in the dramatic, and his Campaign in the heroic way, will even maintain a place among the first rate works of either kind. Yet we cannot help thinking that even these are excelled by the elegance, accuracy and elevation of his prose writings, amongst which his papers in the Tatlers, Spectators and Guardians, hold a foremost rank, and must continue the objects of admiration so long as the English language retains its purity, or any authors, who have written in it, continue to be read. In short, whoever wishes to attain an English style, familiar, but not coarse, and elegant, but not ostentatious, must give his days and nights to the volumes of Addison.

As a man, it is impossible to say too much, and it would even extend far beyond our present limits to say enough in his praise, as he was in every respect truly valuable. In private life he was amiable; in public employment honorable; a zealous patriot ; faithful to his friends and steadfast to his principles; and the noble sentiments, which every where breathe through his Cato, are no more than emanations of that love for his country, which was the constant guide of all his actions.

But, last of all, let us view him as a Christian, in which light he will appear still more exalted than in any other. And to this end, nothing, perhaps, can more effectually lead us than the relation of an anecdote, concerning his death, in the words of one of the best of men as well as the best of writers, who, in a pamphlet written almost entirely to introduce this little story, speaks of him in the following manner:

"After a long and manly, but vain struggle with his distemper," says he, "he dismissed his physicians, and, with them, all hopes of life: but with his hopes of life, he dismissed not his concern for the living, but sent for Lord Warwick, a youth nearly related, and finely accomplished, but of a very irregular life, and perhaps, loose opinions. He came; but life, now

Dr. Edward Young,

t

glimmering in the socket, the dying friend was silent. After a decent pause, the youth said, "Dear sir, you sent for me, and if you have any commands, I shall hold them most sacred." May distant ages, proceeds this author, not only hear, but feel the reply! Forcibly grasping the youth's hand, he softly said, "See in what peace a Christian can die." He spoke with difficulty and soon expired. We cannot more properly close this character of Mr. Addison, than by two lines from Mr. Tickel, on this great man's death:

He taught us how to live; and oh! too high
A price for knowledge, taught us how to die.

ADRIAN, or HADRIAN (PUBLIUS ELIUS), the Roman emperor, was born at Rome, Jan. 24, inthe year of Christ 76. His father left him an orphan, at ten years of age, under the guardianship of Trajan, and Cælius Tatianus, a Roman knight. He began to serve very early in the armies, having been tribune of a legion before the death of Domitian, and was the person chosen by the army of Lower Mæsia, to carry the news of Nerva's death to Trajan, successor to the empire. The extravagant expences which Adrian ran into in his youth, made him lose this emperor's favour; but having recovered it by a reformation in his behaviour, he was married to Sabina, a grand niece of Trajan's, and the empress Plotina became his great friend and patroness. He accompanied Trajan in most of his expeditions, and particuJarly distinguished himself in the second war against the Daci; and having before been quæstor, as well as tribune of the people, he was now successively prætor, governor of Pannonia, and consul. After the siege of Atra in Arabia was raised, Trajan, who had already given him the government of Syria, left him the command of the army; and at length, when he found death approaching, it is said he adopted him.

The reality of this adoption is by some disputed, and is thought to have been a contrivance of Plotina but however this may be, Adrian, who was then in Antiochia, as soon as he received the news thereof, and of Trajan's death, declared himself emperor, on the 11th of August, 117. No sooner had he arrived at the imperial dignity, than he made peace with the Persians, to whom he yielded up great part of the conquests of his predecessors; and from generosity or policy, he remitted the debts of the Roman people, to a prodigious amount; and caused to be burnt. all the bonds and obligations relating to those debts, that the people might be under no apprehension of being called to an account for them afterwards. He went to visit all the provinces, and did not return to Rome till the year 118. The following year he went to Mæsia, to oppose the Sarmatæ. In his absence, several persons of great worth were put to death; and though he protested he had given no orders for that purpose, yet the odium thereof fell chiefly upon him. No prince travelled more than Adrian; there being hardly one province in the empire, which he did not visit. In 120, he went into Gaul, from thence to Britain, where he took care to have a wall built, as a defence against those, who would not submit to the Roman government. In 121, he returned into France; thence he went into Spain, to Mauritania, and at length into the East, where he quieted the Parthians. After having visited all the provinces of Asia, he returned to Athens in 125, where he passed the winter: he went from thence to Sicily, and saw Mount Etna. He returned to Rome the beginning of the year 129; and according to some, went again the same year, to Africa; and, after his return from thence, to the east. He was in Egypt in the year 132, revisited Syria the year following, returned to Athens in 134, and to Rome in 135. The persecution against the christians was very violent under his reign; but it was at length suspended, in conse

quence of the remonstrances of Quadratus, bishop of Athens, and Aristides, two christian philosophers, who presented the Emperor with some books in favor of the christian religion. He conquered the Jews; and by way of insult, erected a temple to Jupiter, on Mount Calvary, and placed a statue of Adonis in the manger of Bethlehem: he caused also the images of swine to be engraved on the gates of Jerusalem.

Adrian reigned 21 years, and died at Baiæ, in the 63d year of his age. The Latin verses he addressed to his soul on his death-bed, shew his uncertainty and doubts in regard to the other world. He was a prince adorned with great virtues, but they were mingled with great vices. He was generous, industrious, polite, and exact; he maintained order and discipline; he administered justice with indefatigable application, and punished rigorously all those who did not faithfully execute the offices with which they were entrusted; he had a great share of wit and a surprising memory; he was well versed in most of the polite arts and sciences, and is said to have written several works. On the other hand, he was cruel, envious, lascivious, superstitious, and so weak as to give himself up to the study of magic.

The following is Pope's translation of these verses:

Ah! fleeting fpirit! wandering fire,

That long hast warm'd my tender breast,
Must thou no more this frame inspire?
No more a pleasing, cheerful guest?

Whither, ah whither art thou flying?

To what dark undiscover'd shore?
Thou seem'st all trembling, shiv'ring, dying,
And wit and humour are no more!

ADRIAN IV. (POPE), the only Englishman who ever had the honor of sitting in the papal chair. His name was Nicholas Brekespere; and he was born at Langley, near St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire. Ilis

father having left his family, and taken the habit of the monastery of St. Alban's, Nicholas was obliged to submit to the lowest offices in that house for support. After some time he desired to take the habit in that monastery, but was rejected by the abbot Richard. "He was examined," says Matthew Paris," and being found insufficient, the abbot civilly enough said to him, "Wait, my son, and go to school a little longer, till you are better qualified." Having met with this repulse, he resolved to try his fortune in another country, and accordingly went to Paris; where, though in very poor circumstances, he applied himself to his studies with great assiduity,and made a wonderful proficiency. But having still a strong inclination to a religious life, he left Paris, and removed to Provence, where he became a regular clerk in the monastery of St. Rufus. Here he distinguished himself so much by his learning and strict observance of the monastic discipline, that upon the death of the abbot, he was chosen superior of that house. He did not, however, long enjoy this abbey; for the monks, being tired of the government of a foreigner, brought accusations against him before pope Eugenius III. who, after having examined their complaint, and heard the defence of Nicholas, declared him innocent. Being likewise sensible of his great merit, and thinking he might be serviceable to the church, in a higher station, he created him cardinal bishop of Alba, in 1146.

In 1148, Eugenius sent him legate to Denmark and Norway, where, by his fervent preaching and diligent instructions, he converted those nations to the Christian faith. When he returned to Rome, he was received by the pope and cardinals with great marks of honor and pope Anastasius, who succeeded Eugenius, happening to die at this time, Nicholas was unanimously chosen to the holy see, in November, 1154, and took the name of Adrian. When the news of his promotion reached England, king Henry II.