, and Ajax asks no more." The intelligent, thoughtful, and determined gaze of twenty millions of Christian people, there is nothing, no institution wicked and powerful enough to be able to stand against it."

•

The

"This war will never be ended by an event.