CLASS 1. Mining and Mineral Products. tools, from Perran Porth, near Truro; Lostwithiel; Feock, near Truro; Kenwyn, near Truro; and other localities. Wolfram, from various tin-mines in Cornwall, used as a mordant in dying calicoes. Varieties of rarer minerals, from various parts of Cornwall. DYER, WILLIAM BUNT, Mold-Proprietor. White lead ore, carbonate of lead ore, from Jamaica mine. Assay, 60 per cent. for lead, and four ounces of silver per ton of lead. FAYLE, BENJAMIN, & Co., Old Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street-Proprietor. KING, GEORGE, Demidge Lodge, Gazeley, near Red brick earth as dug from the pit. Red building bricks, pamment bricks, and coping bricks made from the earth. MICHELL, SARAH, St. Austell. White china clay, for manufacturing china and enware, also for bleaching paper, calico, &c. FISHER, FREDERICK, Woolpit, Suffolk- Specimens of Woolpit brick-earth. White building bricks. Pamment bricks and draining pipes. Inorganic vitreous matter, the produce of green ash and elm, calcined in a brick kiln by the exhibitor. Irish laburnum candlesticks. Boxes and shoes of the same wood. Black oak vases, and cluster of carved vines; door and window furniture. Water, from a well in the rock of Cashel, lately discovered, about 150 feet above the general level of the surrounding surface. BROWNE, WILLIAM, St. Austell Proprietor. Specimen of china clay, derived from the decomposition of felspar, extensively used in the manufacture of china, porcelain, and Parian, for ornamental vases, busts, and all articles that require particular care and delicacy in moulding, and (by a recent patent) to be employed in the manufacture of ornamental stone, facing, flooring, and tiling, various articles of furniture, &c. [A very large quantity of valuable china clay and china stone are found naturally and prepared artificially in Cornwall and Devon, chiefly from the St. Austell decomposing granite, and the southern granite of Dartmoor. About 14,000 tons of prepared and 30,000 tons of natural china clay are annually exported, chiefly to the potteries. earth--D. T. A.] FAHIE, JAMES K., Tipperary, Ireland— Copper ore, found on Lord Stanley's property, near Lead ore, found at Oola, near Tipperary. Building limestone, found near Tipperary. Black and white marble, found at Mitchelstown, county Cork. Red and grey marble, found at Cloyne. Hydraulic limestone, found near Tipperary; a natural cement, produced in powder and biscuit. Artificial cement, prepared from chalk, alluvium, and pit clay; and stucco, for interior work; prepared from gypsum found in a limestone quarry near Tipperary. One of a series of reports published monthly, containing a description of the duty performed by the steamengines used in the mines of Cornwall and Devon. The various engineering details of the engine and its work are given in these reports on a new method. MARTYN, ELIAS, St. Austell-Producer and Specimens of China clay, or kaolin, used in the Staffordshire potteries, in bleaching, and in paper making. China stone. MARTIN, REBECCA, Higher Blowing House, St. Porcelain or china clay, natural, and as prepared for the market. Silicious sand, used in the manufacture of glass and china stone, and in glazing and enamelling earthenware. COWPER, JOHN, Alston, Cumberland-Proprietor. Sulphate of barytes, a large crystal from Dunfell, Cumberland. Witherite (carbonate of barytes) from Fallowfield, Northumberland. Sulphate of barytes, found in witherite. Bromlite (baryto-calcite) on bitterspar and pseudomorphous quartz; from Brownley Hill, Alton, Cumberland. Carbonate of barytes, from Fallowfield, Northumberland; used in the manufacture of plate, crown, sheet, and bottle glass, chemical works, &c. Barytes and galena, from the same quarter. Carbonate of lime, from Alton, Cumberland. GREAVES, R., Warwick-Proprietor and Blue lias limestone, with samples of the lime in the lump and ground. Models in lias, Portland, and improved Roman ce White clay, in its rough state, found near Caher, and prepared in biscuit and small bricks, used for stone ware and pottery. Black clay, in its rough state, found at Kil-ment. lanaule. Black fullers' clay, found near Caher, in a stratum over white clay. Felspar, from Lord Kingston's cave, county Cork. Draining tiles and pipes, made on Lord Stanley's property, near Tipperary. Blocks of concrete, made in lias, Portland, and Roman cement, and ground-lias lime. Brick-work cut from the Copenhagen tunnel in the OrnaGreat Northern Railway, and set in lias lime. ments cut and set in the same, to show the adhesiveness of the mortar. Sands, white silica, found at Killonan, useful for heavy iron castings and other purposes. White silica, found near Lias flag-stone, adopted for hall, church, and houseCaher, used for pottery, &c. Manganese, found at Spring-floors, being hard and dry. house. Lithographic stones. Im A vagyun wed in the manufacture of plaster 4 Yura a star fra tertiary deposits, of which r exat in the beizibourhood of Paris, aily the heights of Matmartre. This stone contasse above 7 jer ont, erotate of lime, and 3 per cent. say, which greatly improves the strength of the cement Mws from it. It des between marly beds, and is of freshwater origju; but other beds equally extensive are of the triale meria occurring with common salt, and others again in the oolites of the Alps. The gypsum, heated from 2503 to 270° Faht., parts with the whole of its water, and is changed into an anhydrous sulphate. In this state it is reduced to a fine powder, and then, on being again mixed with water, becomes warm, and rapidly solidifies. This is not the case, however, if the temperature of calcination has been too high, since if it reaches 320 the water is absorbed very slowly. The mode of calcining varies with the object required, the plaster used in constructions being less carefully burnt than that intended for fine casts. A harder and more perfect plaster than the common kind is sometimes made by adding alum during the process of calcination. This material dries more slowly, but is smoother than the ordinary plaster, and has a certain degree of transparency. The use of gypsum as manure depends on its supplying to certain soils lime and sulphuric acid. D. T. A.] DANN, THOMAS, Reigate-Producer. Specimen of crema Se Secs are. MEREDITH, JAMES HISKI, Fcej, Comed Slab of black purnbury, polused in both sides. Sab of red porphyry, pristed on both sides. bat of green porphyry, posted on one side, and partly pollabed on the other. Tessellated porphyry table, ecctaining specimens of indigenous stones raised in the parish if Withiel, in the county of Cornwall, from a portbay quarry, which has been worked for fourteen or been years, was polished in the mills at Fowey Castle Mine, in the parish of Tywar ireath. Porphyries are principally used for cramental architecture, such as flourings, ceilings, and sides of rooms, passages, porches, and entrances of various descriptions; tables, recesses, tessellated pavements, monuments, columns, &c. ROSSMORE, Lord, Rissmore Park, Mazyban, Monaghan. SEYMOUR, ZECHARIAH, Svit, near Glastonbury— stone, and specimens of workmanship. Laminated flagstone, from Pearson Brow Quarry, in Hipperholme, Yorkshire, and from Northowram, near Halifax, from Cromweld Bottom and Southowram, and from Hove Edge and Elland Edge, Yorkshire. Elland Edge Quarry, a bed free from laminæ. Blackstone, from Ringby, near Halifax, and from the All these stones lie above the two known lowest beds of coal in England, and below the level of the other beds. The laminated stones are split into flags for paving, &c. Sandstone from the quarries at Greetland, near Halifax, Yorkshire; it lies below the level of any of the known beds of coal. [The lower coal measures of Yorkshire contain some excellent grits, well adapted for building and paving. Greystone lime, from the lime-works, at Reigate Hill, Some of the latter are well known and very widely used on the estate of the Countess of Warwick. SWEETMAN, JOHN, Sutton County, Ireland- Blue limestone, containing about 90 per cent. of carbonate of lime. Dolomite, containing about 40 per cent. of carbonate of magnesia. Cement made with dolomite. Quartz rock for road metal. Steatite, for pottery or silicated soap. Brown hæmatite iron ore. Black oxide of manganese, containing about 55 per cent. of oxygen. Umber. Yellow and brown ochre. White sand, for manufacture of glass. [Dolomite occurs in various places in Ireland, in veins in the limestone districts, particularly where intruded rocks are near. On the south side of Belfast Lough, at Holywood, it appears also as a distinct rock in a stratum about 60 feet thick. The best kinds contain from 18 to about 22 per cent. of magnesia.-D. T. A.] throughout England.—D. T. A.] LOCAL COMMITTEE, St. Austell-Collectors. Alluvium, in which stream tin ore is found. The ore as prepared for sale. Specimens of pebbles of tin ore. Building stones from the vicinity of St. Austell, prepared in cubes. FREEMAN, WILLIAM & JOHN, Millbank Street, Westminster-Producers. Several varieties of material used for constructions, namely: stantine, near Helston; from Carnsew, Mabe parish, and GRANITES from Lamorna, near Penzance; from ConPolkanago, Stithian's parish, near Penryn; from Zennor, near St. Ives; and from Rosemorran, Gulval, Cornwall. Foggintor granite, county Devon; Aberdeen granite, and Peterhead granite, from Stirling Hill quarries, Aberdeenshire; Dalkey or Dunleary granite, county Dublin; Ire land, and Guernsey and Herm granite used for macadam CLASS 1. Mining and Mineral Products. ising roads. Polyphant stone from Lewannick, near Launceston. LIMESTONES.-Purbeck marble, from Swanage, Dorset; the top vein in the quarry, used anciently in churches and cathedrals. Purbeck stone, called Laning vein, the second stratum from the top, used chiefly for door steps and street curbs; freestone, third vein, used chiefly for building; stone, from Down's Vein, fourth from the top of the quarry, used for footway paving; stone, called feather, fifth vein, used in church building; stone, five bed and cap used for carriage-way paving and building purposes; Portland. Portland Stone, from West Cliff and from Bill quarries; from the Waycroft quarries; from the Trade quarry, and from the Vera Street quarry, all in the isle of Portland. Portland Roach, the upper part of the regular stone beds; the lowest bed, used for troughs, sinks, &c. Bath stone, from the Farleigh Down quarries; from the Box quarries, and from Coombe Down quarries. Limestone, from Hooe lake, Plymstock; used for agricultural purposes, for footway pavements, and building. Caen stone, from the quarries of M. Jobert. MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE, from the estate of the Misses Gascoigne; Huddlestone stone, near Sherburne, Yorkshire. SANDSTONES.-Darley Dale stone, from Stancliff quarry, near Bakewell, Derbyshire; Cromwell bottom stone, from the estate of Samuel Freeman, Esq., Southowram, near Halifax, Yorkshire. Bradford stone, from the quarries at Heaton. Potter Newton stone, and Gipton wood stone, from the neighbourhood of Leeds. Bramley Fall stone, from Meanwood quarries, near Leeds; and from Horsforth quarries, near Leeds. Gazby stone, from quarries near Bradford. Kentish rag, from the quarries of Mr. Bousted and Mr. Seager, near Maidstone. Fire stone, from the quarries of Mr. Stedall, Godstone, Surrey. SLATES and SCHISTS.-Caithness slabs, used very extensively for paving. Valentia slate stone, from the island of Valentia, Kerry, Ireland: the slate is non-absorbent; experiments made by Messrs. Bramah showed that inch cubes required nearly six tons to crush them. Osborne, and some other of the royal residences, ornamental stones of British porphyries, and other ornamental stones, have been used. Many of them are of a beautiful description, susceptible of the highest polish, and all very durable. The greenstones, or as they are sometimes called ironstone porphyries, are now being introduced into London for road-making, and it appears to prove an exceedingly good material for that purpose. |—R. H.] RODD, T. H., Esq., Trebartha Hall, near Laun- Varieties of porphyry, for ornamental and building purposes. JENKINS & STICK, Truro-Proprietors. Varieties of porphyry, from Tremone in Withiel. WHITLEY, NICHOLAS, Truro. Varieties of porphyry. HAIGH, JOHN, Godley Cottage, near Halifax- Specimens of freestone from Northowram quarries, near Halifax. Block, in its natural state; block, variously dressed. Flag, for causeways and floors of buildings. JOHNSTON, GEORGE, Craigleith, Edinburgh- Stone from Carlingnose quarry, North Queensferry, Scotland. This stone has been extensively used in Scotland, England, and Wales; more especially at Her Majesty's dockyards at Woolwich, Sheerness, and Chatland); at Newcastle, Sunderland, and Hartlepool; and ham; for the breakwater at Warkworth (Northumberin paving the Imperial Museum at St. Petersburg. Stone from Barnton Mount quarry, near Edinburgh: this stone can be procured in large blocks, and in any quantity. Specimen of paving stones from the same granite quarry. Specimen of stone from Craigleith quarry, near Edinburgh; much used for stairs, landings, and fine pavings; MARBLE. Green, and black marble, from the estate may be seen applied to those purposes at the British of Mr. Martin, county Galway, Ireland. [Most of the materials commonly used in construction in London are illustrated in the above collection. The Cornish granites and the Portland stones may, however, be selected as requiring notice here. Of the former, those shipped from Penryn are the best known, but the quantity annually exported varies very greatly, and the qualities are also variable. The different kinds exhibited will give some idea of their appearance. The Portland stone is well known, and very excellent, but costly, and rather heavy; it contains 95 per cent. carbonate of lime, 1 silica, and 1 carbonate of magnesia: specific gravity = 2.145, and cohesive power moderate. The upper beds above the freestone are the top-cap, skull-cap, and roach, the latter forming a good stone; the next bed is the best or top-bed, from 3 to 8 ft. thick, and this is succeeded by the middle or curf-bed, and an inferior bottom bed. The position of the Portland stone is in the upper part of the upper oolites.-D.T.A.] The TRURO LOCAL COMMITTEE-Proprietors. Varieties of clays, from various districts of Cornwall, used for fire-clay, coarse pottery, pigments, and agricultural manure. HICKS, THOMAS, Truro. Varieties of porphyry, for various purposes. [The porphyries of Cornwall and other districts, where the primary and protrusive rocks prevail, have been neglected up to the present time. In the decoration of Museum, Royal Exchange, Custom House, &c., London. [The Craigleith stone is a sandstone of the carboniferous series, consisting of fine quartz grains with a silicious cement, and occasional plates of mica. It is obtainable of any practicable length and breadth, and up to 10 feet thick. Weight, per cubic foot, 146 lbs. It consists of more than 98 per cent. of silica, and 1 per cent. carbonate of lime.-D. T. A.] BEWICK, JOSEPH, Grosmont, near Whitby- Calcareous ironstone from the iron mines of Mrs. Clark, of Hollins House, Grosmont, in the valley of the Esk. Sandstone from the estate of Mrs. Clark, at Fairhead, near Grosmont. Petrified shells found in the ironstone beds. BARRY & BARRY, THOMAS and JACOB, Margan St. Columb-Producers. Firestone, a soft-grained elvan or porphyry, from quarries near Newquay, used for lining limekilns and furnaces. [The elvans (porphyritic dykes) of Cornwall are used for various purposes of construction, but it is only occasionally that they yield firestones.-D. T. A.] CHAMBERLAIN, THOMAS, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire-Manufacturer. Stones for burnishing all kinds of plate and gilded work, both in the rough and prepared state. KAY, J., Hayhill Ochiltree-Manufacturer. Curling stone, made of greenstone trap. CLASS 1. Mining and Mineral Products. QUILLIAM & CREER, Castletown, Isle of Man-Producers. Slabs of Poolvash black marble, inlaid with red and yellow composition, to imitate encaustic tiles. Plain polished slab of Poolvash black marble. Table of Poolvash grey shelly marble, with encrinital column. National tile one foot square. Poolvash black marble, with the arms of England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and the Isle of Man, in figures inlaid in red. Slab of black marble, for chess table, inlaid with various marbles of the Isle of Man. Marble candlesticks. Wreath of flowers in Poolvash black marble. Portland stone, showing different samples of workmanship. Specimens of Roach Portland stone. The backs show natural fractures. FRESTON, WILLIAM, Hawthorn Cottage, Building-stone from Painswick Quarries; from Sheepscombe, and from Nailsworth Quarries. Voss, JAMES, Woodyhide, Corfe Castle- Purbeck marble, from quarries at Woody-hide, Corfe Castle, used in decorating the interior of the Temple Church, London; also used for dairies, hall tables, mantelpieces, &c. CUMMING, Rev. Joseph George, Castletown, Isle of Man. Black flagstone (Posidonia schist), from Poolvash, Isle of Man. Exported from Castletown. The quarries have [The Purbeck series of beds occurs at the base of the been wrought upwards of 200 years. The steps of St. Paul's Cathedral are from these quarries; they were pre-series. It is best developed in the Isle of Purbeck, where Wealden formation, and immediately overly the Portland sented by Bishop Thomas Wilson. Used largely for flooring, chimney-pieces, tomb-stones, and, as suggested by the exhibitor, inlaid with a red composition to imitate encaustic tiles. Easily and economically wrought. Grey marble (encrinital and shelly limestone), from Poolvash. Exported from Castletown. Used for tables and chimney ornaments. Black marble (lower carboniferous limestone), from Port St. Mary, Isle of Man. It is hard and durable, and takes a good natural polish; raised in blocks and flags of great size. Used for piers, floorings, tomb-stones, and burnt into a strong lime. Pale marble (carboniferous limestone), from Scarlett, Isle of Man. Exported from Castletown. Castle Rushen (900 years old), King William's College, St. Thomas's church, Douglas, and Castletown pier are built from these quarries. It is durable, and easily raised. Spanish-head flagstone (clay schist). It is exported from Port St. Mary, used for lintels and gate-posts, and in ancient times for Runic monuments, and is durable and slightly elastic in thin flags, and can be raised in squares of 16 feet each way. Peel freestone (old red sandstone), from Craig Mallin, Isle of Man. Exported from Peel. A large portion of Peel Cathedral was built of it in 1226. Granite, from South Barrule, Isle of Man. Quarries lately opened, and the church of St. John built from them. Old fonts on the island, were formed from boulders of this granite. Exported from Douglas, Peel, and Castle town. Porphyritic greenstone, from Langness, Isle of Man. Good road material. May be obtained and shipped in any quantity at Derby haven. Hæmatite. Iron ore from the glebe vein, Maughold, Isle of Man. Exported from Ramsey. White carbonate of barytes, from the Cross vein, South Barrule. A vein 5 feet thick, but not raised for the market. All the quarries on the island belong to the Crown. [The different building and road materials, above referred to, will be found to present some rocks of considerable interest, hitherto little used for economic purposes. The marbles and other calcareous rocks are all from the carboniferous limestone, and entirely confined to the southern extremity of the island, near Castletown, where they occupy about 16 square miles, for the most part covered by tertiary gravel. The sandstones, schists, and granites are more abundant, but less valuable. Of the calcareous rocks, the black flagstones of Poolvash contain much carbon and some argillaceous matter, and are very durable. The different marbles have the same properties as the carboniferous limestones of Derbyshire; and the porphyritic rocks are generally of good quality.D. T. A.] FOOT, JOHN, Abingdon Street, WestminsterProprietor. Specimens of Best Bed Portland stone, and Whit Bed it has a thickness of 275 feet, 55 feet of the upper part of which is useful stone. The beds called Purbeck marble consist, for the most part, of small paludina, cemented by carbonate of lime with much green matter. Other beds are composed of bi-valves of the genus Cyclas. They are all used for building purposes.-D. T. A.] GELLING, FREDERICK LAMOTHE, Castletown, Isle of Marble, obtained from Coshnahawin and Skillicore, in the parish of Malew, Isle of Man, exhibited in several forms, to show its capabilities-in the rough, with one face polished; table in five pieces; turned specimens; a vase, &c. It can be raised of large size, and of great variety. Red porphyry, and agate or pebble, with polished faces. [The limestone of Skillicore and Coshnahawin is of the carboniferous period, and is broken up into rhomboidal blocks, the intervals being often filled with quartz. The rock exhibits a beautiful variegated appearance, but is too much fractured, and appears to be too hard to be worked with profit as a marble.-D. T. A.] GOWANS, JAMES, Edinburgh-Proprietor. Group in freestone, designed and executed by A. Handyside Ritchie, 92 Princes Street, Edinburgh. This stone is from Redhall quarry. According to the analysis of Dr. George Wilson, of Edinburgh, the average percentage of peroxide of iron is not more than 052. It is said to possess the property of hardening by exposure to the weather, and of retaining its primitive surface. Specimen of freestone, from Binny quarry, forming the plinth of the group. Dr. Wilson, in his analysis, says, "This building stone which has been in use for many years in Edinburgh, has been analysed by me, and found to contain the same percentage of peroxide of iron as the Redhall freestone, and through it a quantity of native bitumen or asphaltum I find that it exhibits the peculiarity of having diffused which acts as a protective varnish to the stone, and defends it from the action of the atmosphere." Specimen of Binny quarry bitumen candles, made from the nearly solid bitumen or mineral wax, which is diffused through the stone, and exudes in considerable quantity between its layers. Owing to its abundance, the workmen use it for domestic purposes. state. Specimen of bitumen from Binny quarry, in its natural It has been found by Dr. Wilson to yield, on distillation, paraffine, and a liquid hydro-carbon analogous to naphtha. from a horizontal shaft, and capable of raising 20 tons. Model of a steam crane, with travelling gear, worked Drawing of a steam crane, worked by crab gearing, attached to a horizontal steam-engine, and capable of raising 50 tons. Drawing of a boring machine, capable of boring holes to CLASS 1. Mining and Mineral Products. a depth of 40 or 50 feet; from 3 to 6 inches in dia meter. Specimen of bitumen used in conjunction with a galvanic battery for separating the large masses of rock in the quarry. It is stated that masses weighing upwards of 6,000 tons have been dislodged by this operation from their beds. It is proposed to apply the same method to the working of coal-mines, blasting of submarine rocks, &c. GUILLAUME, GEORGE, Southampton. Specimen of stone found in Hampshire, adapted for ornamental use. JENNINGS, BENJAMIN, Hereford-Proprietor. Specimen of sandstone, from the Three Elms Quarries, near Hereford. Exhibited on account of its strength and durability; it is said to stand equally well on its edge or on its bed; and to be suitable for cider mills, sea walls, railway purposes, &c. KIRK & PARRY, Sleaford, Lincolnshire- Specimen of Ancaster stone, of the lower oolite formation, from the quarry at Wilsford, near Sleaford, Lincolnshire. It is said to be a durable building material, used chiefly for dressings and architectural decorations, and adapted for sculpture and ornaments of various kinds. It rises in beds, varying from 10 to 24 inches in thickness: the texture is close and uniform; and it is stated that although it can be cut with an ordinary peg-tooth saw, like the Bath oolite, it will carry an arris equal to that of Portland stone. [Ancaster stone is a fine cream-coloured oolite, cemented by compact, and, often, crystalline carbonate of lime. There are numerous beds, the entire depth of workable stone being 13 feet, and blocks of 3 to 5 tons being obtainable. The stone weighs 139 lbs. 4 ozs. per cubic foot; absorbs very little water; cohesive power tolerably high; composition-carbonate of lime 93-6, carbonate of magnesia 2.9, with a little iron and alumina, and a trace of bitumen. Belvoir Castle, Belton House, and numerous mansions and churches in Lincolnshire are constructed of this stone.-D. T. A.] LINDLEY, CHARLES, Mansfield-Proprietor. Twelve-inch cube of magnesian limestone, or dolomite, from the Mansfield Woodhouse Quarries, re-opened 1840, after a lapse of several centuries, to obtain the supply of stones for the erection of the new Houses of Parliament at Westminster. Chemical analysis:-Carbonate of lime, 51.65; carbonate of magnesia, 42.60; silica, 3.70; water and loss, 2:05. The débris is largely used for the production of carbonic acid gas and Epsom salts. White calcareous sandstone. Chemical analysis:-Silica, 51.40; carbonate of lime, 26.50; carbonate of magnesia, 17.98; iron alumina, 1:32; water and loss, 2:08. Red calcareous sandstone. Chemical analysis :-Silica, 49-4; carbonate of lime, 26.5; carbonate of magnesia, 16.1; iron alumina, 5.2; water and loss, 2.8. From quarries which have been in work for four hundred years. These two sandstones are the connecting link between the magnesian limestone and the new red sandstone formations, partaking of the characters of both. [The magnesian limestones, valuable for building purposes, are chiefly or entirely those which present equal proportions of carbonate of lime and carbonate of magnesia in a semi-crystalline state. Such stone has a peculiarly pearly lustre when broken, but its colour, when worked, is light yellowish brown, not changing by exposure. Its specific gravity is very high, the stone weighing upwards of 150 lbs. the cubic foot. The cohesive power is exceedingly great, and hardly rivalled by any limestone.-D. T. A.] POWELL, FREDERICK, Knaresborough, Yorkshire Collector. Building stones, from quarries in the immediate vicinity of Knaresborough. RUTHERFORD, JESSE, Stone Merchant, Wingerworth, near Chesterfield-Producer. Stone from Wingerworth quarry, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Stone from Lion quarry, Wooley Moor, near Wingerworth, Chesterfield. Stone from Bramley Fall quarry, Wingerworth, near Chesterfield: this stone is generally used in heavy works such as docks, bridges, &c.; the quarry has been known upwards of 500 years; the stone is obtained in blocks 45 feet long, 20 feet broad, and 16 feet thick, each block weighing about 1000 tons. [The Bramley Fall stone is a light ferruginous brown sandstone, with an argillo-calcareous cement and very little mica. It weighs 142 lbs. 3 oz. to the cubic foot.D. T. A.] SPARKS, W., Crewkerne-Collector. set, and Devon:Specimens of stone from the counties of Dorset, Somer Greensand, a silicious stone, from Blackdown Hills, Devon, used as a whetstone for scythes, &c. ing stone from Ridgway; and limestone from Langton Purbeck marble; Purbeck stone; Portland stone. BuildHerring, near Weymouth. Building stones, white and calcareous, from Bothenhampton, near Bridport, and Beaminster, Dorset; also from Bath, Doulting, near Wells, and Crewkerne, Somerset. Ferruginous stone, for public buildings, mill-dams, &c., from Hamdon Hill, Somerset. Blue lias limestone, for docks, railways, &c., from Lyme Regis, Dorset, from Curry Rivell, near Langport, and from Keinton, Somerset. White lias, from Beer Crowcombe, and from Tiverton, Somerset. Gypsum, from the former place. New red sandstone, from Bishop's Lydiard, near Taunton, Somerset. Millstone grit, for paving, &c., from the Pennant quarries, Hanham, near Bath. Carboniferous limestone, from St. Vincent's rocks, Clifton; from the Breakwater quarries, Plymouth, from Newton-Abbott; and from Kingskerswell, near Torquay, Devon. Granite, from Dartmouth, Devon, used for Government works, Stonehouse. [Many of the stones referred to in the above list are of considerable value and interest. The whetstones first alluded to are manufactured from hard sand concretions, found in the lower cretaceous rocks on the west part of the Blackdown hills, and quarried from galleries driven as much as 300 yards into the hill side. These concretions vary from 6 to 18 inches in diameter, and form a bed about 4 feet thick, available for scythe-stones. The beds above and below are employed for building purposes. The inferior oolites, worked at Crewkerne as building stones, are not specially remarkable for excellence, but the Ham hill stone is durable and valuable. The Pennant grit is a rock much employed for building and engineering purposes, and belongs to the coal measures. The granite of Stonehouse and Dartmoor is a valuable and durable material.-D. T. A.] |