Cautiousness, when powerful, would not be concealed even in a warrior's motto, as in On-slow-Beware the bear—Bravely but cautiously.

Hope may well be expected to predominate in minds subjected to all the chances of war and consequent vicissitudes of fortune; accordingly we have I hope-While I breathe I hope-I live in hope-Hope nourishes-By hope and labour -They go high who attempt the summit. Self-esteem mingles largely in this last. We lately met with a singular example of this motto expressing the ruling feeling. A man rather below middle rank happened to come to us often for professional advice. We observed in him the qualities of unreasonable sanguineness and great love of show. He died, and left a widow and children nearly destitute. Among his effects there was a costly watch, chain, and seals, almost new, worth not less than 60 guineas, which it was perfect insanity for a person in his circumstances to have purchased. Of course there was a crest on one of the seals, and we were curious to observe the motto. It turned out to be," Spero meliora "I hope better things." Still with Self-esteem for a basis, Secretiveness lends its aid in some minds to constitute the favourite sentiment. For example-Never show your rage I bide my time. This declaration of cherished revenge is a singular melange of Self-esteem, Destructiveness, Secretiveness, and Cautiousness.

Veneration, as Veneration, if unmixed with the baser feelings, which lead to bigotry and persecution, has nothing selfish in it; and when expressed on the warrior's shield, has higher claims to our respect. Its manifestation in rude times was, it is true, for the most part superstitious, and for that reason it is not entitled to be classed with Conscientiousness and Benevolence, unless it is found in company with them-Salvation from the cross-Glory to God While I breathe I will trust in the cross-From God, not from fortune-Worship God, serve the King-Aymer loyalty— With good-will to serve my King-One God-One King-One

heart. These and many others were probably mere effusions of Veneration, and have nothing in them to show that they were more. But we might conclude true religious feelings to belong in addition to the mind, where Conscientiousness prevailed so decidedly as to appear upon the shield. For example :-To the lovers of justice, piety, and faithBoldly and sincerely_Be just and fear not-Candidly and steadily-By courage, not by craft-Every one his own Do right and trust-Fideliter - Judge nought-Keep tryst (contract) Probity the true honour-Virtue the sole nobilityTo be rather than to seem-High and good-Sound conscience a strong tower_The palm to virtue. Last of all comes Benevolence, and it is like a gleam of sunshine in the midst of a storm, to see its mild and beautiful countenance in the ages of pride, cunning, and ferocity ; but it is but thinly

Be brave, not fierce-Clemency adorns the brave That I may do good-That I may do good to others-Do all good. And last, though not least, as a sentiment on the blazon of the warrior who fights for peace, a direct condemnation of war, in the motto, “ Bella horrida bella.”

In the continued struggle against power, which the history of both ends of our island record, it would be strange if on armorial bearings there were no expressions of the love of liberty,--that fruit of a fine combination of Self-esteem, Conscientiousness, Benevolence, and Firmness. We have, accordingly, such mottos as, Libertas Liberty entire-Country dear, Liberty dearer-I have lived free and will die free.

The mottos which indicate the reflecting powers, as maxims of wisdom were rare in rude times, unless we take those for such as express the higher sentiments, as, Virtue the sole nobility, &c. We have, however, lighted upon one which is purely intellectual, and we quote it, because it happens to be eminently pbrenological. Nihil invita Minerva. It is vain to expect excellence without the genius from which it springs.

It would greatly increase the interest of this communication, were it permitted us to compare the actual history of

distinguished families with their armorial legends. But although public history is public property, family-history is not, and we are therefore denied that advantage; and must be content with recommending to the reader to apply the knowledge of such private families as he possesses to the very harmless end of making the comparison between it and the family-arms, for himself. We do not entertain a doubt that in every instance they will be found strikingly coincident.

ARTICLE IV.

CASE OF SPECTRAL ILLUSION..

THE following very distinct and interesting narrative was read to the London Phrenological Society, and kindly communicated to us, for insertion in the Phrenological Journal, by its learned author, a member of the English Bar.

In December, 1823, A. was confined to his bed by inflammation on the chest, and was supposed by his medical attendant to be in considerable danger. One night, while unable to sleep from pain and fever, he saw, sitting in a chair, on the left side of his bed, a female figure, which he immediately recognised to be that of a young lady who died about two years before. His first feeling was surprise, and perhaps a little alarm; his second, that he was suffering from delirium. With this impression he put his head under the bedclothes, and after trying in vain to sleep, as a test of the soundness of his mind he went through a long and complicated process of metaphysical reasoning. He then peeped out, and saw the figure in the same situation and position. He had a fire, but would not allow a candle or nurse in the room. A stick was kept by his side, to knock for the nurse when he required her attendance. Being too weak to move his body, he endeavoured to touch the figure with the stick ; but, on a real object being put upon the chair, the imaginary one disappeared, and was not visible again that night.

The next day he thought of little but the vision, and expected its return without alarm, and with some pleasure. He was not disappointed. It took the same place as before, and he employed himself in observations. When he shut his eyes or turned his head, he ceased to see the figure; by interposing his hand he could hide part of it; and it was shown like any mere material substance, by the fire which fell upon and were reflected from it. declined it became less perceptible, and as it went out, invisible. A similar appearance took place on several other nights, but it became less perceptible, and its visits less frequent, as the patient recovered from his fever.

rays of the

As the fire

He says the impressions on his mind were always pleasing, as the spectre looked at him with calmness and regard. He never supposed it real; but was unable to account for it on any philosophical principles within his knowledge.

In the autumn of 1825, A.'s health was perfectly restored, and he had been free from any waking vision for nearly eighteen months. Some circumstances occurred which produced in him great mental excitement. One morning he dreamed of the figure, which stood by his side in an angry posture, and asked for a locket which he usually wore. He awoke and saw it at the toilet, with the locket in its hand. He rushed out of bed, and it instantly disappeared. During the next six weeks its visits were incessant, and the sensations which they produced were invariably horrible. Some years before he had attended the dissection of a woman in a state of rapid decomposition. Though much disgusted at the time, the subject had been long forgotten; but was recalled by the union of its putrescent body with the spectre's features. The visits were not confined to the night, but frequently occurred while several persons were in the same room. They were repeated at intervals during the winter; but he was able to get rid of them by moving or sitting in an erect position. Though well, his pulse was hard, and generally from 90 to 100.

A. is a person of good education and literary habits. I have not the slightest doubt of his veracity. He never supposed the appearances above-mentioned other than illusions. He has always had a propensity towards the supernatural, without any belief in it; and he ascribes these effects of imagination to the perusal of the Tales of Wonder, and other ghost stories, when a boy. He will not allow me to lay before the Society an account of his head, as connected with this statement, as he would not like to be called a dealer in the marvellous. I may, however, say, that Ideality is large, and the reflective faculties very good.

J. B. C.

It is evident that the author was not aware when he wrote, of the cases recorded in our 6th Number; (vol. II., page 290 ;) especially of the light thrown, by the comprehensive instance of Miss S. L., on the nature and immediate cause of such illusions in the morbid activity, and of course internal action, sometimes but not always attended with acute pain, of the portions of the brain through which Wonder, Form, Size, Colouring, and often others of the knowing perceptions are produced. The communication is only the more valuable, that neither the author nor his informant A. can possibly be charged with suiting an instance to a theory; but have narrated appearances as they were experienced and described ; and which, unknown to both, tally so exactly with the other instances to which we have alluded, as to leave no doubt of their being the effects of the same causes.

It is not said that local pain was felt by A.; but his pulse was from 90 to 100, and the brain evidently in over-excitement.* When such illusions occur to a patient quite conscious and rational, they are not imputed to the internal excitement of delirium, but to an external object. Even

• He was relieved by holding the head in an upright posture. This was the experience of Miss S. L., (294,)-a proof of an internal mechanical cause ; perhaps in the circulation or pressure of the blood, and almost suggesting a topical remedy, or alleviation.