New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary MeasuresNational Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change National Academies Press, 2002. jún. 13. - 368 oldal Many people believe that environmental regulation has passed a point of diminishing returns: the quick fixes have been achieved and the main sources of pollution are shifting from large "point sources" to more diffuse sources that are more difficult and expensive to regulate. The political climate has also changed in the United States since the 1970s in ways that provide impetus to seek alternatives to regulation. |
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... firms, other government agencies, and/or individuals.2 This approach is venerable. It can be found in the 4,000year ... firms and plant managers are in a better position than government regulators to determine how to meet the targets ...
... firms to provide the federal government with information on releases of toxic substances. A major goal of the effort was to inform the public about toxics. Starting in the 1990s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the ...
... firms, agreements among firms in an industry, and voluntary actions across industries, such as when firms set environmental requirements for their suppliers. Some other taxonomies also include plans (e.g., Andrews, 1994). Clearly plans ...
... firms, and they responded with major decreases in pollution. This arrangement could work because any regulatory agency had a relatively modest number of firms with which to deal, making the tasks of contacting, negotiating, and ...
... firms may be seeking a niche market defined in terms of minimal environmental impact from their products. Even firms that do not see environmentalism as part of their marketing strategies acknowledge that environmental impacts play some ...
Tartalomjegyzék
3 | |
17 | |
The Message and the Reality | 49 |
Examining the KnowledgeDeficit Model of Behavior Change | 67 |
5 Promoting Green Consumer Behavior with EcoLabels | 83 |
6 The Public Health Perspective for Communicating Environmental Issues | 105 |
7 Understanding Individual and Social Characteristics in the Promotion of Household Disaster Preparedness | 125 |
8 Lessons from Analogous Public Education Campaigns | 141 |
An Initial Survey | 219 |
Emergence and Evolution | 235 |
Environmental Right to Know as a Driver of Sound Environmental Policy | 253 |
16 Challenges in Evaluating Voluntary Environmental Programs | 263 |
A Theoretical Framework | 283 |
18 Factors in Firms and Industries Affecting the Outcomes of Voluntary Measures | 303 |
19 The Policy Context for Flexible Negotiated and Voluntary Measures | 311 |
20 Understanding Voluntary Measures | 319 |
9 Perspectives on Environmental Education in the United States | 147 |
10 A Model of CommunityBased Environmental Education | 161 |
11 Community Environmental Policy Capacity and Effective Environmental Protection | 183 |
What Have We Learned? | 201 |
What We Know and Need to Know | 337 |
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS | 349 |