POPULAR ENCYCLOPEDIA;

BEING A GENERAL DICTIONARY OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY,

AND

POLITICAL ECONOMY.

REPRINTED FROM THE AMERICAN EDITION OF THE "CONVERSATIONS LEXICON,"

WITH CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS,

SO AS TO RENDER it suitable TO THIS COUNTRY, AND BRING IT DOWN TO THE present time.

WITH

DISSERTATIONS

ON THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF LITERATURE,

BY SIR D. K. SANDFORD, A. M. Oxon., D. C. L.

ON THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE,

BY THOMAS THOMSON, M. D., F. R. S. L. & E., &c. &c.

AND

ON THE PROGRESS OF THE FINE ARTS,
BY ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, Esq.

VOLUME VII.—PART I.

GLASGOW:

BLACKIE & SON, 38, QUEEN STREET,

AND 5, SOUTH COLLEGE STREET, EDINBURGH.

7

F. T. Hagadorn
New Your

BOUND MAY 13 1910

GLASGOW:
PRINTED BY W. G. BLACKIE, & Co.,

VILLAFIELD.