certificate does not take effect until the applicant has taken the oath of allegiance.

An alien to whom a certificate of naturalization is granted is, in the United Kingdom, entitled to all political and other rights, powers, and privileges, and is subject to all obligations, to which a natural-born British subject is entitled, or subject in the United Kingdom, with this qualification, that he is not, when within the limits of the foreign state of which he was a subject previously to obtaining his certificate of naturalization, to be deemed to be a British subject unless he has ceased to be a subject of that state in pursuance of the laws thereof, or in pursuance of a treaty to that effect.

(ii) Renunciation.

RULE 26. Any British subject who has at any time before, or may at any time after, the 12th day of May, 1870, when in any foreign state and not under any disability, voluntarily become naturalized in such state, is, from and after the time of his so having become naturalized in such foreign state, to be deemed to have ceased to be a British subject and to be regarded as an alien.

RULE 27. Where the Crown has entered into a convention with any foreign state to the effect that the subjects or citizens of that state who have been naturalized as British subjects may divest themselves of their status as such subjects, it may be declared, by Order in Council, that such convention has been entered into by the Crown; and from and after the date of such Order in Council, any person [not being under any disability (?) and] being originally a subject or citizen of the tate referred to in such Order, who has been naturalized as a British subject, may, within such limit of time as may be provided in the convention, make a declaration of alienage, and from and after the date of his so making such declaration such person is to be regarded as an alien, and as a subject of the state to which he originally belonged as aforesaid.

RULE 28.- Any person who by reason of his having been

born within the British dominions is a natural-born subject, but who also at the time of his birth became under the law of any foreign state a subject of such state, and is still such subject, may, if not under any disability, make a declaration of alienage, and from and after the making of such declaration of alienage such person ceases to be a British subject, i. e., becomes an alien.

RULE 29. Any person who is born out of the British dominions, of a father being a British subject, may, if not under any disability, make a declaration of alienage, and from and after the making of such declaration ceases to be a British subject, i. e., becomes an alien.

(iii) Resumption.

RULE 30. Any statutory alien [not being under any disability?] may, on performing the same conditions and adducing the same evidence as is required under Rule 25 in the case of an alien applying for a certificate of naturalization, apply to the Secretary of State for a certificate (hereinafter referred to as a certificate of re-admission to British nationality) re-admitting him to the status of a British subject. The Secretary of State has the same discretion as to the giving or withholding of the certificate as in the case of a certificate of naturalization, and an oath of allegiance is in like manner required previously to the issuing of the certificate.

A statutory alien to whom a certificate of re-admission to British nationality has been granted from the date of the certificate of re-admission, but not in respect of any previous transaction, resumes his position as a British subject; with this qualification, that, within the limits of the foreign state of which he became a subject, he is not to be deemed to be a British subject unless he has ceased to be a subject of that foreign state according to the laws thereof, or in pursuance of a treaty to that effect.

The jurisdiction exercisable under this Rule by the Secretary of State in the United Kingdom in respect of the

grant of a certificate of re-admission to British nationality, in the case of any statutory alien being in any British possession, may be exercised by the governor of such possession; and residence in such possession is, in the case of such person, to be deemed equivalent to residence in the United Kingdom.

II. ACQUISITION, LOSS, ETC., BY PERSON BEING UNDER DISABILITY.

(i) Married Woman.

RULE 31. A married woman is to be deemed to be a subject of the state of which her husband is for the time being a subject.

RULE 32. A widow continues to be the subject of the state of which her late husband was at his death a subject, until she changes her nationality.

RULE 33. A divorced woman continues to be the subject of the state of which her husband was a subject immediately before or at the moment of divorce, until she changes her nationality (?).

(ii) Infant.

RULE 34.- Where a father, or a mother being a widow, has obtained a certificate of naturalization in the United Kingdom, every child of such father or mother, who during infancy has become resident with such father or mother in any part of the United Kingdom, or with such father while in the service of the Crown out of the United Kingdom, is to be deemed to be a naturalized British subject.

[This Rule applies (semble) to children born out of the British dominions as well after as before the parent's naturalization.]

RULE 35.- Where a father being a British subject, or a mother being a British subject and a widow, becomes an alien under any of the foregoing Rules, every child of such father or mother who during infancy has become resident in the country where the father or mother is naturalized,

and has, according to the laws of such country, become naturalized therein, is to be deemed to be a subject of the state of which the father or mother has become a subject, and not a British subject.

RULE 36.- Where a father, or a mother being a widow, has obtained a certificate of re-admission to British nationality, every child of such father or mother, who during infancy has become resident in the British dominions with such father or mother, is to be deemed to have resumed the position of a British subject to all intents.

RULE 37.-Subject to the exceptions hereinafter mentioned, any person who is not a British subject under Rules 20 to 36, is an alien.

Exception 1.- Any person is a British subject who is made so by virtue of letters of denization.

Exception 2.-Any person is a British subject who is naturalized under or by any Act of Parliament.

Exception 3.- Any person is a British subject within the limits of any British possession, i. e., of any colony, plantation, island, territory, or settlement in the British dominions, who is naturalized by any law duly made by the legislature of such possession.

BOOK II.

JURISDICTION.

PART I.

JURISDICTION OF THE HIGH COURT.

CHAPTER IV.

GENERAL RULES AS TO JURISDICTION.

(A) WHERE JURISDICTION DOES NOT EXIST.

(i) In Respect of Persons.

RULE 38.-The Court has (subject to the exceptions hereinafter mentioned) no jurisdiction to entertain an action or other proceeding against

(1) any foreign sovereign;

(2) any ambassador or other diplomatic agent representing a foreign sovereign and accredited to the Crown;

(3) any person belonging to the suite of such ambassador or diplomatic agent.

An action or proceeding against the property of any of the persons enumerated in this Rule is, for the purpose of this Rule, an action or proceeding against such person. Exception 1.-The Court has jurisdiction to entertain an action against a foreign sovereign, or (semble) an ambassador, diplomatic agent, or other person coming within the terms of Rule 38 (2) and (3), if such foreign sovereign, ambassador, or other person, having appeared before the Court voluntarily, waives his privilege and submits to the jurisdiction of the Court.

Exception 2.- The Court has jurisdiction to entertain an action against a person belonging to the suite of an ambassador or diplomatic agent, if such person engages in trade (?).

(ii) In Respect of Subject-Matter.

RULE 39.-Subject to the exception hereinafter mentioned, the Court has no jurisdiction to entertain an action for

(1) the determination of the title to, or the right to the possession of, any immovable situate out of England (foreign land), or

(2) the recovery of damages for trespass to such immovable.

Exception.

The Court has jurisdiction to entertain an action against a person who is in England respecting an immovable situate out of England (foreign land), on the ground of either

(a) a contract between the parties to the action, or

(b) an equity between such parties,

with reference to such immovable.

RULE 40. — The Court has no jurisdiction to entertain an action for the enforcement, either directly or indirectly, of a penal law of a foreign country.

(B) WHERE JURISDICTION EXISTS.

(i) In Respect of Persons.

RULE 41.- Subject to Rule 38, and to the exception