resulted. Undoubtedly it was the most popular marching song of the war. BATTLE-HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC 470. Mrs. Howe visited Washington in December, 1861, and while there saw much of the regiments quartered about the city. She heard the John Brown song everywhere sung, and impressed by the inadequacy of the words, even as Pike had been impressed by the inferiority of the early version of Dixie, she wrote before she left the city what she called The Battle-Hymn of the Republic. It was first published in the Atlantic Monthly, February, 1862, and has now taken its place as The American Battle Hymn. THE BLUE AND THE GRAY 475. First published in the Atlantic Monthly, September, 1867. To this first appearance of the poem was prefixed a quotation from the New York Tribune: The women of Columbus, Mississippi, animated by nobler sentiments than are many of their sisters, have shown themselves impartial in their offerings made to the memory of the dead. They strewed flowers alke on the graves of the Confederate and of the National heroes.' Finch was a native of Ithaca, N. Y., and was long prominently identified with Cornell University. EUROPE 776. The poem deals with the revolution of 1848 in France which overthrew the ccrrupt Louis Philippe. The revolution as a whole was a failure. After insurrection and turmoil, gradually the monarchial forces gained control until by August, 1849, the old system had been completely restored. FRANCE 477. Modern France was born from the French Revolution which is the. subject of this poem. MANAHATTA 478. Manhattan Island, or New York City. 17. Trottoirs, French word for pavements. CAPTAIN, MY CAPTAIN 480. This poem and When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd are without doubt the finest of all the elegiac verse called out by the death of Lincoln. O STAR OF FRANCE 488. The poem was written during the dark days of the Franco-Prussian war, after the French armies had been crushingly defeated or. the frontier and the commune had taken possession of Paris. THOU MOTHER WITH THY EQUAL BROOD 489. This poem was read by Whitman before the Literary Societies of Dartmouth College, June 26, 1872, and published the same year in pamphlet form. In 1876 it was included in Leaves of Grass. To the earlier edition were added later what are now the first thirteen lines of the poem in its present form, besides many other additions and changes. I have followed the latest text. DEMOCRATIC VISTAS 492. In 1871, Whitman issued what unquestionably is his most notable prose work, Democratic Vistas. It is pitched in major key: it swells O'Connor's piping note into a trumpe: blast. Boldly and radically it called for a new school of literature. The old is outgrown, it cried; the new is upon us; make ready for the great tide cf democratic poetry and prose that even now is sweeping away the old landmarks. To the new era it was what Emerson's American Scholar was to the period that had opened in the thirties. It was our last declaration of literary independence.'-- American Literature Since 1870. 493. a. 1. Promulge, coined by Whitman. Promulgate is the proper word. 495. b. 36. Haut ton, high tone. 500. b. 30. Con amore, with love. THE PRAYER OF COLUMBUS 501. In the Preface to the pcem in the collected edition of 1876, Whitman explained: 'It was near the close of his indomitable and pious life on his last voyage when nearly seventy years of age. that Columbus, to save his two remaining ships from foundering in the Caribbean Sea in a terrible storm, had to run them ashore on the Island of Jamaica where, laid up for a long and miserable year- -1503 he was taken very sick, had several relapses, his men revolted, and death seem'd daily imminent; though he was eventually rescued, and sent home to Spain to die, unrecognized, neglected and in want. . . . It is only ask'd, as preparation and atmosphere for the following lines, that the bare authentic facts be recall'd and realized, and nothing contributed by the fancy. See, the Antillean island, with its florid skies and rich foliage and scenery, the waves beating the solitary sands, and the hulls of the ships in the distance. See the figure of the great Admiral, walking the beach, as a stage, in this sublimest tragedy, what poem, so piteous and majestic as the real scene? - and hear him uttering as his mystical and religious soul surely utters, the ideas following - perhaps, in their equivalents, the very words.' It is believed by many that this poem has autobiographic touches. It is a picture of Whitman himself in his last years. MY DOUBLE AND HOW HE UNDID ME 504. a. 17. Rasselas, a moralizing romance written by Dr. Samuel Johnson. 26. Sandemanian. The Sandemanians were a small religious sect founded by a Scotchman, Robert Sandeman, who came to America in 1764. 24. Paraheliacal, sun-equaling, or dazzling like the sun. 505. a. 31. Richard Greenough, born 1819, American sculptor. b. 21. Frederic Ingham, the pen name used by Hale for some of his early writings, notably The Man Without a Country. 506. a. 12. Thalaba, the chief character in Robert Southey's poem Thalaba the Destroyer. 19. Sanctissimum, a superlative coined by the author. An author's study is often called his sanctum,' meaning place sacred to him and his work. b. 58. Midshipman Easy, Captain Frederick Marryat's popular sea novel Midshipman Easy appeared in 1834. 507. a. 7. The Academy. In early New England days a private high school was often called an academy, a name derived from Plato's school of philosophy, the Academy, at Athens. 508. a. 31. Semiramis, queen of Assyria, who after the death of her husband, brought her empire to a brilliant height of glory. b. 28. Quaene sit, etc. What is the history of the Reformation in Hungary? 31. In seculo decimo tertio, etc. In the thirteenth century, etc. 49. Diggory, a rustic character in Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer. 509. a. 9. Ollendorf, author of an elementary phrase book for learners of French. MY OUT-DOOR STUDY 513. This is the tenth paper in Out-Door Papers, published in book form, 1863. 516. b. 8. William Wilkie Collins (1824-89), English novelist, had issued, when Higginson's essay was written, The Dead Secret and The Woman in White, titles that suggest the type of fiction to which they belong. 23. John Constable, (1776-1837), English landscape painter. 50. Thoreau's Walden had appeared in 1854. 517. a. 44. Henry T. Buckle, (1821-62), English historian, author of History of Civilization in England. 55. Vishnu Purana, one of the eighteen Sanscrit works which deal with the doctrines of Brahmanism. b. 517. Brentano. German romantic poet and novelist (1778-1842). 519. a. 20. Subde caput, etc. Put down your head, at the same time put down your body, at the same time wash out your hair. 520. b. 33. De soir fontaines, etc. In the evening fountains; in the morning mountains. L'ENVOI 521. This was the closing poem of Taylor's Poems of the Orient, a collection which he published after his tour through Egypt, Asia Minor, India, China and Japan and other lands during the years between 1851-53, a journey of over fifty thousand miles. THE NATIONAL ODE The National Ode' was delivered at the celebration of the Fourth of July at the Centennial at Philadelphia in 1876. An immense platform had been built running the length of Independence Hall. A most distinguished gathering it was, resplendent in the midst of it Emperor of Brazil and his suite. At last Bayard Taylor's part came. He stood upon the speaker's stand, without manuscript or notes of any kind, and in his full, strong voice began,— "Sun of the stately Day." There was something in his presence, erect, impressive, filled with a solemn sense of the moment, something in his voice, clear, penetrating, sonorous, and charged with profound emotion, which stilled the noise and tumult of those before him, hushed even the lively creatures in the branches, and made the vast audience listen. He had mastered the situation in a moment, and filled with his theme, he poured out his ode with a majesty of expression which held the people to the close. It was a real victory for Poetry.'- Taylor's Life and Letters of Bayard Taylor. THE DIAMOND LENS 538. b. 37. Leeuwenhoek, Antonius von, Dutch microscopist, born 1632. He discovered among other things the red-corpuscles of the blood. Williamson and the others mentioned in the list were noted naturalists and microscopists. 539. b. 19. Camera-lucida, an apparatus for projecting a microscopic image upon paper so it can be sketched. 540. b. 17. Argus, in Greek mythology the hundredeyed creature slain by Hermes. 40. Caballero, a Spanish knight or cavalier. 43. Cellini, Benvenuto, born 1500, Italian sculptor and silversmith. 541. a. 11. Ah! mon ami, Ah! my friend. 17. Le renard is French and tulpes Latin for fox. b. 7. Palissy, Bernard, born 1510, French pot ter. 542. b. 23. Inter se, among themselves. 44. Rapport, harmonious relation. 543. a. 24. Carcel lamp, a lamp invented by Carcel, a Frenchman, which is fed by oil pumped to it by a mechanical device. 544. a. 16. Chansons. The chanson is a French lyric form of poetry primarily to be sung. 546. a. 28. Alexander, according to tradition, wished for new worlds to conquer. 547. a. 29. Hybla, a city of Sicily celebrated for its honey. 36. Naiad, a water nymph. 548. a. 54. Salmacis, in Greek mythology the nymph of a fountain in Caria. She and Hermaphroditus were blended into one. b. 18. Count de Gabalis, a member of the Rosicrucians, an occult order of the seventeenth century made up of philosophers who professed to be deeply versed in the secrets of nature. b. 56. Danseuse... Niblo's - a dancer.. Niblo's theater, New York. 549. a. 31. Pas-de-fascination, the step of fascination, or the climactic moment of the dance. 569. b. 14. John Martin (1789-1354), an English 571. b. 45. Reliquiae, remains, fragments. 572. a. 29. In 1837 Walter Savage Landor issued 42. Post facto, after the deed is done - an His b. 2. Thomas Holley Chivers, (1807-58), a Georgia physician, has been often mentioned as a source from which Poe plagiar zed. Poe in his 'Chapter on Autobiography' called him one of the best and one of the worst poets in America. productions affect one as a wild dream-strange, incongruous, full of images of more than arabesque monstrosity, and snatches of sweet unsustained song. Even his worst nonsense (and some of it is horrible) has an indefinite charm of sentiment and melody. We can never be sure that there is any meaning in his words.' The poem which Taylor and Swinburne made merry over was undoubtedly Rosalie Lee with stanzas such as these: 'Hang mellow Cydonian Suckets, Sweet apples anthosmial, divine, 1 To my Dove-like Rosalie Lee- Taylor has parodied the poem in his Diversions of 573. a. 3. Mr. Miller, probably Joe' Miller, the 51. William Beckford, whose romance Vathek 57. John P. Kennedy, the Southern novelist, author of Swallow Barn, was ore of the board of judges that in 1833 awarded the prize to Poe for the best tale submitted to the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. 73. b. 16. Raconteur, story teller. 606. Th Lincoln left Wasm 01 him from seven o'clock till nearly very hard day with him. The seen was a ex party 3 LEAVES OF GRASS 627. In 1867 when Burroughs issued this first book 574..b. 44. Griswold in such collections 575. a. 10. Stedman, with a sensitiveness which con. 577. b. 4. Heinrich Heine, the German poet (1797- 'With difficulty I dragged myself to the Louvre, Emma Lazarus, in her poem 'Venus of the language there is anything more delicate, tender, arch, and spherical in rounded beauty.' The setting for the story Aldrich knew intimately. He had removed with his parents to New Orleans in 1846, when he was ten years of age, and had lived there until the death of his father three years later. b. 8. Sir Charles Lyell, 1797-1875, the celebrated British geologist, visited the United States in 1841, in 1845-46, and several times later. His book A Second Visit to the United States of North America appeared in 1849. 581, b. 9. Entre or et roux, etc. God made her TO ENGLAND 590. These sonnets are part of a series written by Boker at the time of the Crimean war. The To America is an echo of the same period. DIRGE FOR A SOLDIER 592. General Philip Kearney, a graduate of Columbia, joined the army in 1837, spent two years with the army of France, was a cavalry leader in the Mexican war, became commander in the Army of the Potomac in 1862, and was killed at Chantilly in 1862. He was a dashing romantic type of soldier and his loss was felt to be a severe blow to the Northern cause. TO GEORGE H. BOKER 593. In the third stanza reference is made to Boker's four tragedies, Calaynos, Anne Boleyn, Leonor de Guzman, and Francesca da Rimini, the reference to hell's murk air' in the last coming from the fact that Dante in his journey through the Infernal regions encountered the unhappy lovers there. In the fourth stanza the allusion is to Boker's comedy The Widow's Marriage. that moon ition, he seen -h A MUSICAL REVIEW 598. a. 3. Il frappe, etc, comic French for He knocks everything perfectly cold. 26. Longitude 115, etc. Extreme south-eastern -nia. NOTES 'The most damaging evidence was that of one 'Lincoln's address to the jury was full of pathos. was Then procuring an almanac, he passed it to the judge and jury. on JIM BLUDSO to 'Bret 653. To the Overland Monthly for September, 1870,' writes Thayer in his life of Hay, Harte contributed Plain Language from Truthful James, in which he introduced the Heathen Chinee to an international audience. during Hay's visit [Illinois, on the banks of the Mississippi] he is said to have written two poems, Little Breeches and Jim Bludso in the supposed dialect of the unThe following month, his family in Warsaw shorn Westerners. with Hay in the hotel overlooking the river at Keokuk when he dashed off Jim Bludso. Some one reports that he was have been many other statements and counterstatements, and much speculation. . . Little Breeches in the miscellaneous columns of he Weekly Tribune, on Dec. 2, 1870, signed only his initials. It had an instant There Hay printed succe ble only to that of the He In March, 1871, he n Jim Blu re aunty, originally Pike County, nymous with a Georgiae poor white. See 660. Squire Gaylord rallied from the shock of KIT CARSON'S RIDE 678. I have used the text that Miller made in was coarse and Carson F politics. Casual visitors tarried for a few hours to shake hands with the newly chosen chief; correspondents of leading newspapers established temporary headquarters from which to send their readers pen-pictures of his personal appearance, his daily habits, his home and public surroundings, and to catch the flying and often contradictory rumors of his probable intentions. Artists came to paint his portrait, ambitious politicians to note new party currents, and veteran statesmen to urge the adoption of favorite theories or the advancement of favorite adherents.'-Nicolay and Hay. 'PETROLEUM V. NASBY' 606. The Saturday evening before President Lincoln left Washington, to go to the front, just previous to the capture of Richmond, I was with him from seven o'clock till nearly twelve. It had been a very hard day with him. The pressure of office-seekers was greater at this juncture than I ever knew it to be, and he was almost worn out. Among the callers that evening was a party composed of a Senator, a Representative, an exLieutenant Governor of a Western State, and several private citizens. They had business of great importance, involving the necessity of the Presi dent's examination of voluminous documents. Pushing everything aside, he said to one of the party, "Have you seen the Nasby Papers?" "No, I have not," was the answer. "Who is Nasby?" "There is a chap out in Ohio," returned the President, "who has been writing a series of letters in the newspapers over the signa ture of Petroleum V. Nasby. Some one sent me a pamphlet collection of them the other day. I am going to write to Petroleum' to come down here, and I intend to tell him if he will communicate his talent to me, I will swap places with him!" Thereupon he arose, went to a drawe in his desk, and taking out the "letters," he sat down and read one to the company, finding in their enjoyment of it the temporary excitement and relief which another man would have found in a glass of grog! The instant he had ceased, the book was thrown aside, his countenance relapsed into its habitual serious expression, and the business was entered upon with the utmost earnestness.'- F. B. Carpenter. THE JUMPING FROG After its publication in the Saturday Press, the story was copied by all the papers of the East and its author at once became famous. It was issued in book form, May 1, 1867, with the title The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches. Lowell hailed the little book with generous praise, calling it the finest piece of humorous writing yet produced in America.' THE MISSION DOLORES 612. One cannot fail to note the influence of Irving's Sketch Book. In his early stories, like The Legend of Monte del Diablo' in the twelfth volume of the Atlantic Monthly, 1863, Harte set out to do for California what Irving had done for the Highlands of the Hudson, and to do it after Irving's manner. WASHINGTON IRVING L. 624. b. 46. Fables of M. Weems. Rev. Weems, 1760-1825, was for a time pastor of the church at Mount Vernon, Virginia, of which Washington was an attendant. Later he became a very successful book agent for the publishing house of Carey of Philadelphia. His life of Washington published in Philadelphia in 1800 undoubtedly was the most popular biography of the great President that ever was written. Several of the most widely. known anecdotes of the youth of Washington, like the cherry-tree incident for instance, rest upon the unsupported evidence of Weems. Much that he has recorded is more than doubtful. 625. a. 52. Frascati, a town twelve miles south-east of Rome, celebrated for its villas. .b. 47. The North American Review, founded in 1815, ran for many years as a quarterly. Until 1878 it was published at Boston. In its earlier years at least it was the most influential critical Journal in America. LEAVES OF GRASS 627. In 1867 when Burroughs issued this first book of his, Whitman had published four editions of Leaves of Grass, 1855, 1856, 1860, 1867, and his volume Drum-Taps, 1866. It was undoubtedly the 1860 edition that fell into Burroughs's hands. Whitman had been dismissed from his clerkship at Washington in June, 1865, for the alleged immorality of this book, and his friend O'Connor had in September of the same year begun the defense of the poet with his pamphlet The Good Gray Poet. Burroughs's Walt Whitman as Poet and Person is in one respect a continuation of the defense of Whitman during this critical period of his poetic career. In another and larger sense it is a call for a new period, a voice of the times, a new statement of literary principles for a new after-the-war era. 630. a. 4. Wordsworth in the well-known preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads, the first edition of which had appeared in 1798, had called for a return to Nature. He would strip poetry of its artificial vocabulary and would treat of humble subjects in a simple way. The book and the preface are generally taken as the beginning of the new romantic period of the nineteenth century. Every new period, it would seem, begins with a call for a return to Nature. LIGHT IN A DARK PLACE 646. That Lincoln did win a case in something like the manner described so graphically by Eggleston is undoubtedly true, Miss Tarbell in her Life of Lincoln, Vol. I, page 272, has recorded all that is now surely known about the case. She has told thus the central incident of the trial: |