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its fruit in the promotion of the objects of industry, may be expected from the knowledge of the fact, that hitherto, in consequence of the absence of such information in a collected form, the greatest difficulties have been experienced by commercial men in their endeavours to introduce into trade any new material of industrial importance, or to obtain adequate supplies of materials already known, -but known under a variety of changing, local and unintelligible terms. In the seventeenth century, ROBERT BOYLE perceived the important results likely to arise from the "naturalist's insight into trades." It may be hoped that such results will now not fail of their accomplishment.

Catalogue.

The smaller Catalogue is an abstract of the present work. It was prepared by Abridged condensing the revised and corrected slips forming the Illustrated Catalogue. For economy of space it was necessary to confine the descriptions in that work to an average length of three or four lines.

On the first announcement of a descriptive Catalogue, erroneous ideas as to its size prevailed, to so large an extent as to lead to the fear that a sufficiency of type of the kind required could scarcely be obtained within the necessary time. Statements appeared which gave birth to the opinion that such a work could not be contained in less than ten volumes of eight hundred pages each; and for a considerable time it seemed probable that at least three such volumes would be size. required to complete this record of universal industry. It was soon rendered apparent that the estimates thus formed were incorrect. The articles exhibited by a large proportion of exhibitors-as in textile manufactures-were of a kind which did not admit of descriptions at length; and the returned forms of such articles were generally received written in the customary abbreviated language of commerce. In cases of another kind, where descriptions at greater length were not only admissible, but desirable, economy of space has been obtained by the adoption of a condensed style. The descriptive Catalogue has thus been reduced, notwithstanding the addition of annotations, to a convenient size.

That a work produced under the circumstances in which this Catalogue appears should contain inaccuracies, can less be cause of surprise than would its complete accuracy. One of the greatest obstacles to its correctness has been the delay of the return forms, which continued to arrive up to the period of going Delay of forms. to press, and the incompleteness of the arrangements of many of the exhibitors at the time when the work required to be prepared for issue. In its preparation, however, an attempt has been made to communicate to it a value enduring beyond that of the occasion of its production. The vast and wonderful accumulation of the products of human industry, of which it professes to be the exponent, is gathered only for a time. The intention of this Great Collection accomplished, and its objects realized, the industrial store must again be scattered among the nations contributing to its gathering. But this record of the history of the Great Exhibition must endure beyond the duration of the Exhibition itself. May it remain to indicate to other times the successful accomplishment of the greatest conception of our own, and the favour of the Divine Providence effecting that result.

ROBERT ELLIS.

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Official revision and sanction for publication, by Lieut.-Colonel J. A. LLOYD.

Scientific Revision and Preparation by ROBERT ELLIS, F.L.S.

Historical Introduction by HENRY COLE.

Construction of the Building by M. DIGBY WYATT, C.E., F.R.I.B.A.

Classification of Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition is divided,

by Dr. LYON PLAYFAIR, F.R.S.

Compilation by G. W. YAPP.

Technical information and assistance have also been rendered by Mr. G. TAYLOR, Mr. T. BATTAM, Mr. H. MAUDSLAY, Professor WALLACE, M.A., Mr. C. TOMLINSON, Mr. JOHN GRAHAM, and other Gentlemen.

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECTS IN THE THIRTY CLASSES INTO WHICH THE EXHIBITION IS DIVIDED.

CLASS.

RAW MATERIALS.

I. Mining, Quarrying, Metallurgical Operations, and Mineral Products.

II. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Processes and Products generally.

III. Substances used for Food.

IV. Vegetable and Animal Substances, chiefly used in Manufactures, as Implements, or for Ornament.

MACHINERY.

V. Machines for direct use, including Carriages and Railway and Naval Mechanism.

VI. Manufacturing Machines and Tools.

VII. Civil Engineering, Architectural, and Building Contrivances.

VIII. Naval Architecture and Military Engineering; Ordnance, Armour, and Accoutrements.

IX. Agricultural and Horticultural Machines and Implements.

X. Philosophical Instruments and Processes depending upon their use; Musical, Horological, and
Surgical Instruments.

MANUFACTURES.

XI. Cotton.

XII. Woollen and Worsted.

XIII. Silk and Velvet.

XIV. Manufactures from Flax and Hemp.

XV. Mixed Fabrics, including Shawls, but exclusive of Worsted Goods (Class XII.).

XVI. Leather, including Saddlery and Harness, Skins, Fur, Feathers, and Hair.

XVII. Paper and Stationery, Printing and Bookbinding.

XVIII. Woven, Spun, Felted, and laid Fabrics, when shown as specimens of Printing or Dyeing.

XIX. Tapestry, including Carpets and Floor-cloths, Lace and Embroidery, Fancy and Industrial Works. XX. Articles of Clothing for immediate personal or domestic use.

XXI. Cutlery and Edge Tools.

XXII. Iron and General Hardware.

XXIII. Working in precious Metals, and in their imitation, Jewellery, and all articles of Virtu and Luxury, not included in all other Classes.

XXIV. Glass.

XXV. Ceramic Manufactures, China, Porcelain, Earthenware, &c.

XXVI. Decoration Furniture and Upholstery, including Paper-hangings, Papier Maché, and Japanned

Goods.

XXVII. Manufactures in Mineral Substances, used for building or decoration, as in Marble, Slate, Porphyries, Cements, Artificial Stones, &c.

XXVIII. Manufactures from Animal and Vegetable Substances, not being Woven or Felted, or included in other Sections.

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b. Models of Minerals and Crystals, &c.

c. Collections of Minerals for scientific or educational use.

5. Minerals used in various Arts and Manufactures.
a. Simple bodies or compounds containing the Al-
kalis or Alkaline Earths-

Those used principally for culinary purposes or
for Medicine, as Salt, Mineral Waters, &c.
Those used in various manufactures, as Sulphur,
Borax, &c.

b. Earthy and semi-crystalline Minerals.

Minerals used for grinding and polishing, as
Grindstones, Honestones, Emery, &c.
Lithographic Stones, Drawing Chalks, and
Slate Pencils.

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1. Ores and the Methods of dressing and rendering Ores II. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Processes and Promerchantable.

a. Ores of the more common Metals, as of Iron, Copper, Zinc, Tin, Lead.

b. Native Metals, as Gold, Silver, Copper, &c.

c. Ores used for various purposes, without reduction, as Peroxide of Manganese, &c.

2. Methods of roasting, smelting, or otherwise reducing Ores.

a. The common Metals, as Iron, Copper, Zinc, Tin, Lead.

b. The Metals more generally used in combination, as Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Nickel, &c.

3. Methods of preparing for use the nobler Metals, as Gold, Silver, Mercury, Palladium, Platinum, &c.

4. Adaptation of Metals to special purposes.

a. Metals in various Chemical states, as Iron in the condition of Cast and Malleable Iron, Steel, &c.

b. Metals in their progress to finished Manufactures, as Pigs and Ingots, Sheets, Bars, Wires, &c.

5. Alloys, and methods of rendering more generally useful Metals and their alloys

a. Statuary, Bronze, Gun, Bell, and Speculum Me

tals.

b. Brass, and alloys used as a substitute for it.
c. White alloys, as Britannia Metal, German Silver,
Pewter, &c.

d. Type, Sheathing Metals, and other alloys.

D. NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS.

1. Minerals used as Fuel

a. All kinds of Coal and derived products.
b. Lignite and Peat

c. Bituminous bodies and native Naphtha.

2. Massive Minerals used in construction.

a. For purposes of construction generally-
Siliceous or Calcareous Free Stones and Flags.
Granites, porphyritic and basaltic Rocks.
Slates.

b. For purposes of Ornament, Decoration, and the
Fine Arts-

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ducts generally.

A. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES USED IN MANUFACTURE.
1. From the Mineral Kingdom.
a. Non-metallic substances.

Those used principally in their elementary
state, as Sulphur, Phosphorus, &c.

Acids, as Sulphuric, Muriatic, Nitric, Boracic,

&c.

Miscellaneous Manufactures, as Sulphuret of
Carbon, Chloride of Sulphur, &c.

b. Alkalies, Earths, and their compounds.
Alkalies and their Alkaline Salts, as Soda, Pot-
ash, Ammonia, and the Carbonates, &c.
Neutral Salts of the Alkalies, as Sulphate, Ni-
trate of Soda, Saltpetre, Borax, &c.

Earths and their compounds, as Lime, Mag-
nesia, Barytes, Strontia, Alumina, &c.

c. The compounds of Metals proper, as Salts of Iron, Copper, Lead, &c.

d. Mixed Chemical Manufactures, as Prussiate of Potash, &c.

2. From the Organic Kingdom, and not included in Sections III, and IV.

3. Manufactured Pigments, Dyes, and miscellaneous Chemical Manufactures. (See also Section IV.) a. Pigments employed in House Decoration, and for colouring Woods.

b. Pigments used for Textile Fabrics.

c. Pigments used for Paper Hangings, and for felted and laid Fabrics generally.

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1. From the Mineral Kingdom.

a. Non-metallic substances and their compounds.
b. Alkalies, Earths, and their compounds.
c. Metallic Preparations.

2. From the Vegetable Kingdom, when shown for Pharmaceutical purposes. (See also Sections III. and IV.)

a. Vegetable Infusions, Decoctions, and Solutions, clear or saccharine.

b. Tinctures.

c. Extracts and Inspissated Juices.

d. Resins, Gum Resius, and Oleo Resins and Balsams.

e. Aloes, &c.

f. Gums as Acacia, Tragacanth, &c.

g. Essential Oils, Cajeput, Savine, Turpentine, &c. h. Fixed Oils, as Castor, Croton, Almond, Olive, &c. i. Vegetable parts, as leaves of Digitalis, Hemlock, roots of Jalap, Ipecacuanha, &c.

j. Barks as imported, Cinchona, Cascarilla, Cusparia, &c.

k. Vegeto-Alkalies, their Salts and other Crystalline | IV. Vegetable and Animal Substances, chiefly used in principles of medicinal substances.

1. Vegetable Acids.

m. Miscellaneous Compounds.

3. From the Animal Kingdom.

a. Cod-liver and other Animal Oils for internal or
external application.

b. Unguents of Spermaceti, Lard, Oil, and combina-
tions of them.

c. Antispasmodics, as Musk, Castoreum, Civet, Am-
bergris, &c.

d. Phosphorus, Ammonia, and their products.
e. Irritants, as Cantharides.

f. Antacids, as Crabs'-eyes, Calcareous concretions
of the Craw-fish, Cuttle-bone, &c.

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1. Common European Cereals.

2. Cereals more rarely cultivated in Europe.

3. Millet and other small Grains used as food.

4. Pulses and Cattle Food.

5. Grasses, Fodder Plants, and Agricultural Roots.

6. The Flours or preparations of the above classes.

7. Oil Seeds and their Cakes.

8. Hops and other aromatic plants used for like purposes.

B. DRIED FRUIT AND SEEDS.

Manufactures, as Implements, or for Ornaments.
VEGETABLE.

A. GUM AND RESIN SERIES.

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3. Lichens and their preparations.

4. Dyeing Barks, as Acacias, Quercitron, Mangrove, &c.

5. Woods, as Logwood, Brazil wood, Peach wood, Fustics, &c.

6. Flowers and Berries, as Persian Berries, Safflower, Saffron.

7. Miscellaneous, as Turmeric, &c.

1. Raisins, Currants, Figs, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, &c. E. TANNING SUBSTANCES.

2. Dates, Tamarinds, Dried Bananas, &c.

3. Almonds, Chesnuts, Walnuts, &c.

4. Cocoa-nuts, &c.

C. SUBSTANCES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF DRINKS.

1. Real Teas of all kinds.

2. Substitute for Teas, as Paraguay, Arabian, Bencoolin, &c.

3. Coffee of all kinds, and Cocoa Seeds and Nibs.

4. Various substances, as Chicory Roots, Amande de
Terre, Guarana Bread, &c.

D. INTOXICATING DRUGS, FERMENTED LIQUORS, AND DIS-
TILLED SPIRITS FROM UNUSUAL SOURCES.

1. Fermented Liquors and Spirits from unusual sources.
2. Tobacco.

3. Opium.

4. Hemp, and other Intoxicating Drugs.

E. SPICES AND CONDIMENTS.

1. Cinnamon, Cassia, and their substitutes.

2. Nutmegs and Mace; Cloves and Cassia Buds.

3. Peppers, Capsicum, Mustard, Vanilla, Pimento, Cardamums, &c.

4. Ginger, Turmeric, &c.

F. STARCH SERIES.

1. Pods, Berries, Seeds, and Fruits of various kinds, as Algaroab, Acacia, Nib-nib and Divi'divi Pods, &c.

2. Barks of various kinds, as Barks of the Babool, Brazilian Acacias, Murici, Bucida, Gordonia.

3. Galls, and similar Tanning Materials.

4. Catechu, Kino, Gambeer, &c.

F. FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING MATERIALS FOR CORDAGE
AND CLOTHING.

1. Cottons of all kinds.

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3. Rice-paper of China.

4. Birch Bark, Pottery Bark, Citrus Rind, &c.

5. Substances used as Amadou.

1. Starches of all kinds prepared from Wheat, Rice, H. TIMBER AND FANCY WOODS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION Potatoes, Maize, &c.

2. Arrowroots of all kinds, Tous les Mois.

3. Sagos from the Palms, Cassava, Tapioca, &c.

4. Lichens of all kinds.

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AND ORNAMENT, AND PREPARED BY DYEING.

1. Suited chiefly for purposes of construction, or for the Navy.

2. Suited chiefly for Ornamental Work.

3. Prepared Woods, as by Kyan's, Payne's, Bethell's, and Boucherie's processes.

I. MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTANCES.

1. Substances used as Soap, as Quillai Bark, Soap Berries (Sapindus saponaria), Soap Roots (Saponaria officinalis, &c.).

2. Perfumes, as Pucha Pat, Vetiver, Spikenard, Tonka beans, &c.

3. Substances used mechanically, as Teazels, Dutch Rushes, &c.

4. Seeds and fruits used for Ornamental purposes, as Ganitrus Beads, the Ivory Nut, the Doom Palm, Coquilla Nuts, Bottle Gourds, &c.

ANIMAL.

J. FOR TEXTILE FABRICS AND CLOTHING.

1. Wool, Hair, Bristles, Whalebones.

2. Silk from the Silk-worm Bombyx Mori, and from other species in India, e. g. Bombycilla Cynthia and Attacus Paphia.

3. Feather, Down, Fur, Skins.

4. Miscellaneous.

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