to an honorable retirement will but change was her bounden duty to do so whenever a feudal organization unsuited to the times she saw a chance. Then why is she so wickinto a scientifically organized native mon-ed for choosing what seems to herself an adarchy, not yet free indeed, and penetrated mirable opportunity? Because she will inwith the disease of militarism, but fairly terrupt English investments in Hungarian governed, open to commerce, free from ob-railways, or why? We have not common scurantism, and sure to be in this genera- patience with such emasculated politics. tion once more constitutional. There is no Better a dozen wars than that Venetia particular reason why we should rave at should remain crushed down, as she is, by such a probability as that, or affect an im- sheer brute force, than the spectacle of mense regard for the forty or fifty oppressive wrong permanently triumphant, and the and greedy little families whose power of priest and the soldier combining successfully doing evil will be reduced in the process. to trample down a free race of a higher civWe o not like, any more than the Daily ilization than their own! But Prussia will News, the mode of the operation. War, cheat the Italians? Very possibly, if she though not the greatest of evils, is a great could, though an abler than Bismark tried one, and Count von Bismark, though not that game and was beaten within six months; the most insolent of mankind, has a frank- but Prussia can't. The "price" to be paid ness which is based on contempt, but war to Italy is simply this that she can enter and the Count are temporary nuisances, and the Quadrilateral rather more easily while the dual organization of Germany is a per- Prussia is threatening Bohemia, than while manent gain again because it unites a Prussia is supporting the German right to great people under a form admitting of Venice. If she does not enter, she has action, a gain because it prohibits their fought as she would have done without union in a form which would be a menace Prussia; if she does enter, let, Prussia to Europe. Liberals no more want to see a swindle her out of her regained property if united Germany threatening all the world, she can. with the secret sympathy of the Royal caste in every country, than they want to see Lippe Limberg maintained in his possession of the right of life and death. Doubtless the means might have been better. We should have greatly preferred to see the ablest and wisest heads of Germany assembled at Frankfort in peaceful parliament, there to decree a union instantly carried out; but how much chance is there of all that, or is the world to wait for its great objects till kings surrender thrones from generosity, and armies disband themselves from a conviction that war endangers the soul? Let us form any judgment acceptable at once to the reason and the conscience, but let it at least be a masculine one not based on a factitious regret for States which, had the Congress of Vienna done its work thoroughly, would by this time have been forgotten.

We would far rather it had been regained in another way; that the Hapsburgs, taught by their conflict of centuries, had at last made Venetia the dower of an Archduchess, and entered the struggle sure of the friendship, if not of the sympathy, of the only free Power which can give them serious aid. But as they will not relax their grasp, why is it so wicked to strike them fairly on the knuckles? so evil to ask aid from Bismark when it was right to take it from Napoleon? -so immoral to fire on Mantua when it was noble to batter Gaeta? Italy is tricking nobody, is ungrateful to nobody, is not even breaking with a friend. She simply strikes for her own, accepting such aid, bad or good, as circumstances may yield her. When the passer-by stops the thief, we do not ask his previous moral history.

The root of all this injustice and preference for sentiment over policy is the secret The charge against Italy is still more unjust. dread lest France should in the long run be She, forsooth, is allying herself with the op- aggrandized. We do not wish that, any pressor to disturb the peace of the world, more than our neighbours, but how is it and is gravely told that if she assists a des- likely to happen? "The Rhine as Engpot she will lose the sympathies of liberal glishmen understand the phrase, i. e., BelEurope. Did we lose them when we allied gium, Napoleon will not get without fightourselves with Napoleon in order to defend ing England-the last enterprise he is in the Asiatic horde whom it suits our interest any degree likely to attempt. As against to permit to desolate the fairest corner of any other aggrandizement, say the possesEurope and the richest provinces of West-sion of Saar-louis, or even of trans-Rhenan ern Asia? Nobody argues that Italy has Prussia, we have these counterpoises to con not a right to fight Austria for Venetia if she sider. That a free State of twenty-fou likes, and most Liberals would argue that it millions of people, with a mountain fron

tier, will be seated on the Mediterranean, served by the visibly fearful consequences with its existence and prosperity dependent which will follow its interruption. The Govon the freedom of that sea. That on the east ernment of corporals at Berlin is no pleasantFrance will be bounded by an Empire of er to us than to any other Liberals, but that twenty-five millions of brave men, strongly is no reason why we should be blind to the eforganized, and penetrated by an immovable fects which its action, selfish or sincere, as it social, political, and intellectual dislike of may be, must ultimately produce. "BlindFrance. That on the north-west France will ly the wicked work the righteous will of be bounded as now by a kingdom feeble in- Heaven," and Count von Bismark in annexdeed, but felt by a great military monarchy to ing a Duchy to keep down constitutionalists, be the buffer which protects herself and may help materially to lay the foundation France from the chances of a daily collision. of a European system in which standing France, even if nominally aggrandized, will armies shall be of little account, and freebe really restricted; there will be no terri- dom therefore the only permanent possitory left to acquire at a cost less than that of bility. a war for existence, and peace will be pre

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THE PROUD CHARACTER. The chief window came the bellow of a cow, which made and common companion of pride is ignorance. the church ring, and drowned the sound of the Our pride feeds itself by dwelling upon the pos- organ. I looked up to the huge instrument, session of some ornament which we believe to with its rows of gigantic tubes, realizing in my be extraordinarily brilliant. But did we see the fancy the tremendous bellows and the man precious jewels which adorn many others in blowing them in the sweat of his brow; and like circumstances, we would shun to wear then going to the window I looked at the cow, ours, and would meekly set ourselves to in- a comparatively little animal, six feet long and crease our store of grace. When the savage five high, and thought of its little throat, from points proudly at the glass beads that adorn his which the powerful note procceded. And I neck, or a schoolboy plumes himself upon being said to myself, "We have much to learn yet beable to spell out a common word, we cannot fore we shall be able to rival nature's sounds!" help laughing at their foolish ignorance. One The man who has some idea, however dim, day, when sitting in an express train, I noticed of the boundless ocean of knowledge and a swallow flying along -now far ahead, now far behind, making flying circles, as it seemed, round the train. "I wonder," thought I, "what that little creature would say if it could describe the impression which our highly-prized invention must make upon it. It must be much amused at the huge engine, with the puffing chimney, and all the snorting, whistling, hissing, and rattling, while it, without the slightest noise or effort, but only with a pair of tiny wings, which one might put into his waistcoat pocket, accomplishes a speed of from eighty to ninety miles an hour. Surely we have not yet learned all the art of locomotion, even with our six thousand years' studying and trying!" Once-it was a week-day- I stood in a large country church, and looked at the splendid organ which towered up to the ceiling. It was just being tuned, and the organist sent forth a powerful roll of sound. Adjacent to the church was a meadow, and through the open

science, whereof that which we do know is but a little drop, will deem nothing more absurd than proud self-elevation over the little know. ledge we have; and it may be safely affirmed that a proud man, even though he were the most eminent among the learned or gifted, must be an esprit borne a man whose range of view is, after all, sadly limited. Nor is this applica ble only to science, but to every other sphere of mental development. A man who puts himself forward on the ground of his moral excellence, can only do so by shutting his eyes to the faults which he has left uncorrected, and to the impure motives which disguise themselves under the mask of his moral integrity. Moral or spiritual pride is always a sign of want of self-knowledge. A wise builder will never continue building up a lofty tower after he knows that there are rotten spots in the foundation. Sunday Magazine.

No. 1145. Fourth Series, No. 6. 12 May, 1866.

THE LIVING TEMPLE; OR, SCRIPTURAL VIEWS OF THE CHURCH. By John S. Stone, D. D., Griswold Lecturer in the Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Philadelphia. New York: A. D. F. Randolph.

THE RESTORATION; OR, THE HOPE OF THE EARLY CHURCH REALIZED. By the Rev. Henry A. Riley. Philadelphia: Smith, English, & Co.

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CORRESPONDENCE.

WE beg pardon of "Churchman," for delaying answer to the following letter, which alludes to a notice on the cover of 1141. We had been so much "That impressed by the Prayer for Congress:all things may be so ordered and settled by their endeavours, upon the best and surest foundations, that peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion and piety, may be established among us for all gener. ations; "that we thought it worthy of being used by people of all Christian denominations.

If we did not quote the "Old Book" from which it was taken, the letter of our correspondent will make all right. We will readily join him in the "Prayer for the President"- too.

EDITOR LIVING AGE.

Sunday, April 15, 1866.

Dear Sir -In my Church this morning, I heard and used the "Prayer for Congress" which you commend in your No. 1141. For nearly fifty years, I have heard it, and well known it by heart, as it is in that "Old Book" called the Prayer Book of the Episcopal Church, where, also, for the President of the Uni you can find a prayer

ted States and all others in authority!"

Both these prayers are now, as (formerly), used in the Episcopal Church North and South, on every occasion of Public Worship, by rubric, the prayer for Congress being omitted, only when Congress is not in session. I am very glad you have got out a new Boston notion on the subject, and think you should do justice in publishing in what "Old Book" the prayer is to be found. By so doing, you can condone for publishing as Literature, articles like "Black and White children in Richmond," all well enough in their way; but of which the daily political papers furnish quantum suff., and don't leave them even the merit of novelty. Yours,

CHURCHMAN.

P. S. The Prayer for Congress and that for the President were both prepared and adopted by the Convention of the Episcopal Church, immediately after the adoption of the Constitution, and have been printed in Every Edition of the Prayer Book for more than three quarters of a century.

AUTOGRAPH LETTER OF THE QUEEN TO MR. PEABODY.-The following graceful letter has been written by the Queen to Mr. Peabody:

"WINDSOR CASTLE, March 28, 1866. "The Queen hears that Mr. Peabody intends shortly to return to America, and she would be sorry that he should leave England without being assured by herself how deeply she appreciates the noble act of more than princely munificence by which he has sought to relieve the wants of the poorer classes of her subjects residing in London. It is an act, as the Queen believes, wholly without parallel, and which will carry its best reward in the consciousness of having contributed so largely to the assistance of those who can little help them selves. The Queen would not, however, have been satisfied without giving Mr. Peabody some public mark of her sense of his munificence, and she would gladly have conferred upon him either a baronetcy, or the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, but that she understands Mr. Peabody to feel himself debarred from accepting such distinctions. It only remains, therefore, for the Queen to give Mr. Pea body this assurance of her personal feelings, which she would further wish to mark by asking him to accept a miniature portrait of herself, which she will desire to have painted for him, and which, when finished, can either be sent to him to America, or given to him on the return which, she rejoices to hear, he meditates to the country that owes him so mucli."

The London Times says: It is to an American that we are indebted for the greatest boon ever given to the poor of London, and it is to a citizen of

the United States that the Queen has thought it right to address this personal expression of gratitude. We cannot but believe that such an occur rence will have no little influence in augmenting the good feeling which should prevail between the two countries. Mr. Peabody has done more to foster among us a kindly feeling for his countrymen than could have been effected by a generation of statesmen, and the Queen's letter will, we hope, be received by the Americans as a conspicuous evidence of the friendly regard toward them which such acts have called forth on our part. Between no two countries are friendly relations more natural than between England and America, and we trust that this story of munificence and of gratitude may long be remembered in both nations as a pledge of peace and friendship.

MR. PEABODY'S REPLY TO THE QUEEN.-The following letter appears in the "London Times" of the 12th inst., with the remark that it was transmitted to the Queen through Earl Russell:

"THE PALACE HOTEL, BUCKINGHAM-GATE, LONDON, April 3. "MADAME, -I feel sensibly my inability to ex press in adequate terms the gratification with which I have read the letter which your Majesty has done me the high honour of transmitting by the hands of Earl Russell.

"On the occasion which has attracted your Majesty's attention of setting apart a portion of my property to ameliorate the condition and augment the comforts of the poor of London, I have been actuated by a deep sense of gratitude to God, who has blessed me with prosperity, and of attachment to this great country, where, under your Majesty's benign rule, I have received so much personal kindness, and enjoyed so many years of happiness.

"Next to the approval of my own conscience, I shall always prize the assurance which your Ma Jesty's letter conveys to me of the approbation of the Queen of England, whose whole life has attested that her exalted station has in no degree dimin ished her sympathy with the humblest of her subjects.

"The portrait which your Majesty is graciously pleased to bestow on me I shall value. as the most Precious heirloom that I can leave in the land of my birth, where, together with the letter which your Majesty has addressed to me, it will ever be regarded as an evidence of the kindly feeling of the Queen of the United Kingdom towards a citizen of the United States.

"I have the honour to be your Majesty's most GEORGE PEABODY.. obedient servant,

"To Her Majesty the Queen." "The Times" devotes an editorial to the correspondence, and remarks:

"The virtue of which Mr. Peabody is so admirable an example is one which no person is more capable than Her Majesty of properly appreciating, and that she should have broken through the customary restrictions of royalty in order to acknowledge Mr. Peabody's merit is the highest honor which his munificence could have received. But Her Maj esty's letter bears no less significance as proceeding from the Queen of England, and from the representative of the whole English nation. In the letter which Mr. Peabody will so justly prize he has been as it were, publicly thanked in the name of England for the benefits he has conferred on this country, and such an honour, we are justified in saying, is the greatest which a private citizen can receive. Great as it is, however, it is only worthy of the occasion, for, if the honour is almost unique, the virtue which has called it forth is unprecedented. We should have been more than unworthy of Mr. Peabody's munificence if we had failed to acknowledge it in the most conspicuous manner in our power, and Her Majesty has consulted no less her own feelings than the wishes of her people in thus recording her own and the national gratitude."

From Macmillan's Magazine.
WILLIAM WHEWELL.

IN MEMORIAM.

THE name of "Whewell," confined to a few households in the North of England, had never been borne by any one of note till he whose death we are now deploring made it famous among all English-speaking men. He himself believed it to be identical with "Wyvill," but we are not aware that there is any ground, beyond this questionable etymology, for connecting his lineage with that of a family which dates from the chivalry of the Middle Ages. Be that as may, the proudest "Sir Marmaduke" of them all need not have blushed to acknowledge, as his descendant, one who was so stalwart in body, so fearless in spirit, so ready to maintain the right, to redress the wrong, and to do battle with all comers for his country and his faith.

it

this exhibition, then worth about 501. a year, he commenced residence at Trinity as a sub-sizar in October, 1812. The same exhibition had been held fifty-eight years before by Watson, subsequently Bishop of Llandaff. There are those still living who remember Whewell as he first appeared at Cambridge, a tall, ungainly youth, with grey worsted stockings and country-made shoes. But he soon became known in the college as the most promising man of his year. He was elected in due course to a foundation sizarship and to à scholarship. In his second year he gained the Chancellor's medal for the best English poem, on the subject of Boadicea. In the mathematical tripos of 1816 he graduated as second wrangler, the first place being gained, contrary to general expectation, by Jacob of Caius College. The Smith's Prize examination gave the same result. Whewell is said to have consoled himself by an apt quotation: "Is he not rightly named Jacob, for he hath supplanted me these two times?" His rival abandoned science for law. In the same

op of Chester, was fourth wrangler and senior medallist; Hamilton, of Trinity, the present Dean of Salisbury, was ninth wrangler; Sheepshanks, founder of the exhibition which bears his name, tenth; and Blunt, of St. John's, the loved and lamented Margaret professor, fifteenth. Fourth in the senior optimes was Elliott, author of

William Whewell was born at Lancaster on May 24th, 1794. His father, a housecarpenter not, as has been said, a blacksmith was a man of probity and intelli- year, Graham, of Christ's, afterwards Bishgence. His intellectual strength came from the mother's side. She is still remembered as a person of remarkably powerful and cultivated mind, though she never attempted any literary task beyond the humble one of contributing annually enigmas and charades to the Lady's Diary. Of such trifles her son was fond to the last. To both his parents he was always dutiful and affection-"Hora Apocalyptica." Another honoured ate. The family consisted of two sons and name, which does not appear on the mathethree daughters. The other son, a child of matical tripos of the year, was that of remarkable promise, died at the age of ten. Julius Charles Hare. He was elected fel From his earliest years, William Whewell low the year after Whewell, and was one of was passionately fond of books. At a very his dearest friends. Twenty years later, in early age he had read through all the vol- dedicating to him his "Sermons on the umes in his father's little library, which in- Foundation of Morals," Whewell writes: cluded, among others, the "Spectator." "I turn to the speculations which these Addison may thus have contributed to form pages contain with a more cheerful and his excellent English style. He was al- kindly spirit, because they carry me back ways reading. He who as a man took such to the days in which you still resided in our keen interest in all the serious pursuits of much-loved Trinity College; when I had men, as a boy never shared in the amuse- the delight of constant intercourse with you, ments of boys. This was attributed - and and such themes were not unfamiliar to our the cause will surprise those who only knew conversation." him in his robust and vigorous manhood to the bodily langour produced by ill-health. He suffered from an obstinate derangement of the digestive organs, which was finally removed by the treatment of a Cambridge physician. He was educated first at the grammar-school of his native place, and afterwards at Heversham, whither he removed in order to be qualified for holding an exhibition to Trinity College, Cambridge, connected with that school. Having gained

Whewell was elected Fellow of Trinity in 1817, and soon afterwards commenced lecturing on mathematics as assistant-tutor, at the moderate salary of 751. per annum. His earliest_book_seems to have been a "Syllabus of an Elementary Treatise on Mechanics," published in 1821. This was followed by "A Treatise on Dynamics,” 1823. These two works were the bases of many successive volumes on mechanics, variously recast, expanded, and subdivided by