Few characters have been more extolled by friends, or more virulently traduced by enemies, than that of Mary. Unconnected with, and uninfluenced by party, we can be at no lofs to perceive, that her friends have founded their encomiums upon the evidence of a temper and qualifications honourable to the human character; while the detraction and calumny of her enemies referred to facts extremely doubtful, and to circumstances occafioned by the peculiar difficulties of the part he was called upon to act. She poffeffed, in an eminent degree, all thofe accomplishments and graces which conftitute the merit of her fex in domeftic life. Her affability, mildness, and delicacy, captivated the affections of her companions and dependants. Such dexterity and prudence in the management of parties, fuch difcretion and activity in the most critical state of affairs, have rarely been found in a person io little addicted to oftentation, and fo averfe to interfere in public bufinefs. So devoid was the of ambition, and fo indifferent to nerfonal grandeur, that he not only rejected the fervices of those who were difpofed to prefer her right to the Crown before that of her husband, but the would not even participate of the Adminiftration while he was in the country, nor did the so much as afpire at the influence to which her ftation and merits entitled her. Her exemplary devotion, her zeal for the Proteftant Religion, her confcientious difpofal of ecclefiaftical preferments, her patronage of useful designs, and application to good works, render her memory precious to the friends of religion and virtue. If, upon particular occafiens, natural affection feemed to be languid, or fufpendes; if the appeared harsh and undutiful by confenting to the dethronement of her father, or by efpoufing, with apparent animofity, the quarrel of her husband with her fifter, her conduct in fuch inftances may be fairly afcribed, not only to a respect for her duty as a wife, but to the fingularly critical fituation of him to whom the ftood in that relation. Nothing less than the most cordial and unequivocal approbation of the conduct of her husband could have obtained, or preferved to him, that authority which he derived from his relation to her. Whatever painful emotions she might feel from the difgrace of her father, or from coming to a breach with her ufter, yet prudence required the concealment of them, to fecure the reputa. VOL. XXII. tion and fafety of that perfon who was the dearest object of her affection, and the profperity of that caufe, which, from the pure influence of principle, the was zealous to promote.' Here the History ftands ftill, while in Chapter XV. the Author offers fome ohfervations on the general caufes which af feet the ftability of political Revolutions, and on the peculiar dangers which threat. ened the Revolution in England. William's having afpired to royalty, his preferring the enemies, and neglecting the friends of the Revolution, diffolving the Convention Parliament, and exercifing fome neceffary feverities in purifhing confpirators, are mentioned as shaking the pillars of his Government, and encouraging difaffection. His feeble conftitution alio, his fatigues, and dan gers, the formidable preparations of France, the heavy taxes, the unfuccefs. ful war, the detection of corruption, are all pointed out as additional circumftances, which difpofed people of all parties to liften to the propotal of recalling the exiled Monarch. Their correfpondence with him and his agents is next examined in a very difpaffionate manner, and fatisfactory reafons are affigned for caution in drawing conclufions concerning the guilt of feveral who engaged in it. Here, as well as in the cafe of Ruffel and Sidney, Chapter V. Dr. S. though he admits the authenticity of the Letters and Memorials which have been published by Sir J. Dalrymple and Mr. Macpherfon, is unwilling to allow to them that degree of credibility to which thefe Gentlemen think them intitled; and to us his arguments appear convincing. There being, however, fufficient evidences of fucceffive confpiracies to reflore James, and to affaflinate, or at least to expel, William, our Author proceeds to enquire into the caufes by which thefe were, from time to time, counteracted, and finally defeated. The caules inveftigated are, fift, The backwardness of Louis to aflift James; fecond, The divifion of fentiments among his friends in England; third, The growing repntation of William, and the contempt entertained for James; fourth, Various occurrences unexpectedly frengthened the new Government, fuch as the Regency of Mary, always mild and prudent; her death uniting the interefts of her hufband and fitter, formerly divided; and Triennial Parliaments, highly agreeable to the people, and which the Reitoration Dd of of James would inftantly annihilate, as an ufurpation upon prerogative not to be endured. This Chapter is the best part of the work which has hitherto come under our review, and affords a favour. able fpecimen of the Author's talents for compofition and political research. In fupport of this decifion, we intended to have gratified our readers with an extract, but it is so connected from the beginning to the end, that no part is fufficiently detached to be extracted with advantage. (To be continued. ) A Voyage from Calcutta to the Mergui Archipelago, lying on the East Side of the Bay of Bengal, &c. &c. By Thomas Forrest, Efq. Senior Captain of the Honourable Company's Marine at Fort Marlbro' in 1770, and Author of the Voyage to New Guinea. Quarto. 1. 16s. Robfon. [Continued from Page 126.] CAPTAIN FORREST, in failing from Atcheen Road, next proceeds to defcribe the Surat Paffage, a narrow ftraight through which fhips often go to the fouthward, and which is called Pintoo (deor) by the natives; gives directions for failing down the coaft to Tappanooly harbour, particularly about paffing what he calls Paffage Island, near which there are many dangerous fhoals; and adduces another instance of Malay treachery in an attack on the floop Orange Tree, Capt. Duggin, the Chief Mate of which was ftabbed, in 1753, by a blow from an Archeener, intended for the Captain (which miffed him); but the Captain and Second Mate, after the Chief Mate fell, for he was killed outright, joined by the Lafcars, faved the veffel. The affiffins, four or five in number, being attacked with spirit, fome jumped overboard and efcaped; one or two were killed, as they defer ved. "I was in the fame harbour, a few months afterwards, in the Honourable Company's country hip Prince George, Captain Burman, commanded by the first officer, Mr. Ormfton, and heard the ftory from a Captain Bunyan, of the fnow Kitty, who furveyed this harbour. His map of it is published by Mr. Dalrymple in his yaluable collection." Our author then gives directions about failing from Tappanooly harbour to Fort Marlborough, referring the reader to Dunn's maps, and defcribes a curious water fall on Mazular Iland, "which is quite diminutive when approached, to what it appears at a diftance. A finall quantity of water precipitated down 300 or 400 feet at leaft, along the face of an almoft perpendicular rock, cuts a figure at a distance; whilft, close to it. it will not force a bucket from the hand of a man this is really the cafe; no doubt it is a little impetuous immediately after rain. A fhip, as I have faid, may ap : proach it in good holding ground, so as to use a hofe, and can water more conve niently than perhaps in any other part of the world. I have held a bucket clofe under it, where the rock is steep too, and it falls in two or three inconfiderable ftreams: it looks at a diftance like a long white tail fixed to a black horfe." After this he lays down for the navigator the best and fafet track to fail into Natal Road. referring the navigator to Mr. Dalrymple's charts; mentions a harbour behind Tammong Ifland, and another at Ayer Bongou, formerly a Durch Settlement; gives directions about failing to Padang; talks favourably of the Dutch police; and mentions many iflands that lie on this part of the coaft which afford fhelter for fhips working up the coaft of Sumatra against North West winds, particularly the small island Sérénty, as very little known, laid down in Dunn's maps. After this he comes to Fort Marlborough and Rat Island Bafon; and reprefents Pulo Bay, near Mailborough, as a place that fhould be avoided, although a good harbour, as proving particularly unhealthy to Europeans. Captain Forrest next mentions the inland Celebes, famous in ftory for its wars with the Dutch; and gives a map of the gre teft part of that ifland, with an alphabet of the Buggefs language. Celebes," he says, "confifts of fix divifions, most of which have a particular form of government, &c. with a great mixture of the feudal fyftem in every one of them. The firft I fhall mention is Goa; this is the most ancient, and lies on the Wett and South Weft coaft of the fland, where Macaffar is, the feat of the Dutch government. Here is a pretty ftrong brick fort called Rotterdam, with a garrifon of about 300 men.” "The Government of Goa is monarchical: the King is called Karuang, fometimes Rajah Goa. Navarette calls him Sambanco Sambance; and his empire formerly extended, not only over the whole island Celebes, but also over feveral adjacent iflands, before the Portuguefe doubled the Cape of Good Hope.' 66 The divifion of Celebes called "Wajoo, Warjoo, or Tuadjoo," fays he, is governed alfo by an elective Prince called Aramatooa. He is elected for life by the four nobles of the highest rank, called Oran cayo Batta bazar (nobles of the great flag), from the body of an inferior nobility, called Oran caro Batta ampat Pulo (nobles of the forty flags), there being forty in number; and when elected, if he fhould fay, "I am poor," which may be the cafe, the reply made to him (by the nobleman who prefides at the election) is, Warjoo berennee, Warjoo caio, Warjoo quaffo; which fignifies Warjoo is brave, rich, and powerful: intimating, no doubt, he fhall want for nothing. He then accepts of the Government. Befides the four high and the forty inferior nobles, there is ftill a kind of Freeholders called Dyons, as in Bony. The Aramatooa can only keep up the number of the four high and forty inferior nobility, when they are, by want of heirs, extinct; but he cannot increase the number. In Warjoo only the nobility is hereditary." In defcribing the character of the Buggetles, he introduces feveral quotations to prove them a brave high-fpirited people, particularly the following quotation from Monf. Forbin, who was a Siam Admiral as well as a French Commodore. "Monfieur Forbin, in the year 1685, at Bancok in Siam, had orders from Mr. Conftance, who was his fenior in command, to prevent all Siamele from paffing his fort. There came down the river a Macaffar prow (galere), which was ftopped by the chain Mr. Forbin had thrown acrois. The Buggefs Captain told Mr. Forbin he had no Siamefe on -board; that his crew were Macaffars returning to their own country. On which Mr. Forbin faid, when that was verified he should have liberty to pafs; but, in the mean time, defired him to land his men ; 46 que la cour de Siam n'eût rien à me reprocher," faid Mr. Forbin. The Captain, without hefita tion, anfwered, "I agree, to that; but they muft land with their arms." "What!" faid Mr. Forbin, fmiling, "are we at war then?" "No," anfwered the Buggefs," but the crefs that I wear by my fide is considered so much a mark of honour by our nation, that we cannot 66 Mon "Le zèle de cet officier me fit entrer en confideration: : pour ne rien hazarder, je fis monter 20 foldats Siamois dans la gorge du bastion, dix defquels étoient armés de lances, & dix autres de fufils. Je fis tirer le rideau du pavillon, & m'étant avancé vers l'entrée, j'ordonnois à un Mandarin d'aller, de ma part, dire au capitaine, que j'étois bien morti l'ordre que j'avois de l'arrêter; mais qu'il recevroit de moi toute forte de bons traitemens. de "Ce pauvre Mandarin, qui me fervoit d'interprete, m'obéit; au premier mot qu'il prononça, ces fix Macaffars ayant jetté leur bonnet à terre, mirent le crit à la main, & s'élançant comme des démons, tuèrent dans un inftant l'interprete & fix autres Mandarins qui étoient dans le pavillon. Voyant ce carnage, je me retirai vers mes foldats, qui étoient armés. Je fautai fur la lance d'un d'entr'eux, & je criai aux autres de tirer." After this the Macaffars got to their gal ley, and fet it on fire; they then fet fire Dd 2 to a convent of Tellopys, and killed all the Monks: 366 Siamefe and feveral French were killed, and 17 Macaffars only, in this defperate bufinefs."-Mémoires du Comte de Forbin, Amiral de Siam, du nom d'Opra fac D'Efom Cram, Chef d'Efcadre des Armées Navales de fa Majefté, Chevalier de l'Ordre Militaire de St. Louis. Tom. i. Amfterdam 1730." To this fucceeds an account of our author's narrow efcape from fome Malays by his happy prefence of mind; after which he points out fome cautions neceffary to be obferved in all connections or communications with that people, well worthy the attention of all European Navigators on thefe feas. "Having faid fo much of the defperate difpofition of the Buggeffes, I cannot help faying fomething of the temper of Malays in general. If an European thip is paffing the Strait of Malacca, or any of thofe ftraits in its neighbourhood, it is natural, if they fee Malay prows, to send a boat towards them, to defire them to come on board, to get news, &c. This ought never to be done by force; Malays have no other idea, when compulfion is used, but that it is the prelude to flavery or death; and many fatal confequences have followed from attempts of this nature, when Mothing hotle was intended on either fide. If a boat fent on fuch bufinefs be ordered to lieto at a small diftance, and talk to the Malays, to difarm their first apprehenfion, fifty to one but they will then go on board voluntarily, efpecially if it is an English beat that calls them. "I mentioned before that I was caft away in 1763, on a fmall ifland caft of Salayer, in the Bonnetta ketch. There was no fresh water on the fmall fandy ifland, and I went to an adjacent ifland to fearch for fome, but found a very little in holes of the rocks, enough only to quench our thirst. Returning to my companions next day, the 23d of February, I faw two prows, one failing away from the ether, which was left with the fal flapping against the maft. It aruck me, as I faw nobody, that she was deserted; and I cheered up the crew (Lafcars only) to pull frong, totake poffeffion of what I thought was abandoned; when within about three times the length of my own boat of the prow, about ten Malays appeared, with lances in their hands, from under the prow's thatched roof, where they had lain in ambufcade. I immediately called out to them Jangang takut (Do not be afraid), held water with the oars; yet the boat had fuch fresh way, that her frem went against the prow in a perpeadicular direction, but did not frike hard. 1 inftantly quitted the tiller, and, croffing the thafts, went on board, and took the Noquedah by the hand, ordering my boat immediately to lie off: his hand trembled, which pleafed me much, as it affured me he was afraid. I foon perfuaded him I was English. After asking for fome rice and water, they faid they would fupply me; but did not incline my boat fhould come and fetch it. I got a jar of water and a bag of rice, which was carried on board of my boat by their canoe. They had got a good many piecegoods from the wreck. Mynheer Jacob Bekkifbaker came foon after very kindly to my relief." The addrefs and management of the Dutch, in making their fettlement at Celebes profitable in a political as well as a commercial view, is next mentioned, as follows: “The Dutch, in their quarrels with the Buggeffes, have always played off one power against another, and have long loft all confidence with the natives in general. They keep what they poffefs on Celebes chiefly on account of its being the weft frontier to the Spice lands, and feem afraid of extending their commerce fo much as they might, for fear of innovation of fentiment among the natives; or, rather, with to difcourage their commercial exertions, which formerly were very confiderable. There are many other entrances to the Spice Iflands befides Salayer Strait (the Buggeroons), where the Dutch generally have cruifers, and the Buggeffes often find their way there in fpite of their vigilance. 66 I have feen, twenty-five years ago, fifteen prows at a time at Bencoolen, loaded with a mixt cargo of spices, wax, caffia, fandal wood, dollars, and the cloths of Celebes called cambays. "The Dutch have alfo the addrefs to make the places held by them on Celebes not only maintain themfelves, but produce a clear profit, from trade and tribute, in gold, wax, rice, fago, flaves, "It is inconceivable to an European the number of domestic slaves the Dutch have at Datavia; Maceffars, Javans, Nias, &c. fomething like what we read of cld Rome: they all go wonderfully neat and clean, and many learn mechanical trades, the Nias efpecially." &c. &c. The fupreme government of Batavia fupplies the different fettlements with the cloths of Indoftan, at 33 advance on the prime coft; whatever thefe cloths fell for more is the profit of their fervants: they alfo fell a great deal of Bengal opium, Porto Novo blue and white cloth, fine Bengal coffaes and hummums, and much iron, fteel, and cutlery." To this fucceeds a description of the manufactures of the natives, who, our Author fays, are 66 very induftrious, weaving a deal of cotton cloth, generally cambays, which they export to all Malay countries; it is red chequered and mixed with blue; they alfo make beautiful filk belts, in which they fix their creffes. "On the coaft of Coromandel they make a cloth in imitation of cambays, not fo well wove, but of brighter colours, called the CHAW (a red colour). The Buggeffes alfo often import cotton fron the island Bally, both raw and spun into yarn. At Bally, they do not understand packing cotton, as at Bombay, but stuff it into baskets. "The Buggefs cambay, though only one garment, which throwds from head to heel when the wearer fleeps, is often fold from fix to ten Spanish dollars apiece fome are fine as cambric, very ftrong wove, but dull coloured: being chequered, it much resembles tartan, and is often wore like a fash gathered up on one shoulder over a tight waistcoat, and breeches that reach within a span of the knee. All together Buggefs refembles much a Scotch highlander, when the ends of the plaid are fewed together; his arms are fword, lance, dagger (durk), and target, fometimes a mufket and bayonet, or blunderbufs, inftead of the lance; but then he is attended by a lad, who, himself armed, carries feveral lances. "The Buggelles alfo manufacture, from the inner bark of a finall tree, a kind of paper, in which they wrap their fine cambays; they often dye this paper of various colours, and export much of it even to Manilla, and various other places: it refembles the Otaheite clothing. "They make fire-arms, but cannot make gun locks; they also caft small brafs guns, which they call rantakka, and are curious in filagree work, both in gold and filver the larger antakka is about fix feet long, and carries a half pound ball, like Marshal Saxe's amufette. They get many rantakkas from Borneo Proper, where they are expert in making them." Our Author next mentions their fhipping, forry veffels indeed! yet their tripod maft and winding-up fail have their conveniencies. The harbour Kyly, or Kyala, is north of Macaffar. Their language is written in a character peculiar to themselves," fomething like the Rejang and Batta on Sumatra, as we do from left to right, of which Mr. Mariden has given a fpecimen. Navarette, who visited Macaflar in 1650, fays, they had a library of European books. I take them to be a very ancient people, but whofe history is loft; at least the many Buggeffes I have converfed with feemed all to be of that opinion, and told me many ftories of a former great king, called Rajah Lout (King of the Sea), who ufurped the throne of Goa. He was Admiral of his fovereign's fea forces, and fucceeded in dethroning his master about 200 years ago. The Buggeiles on the fea coaft univerfally fpeak the Malay tongue, and they have many Malay phrafes in their language, even whole fentences. "The laws of the inhabitants of Celebes are adminiftered according to old cuftoms handed down from their anceftors, and retained in the memory of their old men (Oran Tuo), and many are committed to writing in Goa, Warjou, Bony, and Mandar, and confidered as the law of the land; in dubious cafes they refer to the Koran, if applicable. "Their religion is Mahometan, with this laudable cuftom: if a man marries his equal, he takes but one wife; if below him, he may take four. I have been told by several Buggesses, that they fail in their paduakans to the northern parts of New Holland, poffibly Carpen tatia Bay, to gather fwallow (Biche de mer), which they fell to the annual China junk at Macaffir; they fay alto, gold is to be got there. I make no doubt but that our fettlements in New Holland will foon be vifited by Buggeffes, when the English extend from Port Jackfon further north into a warm climate." Captain Forreft next mentions what happened to Mr. Herbert in his expedition to Balambangan, which puts the character of the Buggeffes in a favourable point of view. After this he informs us, that the Dutch get from Celebes to the amount of 124,000l. yearly in gold; and gives us a lift of the places it comes |