lished in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, by Dr David Scott, a very intelligent practitioner at Cupar, who, on being applied to by Dr A. Combe, not only consented to its appearance in our Journal, but kindly added such other particulars as he thought likely to be useful. We have therefore copied Dr Scott's paper from our cotemporary, and shall now subjoin a few additional remarks.

On first receiving the manuscript from our correspondent, we were very desirous to know the precise situation of the diseased appearances in the head, the length of time Dr Anderson had complained of headache, or exhibited symptoms indicative of cerebral disorder, and also his usual habits of living and of study. The following extracts from a letter to Dr Combe afford so much information on these points, that we cannot do better than lay them before the reader :

"1st, As to the seat of the deposit, it was precisely under the organ of Wonder; and the appearance of the brain was of a dif"ferent colour, extending from that to the organ of Hope. This I "pointed out to the surgeons present the moment the brain was separated from the skull. Never having seen the brain dissected before, it is possible that the organ of Ideality was also a little tinged with the inflammatory appearance; in other words, that "that organ was likewise diseased.

46

"2d, Dr Anderson complained of pain in the head for eight years at least previous to his death, for which he applied cold applications. His servant, whom I have just seen, says, that very frequently she had to apply cold water to it for nearly three quar "ters of an hour at a time; and such was the extreme heat, that "she had to change the water repeatedly during that period. The pain was confined to the forehead and coronal surface, but principally to the latter region. It was his invariable practice to wet "these portions of the brain every night at bedtime, and to leave "the window nearly half-open during the night.

"3d, He slept very ill after his belief in magnetism, especially during the first part of the night. The servant says that it was fre"quently four o'clock in the morning before he slept. When awake, "he sometimes sung and whistled; at other times he complained of "the Invisibles' annoying him. For some months, during the win"ter of 1826, he took breakfast at four in the morning; after which "he generally fell asleep, and rose about mid-day.

"4th, After being seriously affected, his habits of living and study "changed. In particular, he lived quite retired, and never came "into town, unless to complain of the Invisibles; and, in short, " he refused to accept of all invitations to dinner, excepting those

"of his very oldest and most intimate acquaintances; whereas, when "he returned from the navy, he associated with every respectable "inhabitant of the town, and was almost engaged out every day. "As to his habits of study, these also changed materially. On his "return he devoted his leisure time to the study of his profession, "and in two years afterwards took out his degree of M.D. Lat"terly the Doctor read a great many French authors.

"5th. As I have already said, Dr Anderson was very much in company on his return from the navy, and had no settled occupation. He was naturally very lively, and rather fickle and un"steady in his motions. He was very steady in his attachments, "and possessed a very high sense of honour. In the navy he was "actively employed, and, after passing the first two or three years "here, the change of life must have been great indeed. His company was, however, much courted, and, mixing so much as he did "in society, it might be a considerable time before he felt it."

66

The following extracts are from Dr Scott's letter:

"The peculiar hallucination of mind," says Dr S., " from which "finally he so much suffered, came on by degrees. At first he "made mention to some of his particular friends of a strange influence to which he thought himself liable; and in course of time, "from reading and continued thinking on the matter, he became "perfectly convinced that he was subject to the control of some dia"bolical influence, which he styled animal magnetism, but in com❝mon conversation simply the Invisibles. Of course these Invi"sibles' were generally some of his acquaintances; so much, however, was he convinced that these Invisibles' possessed a terrible power over him, that sometimes he would address letters of the "most supplicating description, begging of them to desist; at other "times he would threaten to blow their brains out or his own. "Towards the latter end of his life this mental affection was evi"dently combined with some disease in the chest, but which cer"tainly was not suspected to be of an aneurismal nature, till ascer"tained by dissection.

"In stature he was of the middle size, about 5 feet 8 inches, of "ruddy complexion, sanguine temperament, and in good condition "of body; light eyes and hair, somewhat bald; the forehead broad "at the base, but rapidly contracting at the sides or ridges formed "by the temporal muscle, so as to have a compressed appearance: "he wore his hair short, and sometimes shaved it.

In

"In dissection we were much occupied with the appearances that "presented themselves in the chest, as described in the paper. "sawing through the skull-cap, it appeared to me to be very thick " and hard, and difficult of performance. The dura mater was "cut with scissors; and, in raising up the two sides of it towards "the longitudinal sinus, the inner layer or serous side was firmly "adherent, so as to be with difficulty removed to the arachnoid and "pia mater beneath to a small space on each side of it. I am aware VOL. V. No XX.

2 Q

"that the veins on the surface of the brain enter the longitudinal "sinus pretty thickly at this place, so as occasionally to lead to de"ception; but in this instance there was no difficulty in the mat

ter; the serous side of the dura mater was firmly bound down to "the arachnoid membrane by the intervention of a foreign substance, which we considered of the nature of an inflammatory de posit of old standing, being the same kind of lymphatic exudation "which is frequently observed on the surface of other serous mem"branes, such as the pleura or peritoneum, binding the parts toge"ther. The arachnoid itself was thickened and opaque, and also firmly attached to the pia mater beneath. The brain proper un"der this place was considered healthy, as well as every other part of "it. It is difficult for me at this distance of time, as the dissection was not made with any view to the establishment of phrenological "doctrines, to state to you so correctly as I could wish the portion precisely occupied by the adhesion; but I think, were you to "take a skull-cap, and draw a supposed perpendicular line through "it, it would correspond very nearly with the vertex, or a little an"terior to it. At present, however, I could not profess to be much more accurate than this, as no measurement was had recourse to, or comparison with other localities."

It has often been observed, that persons who are fond of the marvellous in every thing,-who not only listen with delight to tales of ghosts, second-sight, supernatural agency, &c., but have even a strong tendency to believe in them as realities, and who have themselves, when out of health, been haunted by the appearance of spectres and other horrid imaginations, are remarkable for the great development of the portions of the brain lying on the outside of the organs of Imitation, and now almost ascertained to be connected with the primitive faculty of Wonder. And a few instances have occurred in maniacs of pain being complained of in the same region of the head where the mind was haunted by unearthly and supernatural appearances; but in no instance yet on record has there been found after death an equally strong corroboration of the connexion during life between the local disease and the mental aberration; that is, supposing the morbid changes to have been really seated over the organs of Wonder, as our correspondent affirms.

It has been remarked by Dr Combe, in his paper on Injuries of the Brain, that, even if the phrenological division of organs had answered no other purpose than that of affording

us landmarks for the accurate observation of the effects of injuries of the head on the state of the mind, it would still be deserving of general attention; and a better proof of the proposition than the case before us cannot be desired. We question whether from the anatomical description of the situation of the diseased parts any two readers could fix upon the identical places; and we must acknowledge, that, had not our correspondent specified the organ of Wonder as the seat, we should have been puzzled to decide. In making this reflection, we do not mean to blame Dr Scott for being vague, but merely to show that there is at present a positive want of means of accuracy which the phrenological marks are calculated to supply.

Dr Scott makes some very just and acute remarks on the dependence of mental affections on disease of the brain and its membranes, and alludes, in a spirit of candour and liberality, which we earnestly desire to see more prevalent, to the bearing of the present case on the doctrines of Phrenology. He is one of the few who consider themselves incompetent to judge of their truth without having previously examined the evidence, and he is therefore entitled to every respecto We shall only assure him, that he would himself become an excellent Phrenologist, were he ever to direct his attention to the study.

Before concluding, we cannot omit calling the notice of the reader to the simultaneous appearance of the headaches and of the Invisibles. For eight years previous to Dr A.'s death, he complained of pain and heat in the anterior parti of the coronal surface, and used to apply cold water to it for an hour at a time, and to have it regularly wetted at bedtime. He then slept ill, and his hallucination gained daily upon him, showing the progress of excitement in the brain. The great thickness and hardness of the skull remarked by Dr Scott were also evidences of long-existing increased 20 tion, which have been observed by both Gall and Spurzheim in chronic insanity. From the description of the general as:

a

pect of the skull-cap and membranes, we think it highly probable that, for a considerable time at least before death, the morbid change was not limited to the anterior part, 'but extended over the whole, and existed in its highest intensity at the region of the organ of Wonder. It would be rash to draw any general conclusions from a single fact; we shall therefore leave it to the consideration of the reader, and only return our best thanks to Dr Scott and to our other correspondent for their kind attention in answering all inquiries.

ARTICLE IX.

PHRENOLOGY AND THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.

To the Editor of the Phrenological Journal.

ŞIR-At page seven of the 77th Number of the Quarterly Review, just published, one of those numerous antiphrenologie cal facts appears, which are so often referred to as disproving the new doctrines, but which are so inherently and lu, dicrously, absurd in themselves, that, to any one in the least acquainted with the matter in dispute, they establish nothing so incontrovertibly as the ignorance or folly of those by whom they are seriously stated. To expose the groundlessness of such facts is in general needless, as they soon fall into oblivion ; but as it is useful occasionally to let the public see the value of the authorities on whom they rely, it may not be presuming too much on your admitted fairness and impartiality, to request a place in your Journal for the correction of the one referred to, as a specimen of the rest.

In alluding to Dr Granville's remarks on the supposed skull of Charlemagne, at Aix-la-Chapelle, the reviewer informs his readers, that Dr G. is too sensible a man to be gulled by the gross quackeries of craniology, and praises