arm-chair still standing in the chimney corner. Then he went down to the Durance, where in the village inn he was served by a bright, talkative old peasant woman who had passed all her days on the banks of the great Alpine torrent. He asked her if she had ever known any elders who had seen Napoleon. “Napoléon," she replied in her broad Provençal accent, "connais-pas ce nom-là. Peut-être bien c'est un voyageur de commerce. In the brief sketch of the Institute of France Mr. Bodley says, in reference to Zola, that Halévy told him that it was not the coarse naturalism of Zola which prevented his election, but the feeling that, as he had used his great talent to slander France, it was not for the most authoritative body in the land to seal with its sanction his calumnies." Mr. Bodley closes with words of optimism: "There is no reason for bemoaning the new age, even though it is making the world unlovely according to the roble standards handed down from antiquity. There never was such a time in the history of mankind when the whole of its future destiny was, as it is now, in the hands of the younger generation. The coming race, born into a society in which all the conditions of life are changing, will differ from all past generations in having no need to look to the wisdom of its forefathers to guide it in directing the course of the world." There is a fine portrait of Manning towards the close of his life, from the painting done for Mr. Bodley by Mr. A. D. May. It is just as we remember him when we heard him preach in the Pro-Cathedral at Kensington. Never to be forgotten is the light that would illumine his face on Easter morning as he told, in his beautiful, simple language, the story of the Resurrection, or on a Christmas Day, when his subject would be the birth of the Prince of Peace. tion. The Lost Language of Symbolism. By Harold Bayley. 2 vols. (Williams & Norgate.) WE took up these two handsome volumes with pleasurable anticipations. They have all the outward seeming of an important work to which the publishers have been generous in the matter of paper, type, and illustrations. For the last, 1,418 in number, consisting of paper watermarks and printers' symbols, the author has laid M. Briquet's Les Filigranes' under contribuThe book is ostensibly designed to expound their hidden meaning, but the great bulk of it really consists of etymological speculations which it is difficult to characterize. If we say that they out-herod the wildest conjectures of Jacob Bryant, Godfrey Higgins, G. S. Faber, A. W. Inman, and Morgan Kavanagh, we understate the case. Mr. Bayley ingenuously confesses that some of his philological conclusions formulated almost against his common-sense (i. 15); we can well believe it. That we may do him no injustice we will let him speak for himself by presenting some average specimens of his researches. were "the words Home and Heim both mean Om, the sun, or Omma, the eye (i. 314). One of these key-words to the lost language of symbolism is ak, "which must have meant great or mighty.” Let us see by what proofs Mr. Bayley establishes its existence. It may be traced in Lat. aquila and Span. aguila, for the core of both these words is evidently Huhi, an Egyptian term for God the Father, and both thus read ak Huhi la, the Great Father Everlasting (i. 309). Per-ak, the Great Fire, is seen, not only in the East Indian Perak, but in the Greek Paraclete, the Comforter, which is radically per ak el, the Fire of the Great God"; and it “ may well have been the origin of our adjective perky, meaning sprightly and full of fire " (i. 311). The French for lightning, éclair, is phonetically ak clare, the great shine' (i. 295); and Chanticler is apparently compounded of chant and éclairthe singer of the lightning" (ii. 18). Cross stands for ak ur os, the light of the Great Fire (ii. 121); and why should it not, since caress is ac Eros, or great love (ii. 252); Cube, ac ube, Great Orb (ii. 181); apex is ap ekse, great fiery eye"; and acme, ack ome, Great Sun (ii. 169)? while in occident we may recognize ok se den, the "resplendent den of Okse the Mighty Fire " (ii. 45), and ichneumon may be resolved into ik en Hu mon, the Great One, the solitary Hu' (ii. 113). The same ubiquitous root ak is seen in globe, which "must originally have been ag el obe, the Great Orb of God (i. 302); and in the Anglo-Saxon word for bright, white, which was blac, evidently Belar, the Great Bel" (i. 296), to say nothing of "akclamation or great clamour (i. 298). Moreover," Hauck is almost identical' with Ork, the Gaelic for whale,' the Great fish (i. 310). 66 66 Sun, "the We need not quote more, but if the reader has an appetite for these ingenious pseudologies, which he will not find in Skeat and Murray, he will learn that the word emperor, or empereur, is, as the French pronounce it, om per ur, Father, Fire " (i. 336); pigeon is pi ja on, Father of the Everlasting One (i. 307); "the Anglo-Saxon law is el aw, Lord Aw" (i. 348);: and that Pa ur, the Father of Light, is the origin of power (ibid.). "The English word labour, pronounced liber in London dialect, may be equated with Liber, the giver of all goods (ii. 116). Mr. Bayley reminds us that "Solon knew nothing of the findings of modern Philology (ii. 355), for which he is much to be commiserated.. On the other hand, "it is curious that Etymology, unable to account for the curiously fluctuating and seemingly whimsical variations of speech, is now perplexedly falling back upon old and discarded ideas." We acquit Mr. Bayley of any such error. The Story of Architecture in Oxford Stone. By E. A. Greening Lamborn. (Oxford, University Press.) IF we were asked for a first book to put into the hands of an intelligent beginner in the study of architecture, out of all the mass of books on the subject now offered, we believe we should recommend this. It is not without faults, but its merits largely outweigh these. Built up somewhat in the way of an arch upon its centring, it expresses-and, one may say, imparts-a sense for construction unusual in a handbook,. As regards our former criticisms on the volume, we find that the Earl of Donoughmore's eldest son is still called Lord Suirdale, although the editor does not give us any information as to when or how this title was created. On the other hand, we are glad to see that Alexander of Dublin, Baronet, has now got his proper crest allotted to him. As regards the engravings of the coats of arms, we much regret the gradual disappearance of the steel engravings and the increase of the woodblocks. A bad example of the wood-block appears in the case of Queen Alexandra's arms, which are so complicated as here represented that it is almost beyond the reach of ordinary patience to ascertain what they are. which is not only delightful, but in this particular in fact with every honour and decoration conThe ferred by the King. It appears to us to be edited connexion of real and peculiar assistance. well with care, and it must take a great deal of trouble details of fact, historical and other, are chosen, as little hackneyed as may be, and in the course of the year to bring a book of Some reference like this completely up to date. well worked into the texture of the fabric. errors, still more or less current, are once more corrected, such as that concerning the signicross-legged ficance of a effigy. In a few cases we find ourselves partially out of agreement His theory, throughout, is with Mr. Lamborn. that the development of architecture is fundamentally analogous to the evolutionary development of organisms. This is a tempting, but, we believe, a misleading comparison. Heartily at one with him in tracing back beauty of form to constructional necessity, and the passage from beauty to beauty to the discovery of new, or the new application of familiar, principles, we yet detect in him the common blindness of the evolutionist to the fact that, after all, the human worker is a conscious being, and that, if he stumble upon some discovery almost unawares, or following mere necessity, he can use it, once made, Thus, for exwith more intentions than one. ample, we do not see how the medieval designer of the church with transepts can have failed to perceive that the design ended in the form of a cross, or can have failed to take great pleasure in perceiving it, whence, doubtless, a joyful repetition of the design, and that with emphasis. Mr. Lamborn, discoursing on this matter, has a note saying: "Moreover, the Cross of Calvary was probably a Tau," which is surely out of place in connexion with mediæval ideas. Mr. Lamborn has some remarks on Renaissance work in Oxford which seem to us insufficiently considered, as also do some-not by any means all-of the rather petulant reflections on things in general with which his pages are interspersed. The illustrations, most of them quite satisfactory, and forming a well-chosen body, include one or two examples of that rather common modern blemish of the photograph from a dark interior which really illustrates nothing; and they do not include St. Mary's spire. With this we have exhausted our list of complaints, and have only, in conclusion, to congratulate Mr. Lamborn upon the accomplishment of this good and instructive bit of work. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1913. Seventy- The volume, as usual, gives full particulars of every titled family, not only of the actual holder of the title, but of all previous holders and of all possible successors. The publishers claim that it is the only work which does this. In addition to the hereditary honours, it deals with the personal honours of Privy Councillors, Knights, and Companions of Orders, We note that the Guide to Precedence is still retained, although it is a feature that must give What We congratulate Mr. Ashworth Burke on his interesting Preface, which points out that upon the death of the Duke of Fife in January last some of his titles may be dormant or in abeyance, while others become extinct. He also tells us that the official Roll of Baronets may be forthcoming this year. We should advise those who are possessed of this volume of reference to read Mr. Ashworth Burke's Preface which will give them somewhat of a summary of the important events of the year in the Peerage, and also notes on the most interesting deaths and creations therein. Notices to Correspondents. WE beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print, and to this rule we can make no exception. ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. To secure insertion of communications corre spondents must observe the following rules. Let cach note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second com munication Duplicate." 66 COL. HAINES desires to thank C. M. (Warrington) for the answer which appeared ante, p. 17. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 25, 1913. CONTENTS.-No. 161. G. E. C., that most courteous of corre spondents, now, alas! no longer with us, asked for the name of Sarah's mother, and the date and place of her marriage with Thomas Hoggins. The Hoggins family came to Bolas after NOTES:-The Lord of Burleigh and Sarah Hoggins, 611687, and shortly before 1694, when John "Csere Weold Creacum": Widsith,' 62-Statues and Memorials in the British Isles, 64-" Burgee," 65Hoggins was residing at Bolas Heath. Bishops' Transcripts Shakespeariana: "Entrance". Where he came from I have not yet been The Mystery of Edwin Drood,' 66-Baccara-"The able to ascertain, but he married at Waters Wen" a Curiosity of Indexing "The Gold Lion in Lombard Street-"Morrye-house," 67-" Night-cap," 68. Upton, on 1 Dec., 1694, Mary Ansell of that QUERIES:-Top- Compounds -- "Topping of the land"parish. She bore him four children and The late Edward Solly and The Dunciad,' 68-Claren- was buried at Bolas 7 July, 1708. Five don's Essay on War-The Axe and the Sandal Tree-months later, on 27 Dec., 1708, he married Hayter's Trial of Queen Caroline': Dover HouseBainbridge: Goring: Gifford-Vicars of St. John the Baptist, Little Missenden, 69- Andreas Müller of Greiffenhagen - Charles Family Constance Kent Medal-John Walker-Irish Companies-Biographical Information Wanted-Richard Andrewes-Place-Names -Napoleon as Historian, 70-"Tonnagium," 71. REPLIES:-"Sex horas somno"- Galignani, 71 — “To carry one's life in one's hands"-Octagonal Meeting Houses--Words on a Sampler-Botany, 72-The Inquisition in Fiction and Drama-Pepys's Diary: an Error in Transcription, 73-Hymn by Gladstone-The Terminal 41 'ac' "-"Cheev": "Cheever"-" Apium," 74-Napoleon's Imperial Guard-Sir John Greville of Binton, 75-The Text of Shakespeare's Sonnets-Epitaph at Harrington, 76-The Stones of London-Wreck of the Royal GeorgeThe Curfew Bell-Replica of Wilkie's Village Politicians,' 77-References Wanted--Propitiatory SacrificeBoy Bishops, 78. THE LORD OF BURLEIGH AND (See 7 S. xii. 221, 281, 309, 457, 501; IN 1891 and 1892 MR. W. O. WOODALL contributed to N. & Q.' a series of papers which give the most accurate account yet printed of this marriage, and contradict a good many inaccuracies which have been repeated in the popular versions of the story, as, for instance, in that recorded in Mr. E. Walford's Tales of our Great Families.' Having recently been engaged in seeing through the press the Parish Registers of Great Bolas, issued by the Shropshire Parish Register Society, I can supplement MR. WOODALL's papers with some additional facts, especially with reference to the Hoggins family. at Bolas a second wife, Margaret Adney; she was buried 25 Aug., 1727. John Hoggins served the office of churchwarden in 1711, and was living in 1727; but I have not found the record of his burial, unless he were the John Hoggins, a poor man," who was buried at Bolas on 4 March, 1744/5. By his first wife he had issue : (1) John, baptized 18 Sept., and buried 3 Oct., 1695. (2) Mary, baptized 2 March, 1696/7. (3) Thomas, baptized 18 Feb., 1701/2. (4) John, baptized 23 Aug., and buried 25 Dec., 1705. at Thomas Hoggins, the third child and only surviving son, was churchwarden of Bolas in 1734, and was buried there 6 Aug., 1752. He married Sarah, daughter of Henry Bucknall by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. John Snelson, curate of Westonunder Red Castle. She was buried Bolas on 28 Feb., 1753, and her will, dated 25 Feb., 1753, was proved at Lichfield on 8 May, 1754. She leaves all to her son Thomas, he to pay 10l. to her other children, An, Sara, William, and Margret, at their age of 21, and to maintain Elizabeth Bateman for her life; and she appoints John Eddowes and her son Thomas executors. They had issue seven children : (1) Thomas, baptized 7 Nov., 1730. (Sarah's father.) (2) Anne, baptized 9 Nov., 1732. (3) John, baptized 27 Dec., 1734; buried 27 Feb., 1735/6. (4) Sarah, baptized 21 Feb., 1736/7; buried 19 Aug., 1763. (5) William, baptized 13 Aug., 1741. (6) Richard, baptized 11 May, 1744; buried 17 April, 1746. (7) Margaret, baptized 2 Feb., 1746/7. Thomas Hoggins, the eldest child, lived at the old Rectory House at Bolas (long since pulled down), and was overseer in 1785 and 1794. He was twice married : first, on 25 June, 1755, to Sarah Eddowes There were, then, living, when Mr. “John (who was buried 31 May, 1760), and secondly, Jones" came to Bolas in 1788 or 1789, on 6 Nov., 1768, to Jane Bayley, who is Sarah, the eldest child, then scarcely 16, said to have been the daughter of a clergy- and five younger children, James, the man, and who died shortly before her hus- youngest, being but 5 years old. band, and was buried 27 March, 1796. By his first wife he had two children : (1) Isabell, baptized 1 April, 1756. (2) Mary, baptized 17 April, 1759; married 13 Nov., 1780, to Moses Sillitoe of Edgmond, and buried there on 16 May, 1786. By his second wife, Jane Bayley, Thomas Hoggins had ten other children : (3) John, baptized 1 Jan., 1770, and buried the same year. (4) Ann, baptized 7 July, 1771; buried 12 July, 1772. (5) Sarah, baptized 28 June, Countess of Exeter. 1773, 1775, (6) William, baptized 29 Jan.. Captain in the 26th Regiment, and afterwards in the 92nd Regiment; lost on the Aurora, transport No. 229, with troops going to Holland, on the Goodwin Sands in 1805. (7) John, baptized 25 May, 1777; educated at Bridgnorth, School; a farmer at Micklewood, Shropshire, 1801 to 1850, and afterwards of the Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury. He married at Wistanstow, on 27 May, 1802. Ann, daughter of Thomas Beddoes of Cheney Longville. (she died 7 Aug., 1846, aged 66, and was buried on the 11th at Wistanstow), and had issue ten children, all baptized at Leebotwood, and all now deceased. He died at Shrewsbury 15 March, 1857, and was buried on the 19th at Wistanstow. (8) Ann, baptized 13 March, 1779; married A. Hodge, and died at Tortola 29 Nov., 1808, leaving three children. (9) Thomas, born 1 Nov. and baptized 4 Nov., 1781, Captain in the 84th Regiment; died about 1810. (10) Jane, baptized 3 July, and buried 6 July, 1783. (11) James, born 2 Dec., and baptized 5 Dec., 1784; educated at Shrewsbury School and St. John's College, Cambridge, B.A. 1811; Vicar of Elham, Kent, 1834; died at Micklewood whilst on a visit to his brother John, 10 Aug., 1845, and was buried on the 19th at Wistanstow. (12) Richard, baptized 11 March, and buried 15 May, 1787. All these baptisms, marriages, and burials took place at Bolas, except where otherwise stated. Thomas Hoggins, Sarah's father, was buried at Bolas on 1 May, 1796, and administration of his effects was granted by the Bishop's Registry at Lichfield on 27 May, 1796, to his daughter Sarah, Countess of Exeter, who resided within the diocese of London." The sureties wer Evan Foulkes 66 of Southampton Street, Covent Garden, (To be continued.) "CASERE WEOLD CREACUM": 'WIDSITH,' LL. 20, 76. ALL students of 'Widsith' assert that This form shows se be Winburge geweald ahte (I was) with Cæsarius who had the rule of Winburg,* of Willa's Island and the Willas, and of Gaul." The O.E. names of Gaul were *Walland (Anglian) and Wealland (West Saxon). *The scribe of the Exeter Book preferred the miswrote winburga, "of the joyous cities." WinScriptural reference conveyed by the plural, and burg is Binchester, the Vinovium of Antonine and the Joyous Garde of Arthurian legend, sc. Corbin. 66 The southern scribe did not understand "Walarices," otherwise he would have made it true to his own dialect. I shall now show who Widsith's Casere really was. 66 66 on his way back to Gaul by Rechila, King Hermeric's son, in time of peace, and compelled to surrender. In 448 Count Censorius was murdered among the Wisigoths by one of their nobles. In the Chronica' of Fredegar* (cap. 51), at the twenty-fourth year of Theodosius The correctness of Hydatius's spelling,. (=A.D. 448), we may read that the Count as I have remarked already, cannot be Cæsarius was slain at Seville by a Gothic impugned. Censorius is as truly Latin as nobleman named Agyulf. But in Hydatius's Cæsarius is. Moreover, Hydatius was 'Continuatio Chronicorum Hieronymiano- Spaniard, and could not have had any diarum,' at the same regnal year, we are told lectal reason for altering the form of the that Censorius" Agiulf was slain by Count's name. On the other hand, Fredegar at Seville, and no title is given him. Hyda- was a Frank, and, as some of the Frankstius, however, mentions Censorius five were Old Low Franconian, the question of times, namely, capp. 98 and 121 as comes dialect becomes insistent. It was possible, and legatus (Aëtii); capp. 100 and 139 by for instance, for the Welshman, Geoffrey name only; and cap. 111 as legatus (Aëtii). of Monmouth, to write "Mustensar," King Consequently we cannot find fault with of the Africans (X. i.); and the Norman Fredegar for adding comes to the name of Wace could write "Mustansar." But the the murdered man. On the other hand, Englishman Layamon gives us Mustesar Hydatius knew Count Censorius very well, (the MSS. have ofustesar, I believe). Now as I shall show presently; hence we cannotes for ens is in exact conformity with the presume to correct him as to the spelling tendency of all northern Teutonic dialectsof the Count's name. It is indisputable to reject the contact ns-, found in Gothic that both Hydatius and Fredegar referred to the same official, and it should seem that Fredegar's report was not dependent upon Hydatius. Now in 417/18 the Wisigothic king Wáila, the Wala of Widsith, drove the Suevi into the mountains of Galicia. Their depredations were serious and persistent, and in 431 Bishop Hydatius undertook a mission on behalf of the provincials to the Duke Aëtius. While he was away from his see a Wisigoth named Weto visited Galicia, but had to go back to his own people without effecting his object. What that was Hydatius does not explain. In the following year Aëtius sent Count Censorius as his legate to the Suevi, and Hydatius journeyed back to Galicia in the legate's company. In 433, after Censorius had returned to the palace, the peace made between Hermeric, King of the Suevi, and the Galicians is mentioned. In 437 Censorius and Fretimundus are sent as ambassadors to the Suevi, and peace is renewed. In 440 Censorius, who had been sent a third time to the Suevi, was blockaded The Chronica' and Epitome were edited by Dr. Bruno Krusch in 1888, in Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum,' II. (in ‘Mon. Germ. Hist.'), from, inter al., Codex Parisinus, No. 10,910. Fredegar flourished c. 650, and the Paris MS. was transcribed about fifty years later. The Continuatio was edited by Theodore Mommsen in his Chronica Minora,' II. p. 22, from, inter al., Codex Phillipps., No. 1829, of the ninth century. Hydatius (Lemicensis), Bishop of Chaves, flourished c. 450. ,, 99.66 66 us and Alemanic (which include Suevic), and Now what Teutonic personal name would |