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BOOK II,
Chap. III.

BOOK

LOVERS AND

PUBLIC
BENEFAC-

TORS.

BENEFAC

TIONS OF SIR
W. Mus-

GRAVE.

the plays gathered by GARRICK had a large share in moulding the tastes and the literary career of Charles LAMB. Thence he drew the materials of the volume of Specimens which has made the rich stores of the early drama known to thousands of readers who but for it, and for the Collection which enabled him to compile it, could have formed no fair or adequate idea of an important epoch in our literature.

Sir William MUSGRAVE was another early Trustee whose gifts to the Public illustrated the wisdom of SLOANE's plan for the government of his Museum and of its parliamentary adoption. MUSGRAVE shared the predilection of Dr. BIRCH for the study of British biography and archæology, and he had larger means for amassing its materials. He was descended from a branch of the Musgraves of Edenhall, and was the second son of Sir Richard MUSGRAVE of Hayton Castle, to whom he eventually succeeded. He made large and very curious manuscript collections for the history of portrait-painting in England (now Additional MSS. 63916393), and also on many points of the administrative and political history of the country. He was a zealous Trustee of the British Museum, and in his lifetime made several additions to its stores. On his death, in 1799, all his manuscripts were bequeathed to the Museum, together with a Library of printed British Biography-more complete than anything of its kind theretofore collected.

This last-named Collection extended (if we include a partial and previous gift made in 1790) to nearly two thousand volumes, and it probably embraced much more than twice that number of separate works. For it was rich in those biographical ephemera which are so precious to the historical inquirer, and often so difficult of obtainment, when needed. Nearly at the same period (1786) a

valuable Collection of classical authors, in about nine hundred volumes, was bequeathed by another worthy Trustee, Mr. Thomas TYRWHITT, distinguished both as a scholar and as the Editor of CHAUCER.

Book II.

Chap. IIL

BOOK-
LOVERS AND

PUBLIC
BENEFAC-

TORS.

THE
BEQUEST

OF

oF THE

But all the early gifts to the Museum, made after its parliamentary organization, were eclipsed, at the close of the century, by the bequest of the Cracherode Collections. That bequest comprised a very choice library of printed books; a cabinet of coins, medals, and gems; and a series of original drawings by the great masters, chosen, like the books and the coins, with exquisite taste, and, as the LECTION. auctioneers say, quite regardless of expense. It also 1799. included a small but precious cabinet of minerals.

CRACHE

RODE COL

LIFE AND

CHARACTER

MORDAUNT

RODE.

The collector of these rarities was wont to speak of them with great modesty. They are, he would say, mere specimen collections.' But to amass them had been the chief pursuit of a quiet and blameless life. Clayton Mordaunt CRACHERODE was born in London about the year 1730. And he was 'a Londoner' in a sense or MR. and degree to which, in this railway generation, it would CRACHEbe hard to find a parallel. Among the rich possessions which he inherited from Colonel CRACHERODE, his fatherwhose fortune had been gathered, or increased, during an active career in remote parts of the world-was an estate in Hertfordshire, on which there grew a certain famous chestnut-tree, the cynosure of all the country-side for its size and antiquity. This tree was never seen by its new owner, save as he saw the poplars of Lombardy, or the cedars of Lebanon-in an etching. In the course of a long life he never reached a greater distance from the metropolis than Oxford. He never mounted a horse. The ordinary extent of his travels, during the prime years of a long life, was from Queen Square, in Westminster, to Clapham. For

BOOK II, Chap. III, BOOKLOVERS AND PUBLIC BENEFAC

TORS,

almost forty years it was his daily practice to walk from his house to the shop of ELMSLY, a bookseller in the Strand, and thence to the still more noted shop of Tom PAYNE, by 'the Mews-Gate.' Once a week, he varied the daily walk by calling on MUDGE, a chronometer-maker, to get his watch regulated. His excursions had, indeed, one other and not infrequent variety-dictated by the calls of Christian benevolence-but of these he took care to have no note taken.

Early in life, and probably to meet his father's wish, he received holy orders, but he never accepted any preferment in the Church. He took the restraints of the clerical profession, without any of its emoluments. His classical attainments were considerable, but the sole publication of a long life of leisure was a university prize poem, printed in the Carmina Quadragesimalia of 1748. The only early tribulation of a life of idyllic peacefulness was a dread that he might possibly be called upon, at a coronation, to appear in public as the King's cupbearer-his manor of Great Wymondley being held by a tenure of grand-serjeantry in that onerous employment. Its one later tinge of bitterness lay in the dread of a French invasion. These may seem small sorrows, to men who have had a full share in the stress and anguish of the battle of life. But the weight of a burden is no measure of the pain it may inflict. Mr. CRACHERODE looked to his possible cupbearership, with apprehension just as acute as that with which CowPER contemplated the awful task of reading in public the Journals of the House of Lords. And the sleepless nights which long afterwards were brought to CRACHERODE by the horrors of the French revolutionary war were caused less by personal fears than by the public calamities, more terrible than death.

dread of During one

Chap. III.

Book

year of the devastations on the other side of the Channel, Book II, chronicled by our daily papers, Mr. CRACHERODE was thought by his friends to have aged' full ten years in his aspect.

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The one active and incessant pursuit of this noiseless career was the gathering together of the most choice books, the finest coins and gems, the most exquisite drawings and prints, which money could buy, without the toils of travel. Our Collector's liberality of purse enabled him to profit, at his ease, by the truth expressed in one of the wise maxims of John SELDEN :-'The giving a dealer his price hath this advantage; he that will do so shall have the refusal of whatsoever comes to the dealer's hand, and so by that means get many things which otherwise he never should have seen.' The enjoyment-almost a century ago—of six hundred pounds a year in land, and of nearly one hundred thousand pounds invested in the sweet simplicity' of the three per cents., enabled Mr. CRACHERODE to outbid a good many competitors. His natural wish that what he had so eagerly gathered should not be scattered to the four winds on the instant he was carried to his grave, and also the public spirit which dictated the choice of a national repository as the permanent abode of his Collections, has already made that long course of daily visits to the London dealers in books, coins, and drawings, fruitful of good to hundreds of poorer students and toilers, during more than two generations. From stores such as Mr. CRACHERODE'Swhen so preserved-many a useful labourer gets part of his best equipment for the tasks of his life. He, too, would enjoy a visit to the PAYNES' and the ELMSLYS' of the day as keenly as any book-lover that ever lived, but is too often, perhaps, obliged to content himself with an outside. glance at the windows. Public libraries put him practi

LOVERS AND
PUBLIC

BENEFAC

TORS.

BOOK II,
Chap. III.
BOOK-

LOVERS AND

PUBLIC
BENEFAC-
TORS.

cally on a level with the wealthiest connoisseur. When, as in this case-and in a hundred more-such libraries derive much of their best possessions from private liberality, a life like Mordaunt CRACHERODE'S has its ample vindication, and the sting is taken out of all such sarcasms as that which was levelled in the shape of the query, 'In all that big library is there a single book written by the Collector himself?'-by some snarling epistolary critic, when commenting on a notice that appeared in The Times on the occasion of Mr. CRACHERODE'S death.

On another point our Collector was exposed to the shafts of sarcastic comment. He loved a good book to be printed on the very choicest material, and clothed in the richest fashion. The treasure within would not incline him to tolerate blemishes without.

Nusquam blatta, vel inquinata charta,
Sed margo calami notæque purus,
Margo latior, albus integerque,
Nec non copia larga pergainenæ.—
Adsint Virgilius, paterque Homerus,
Mundi pumice, purpuraque culti;
Et quicquid magica quasi arte freti
Faustusque Upilioque præstiterunt.

Hic sit qui nitet arte Montacuti,
Aut Paini, Deromique junioris;
Illic cui decus arma sunt Thuani,
Aut regis breve lilium caduci.'

In CRACHERODE's eyes, external charms such as these were scarcely less essential than the intrinsic worth of the author. Large paper' and broad pure margins are fancies which it needs not much culture or much wit to banter. But now and then, they are ridiculed by those who have just as little capacity to judge the pith and

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