ARBOR (in Mechanicks) the principal part of a machine which ferves to fuftain the seft; alfo a fpindle or axis on which a machine turns, I.. ARBOR Genealogica, i, e. the tree of confanguinity; is used to fignify a lineage drawn out under the form or resemblance of a root, ftock, branches, &c. AR'BORARY (arborarius, L.) belonging to trees. AR BORETS, little arbours. Mile. ARBO REOUS (arboreus, L.) of, or like, or pertaining trees. ARCANUM Joviale (with Chymifts) is amalgama made of equal parts of tin and hercury, powdered and digefted with good fpirit of nit e; the dry mafs being powdered again after the fpirit of nitre has been drawn off in a retort, and laftly digefted in fpirit of wine, till the powder is become taftelefs. and dianeve, to minifter or ferve, Gr.) a church officer whofe business is to vifit the parishes within a certain diftrict. It was ori ginally given to the first or eldest deacon who attended on the bishop, but without any power; but fince the council of Nice, the function is become a dignity, and raised a bove that of priest, tho' in the primitive times of chriftianity it was far otherwife. For in those times the archdeacon was the bishops chief minister in all external affairs, and particularly the temporalities. In the 10th century, they began to be esteemed, as having jurifdiction in their own right, or elfe attach'd to their office, with a power of delegating it to others; but this being thought too much, their power was leffened by increafing their number. There are in England Gixty Archdeacons, whofe office is every second year to vifit and ARC BOUTANT (o arc and bouter, F. enquire into the reparations and movables of to abut) in Artbitecture fignifies a flat arch churches, to reform abufes inecclefiaftical afabutting against the reigns of a vault in or-fairs, and to bring the more weighty affairs beder to fupport it, and prevent its giving way. fore the bifhop. ARCH (probably of dexos, Gr.) arrant or notorious; as an arch-rogue, an arch-traytor, an arch-wag. They have alfo a power to fufpend, excommunicate, and in many places to prove wills, and in fome places to inftitute to be ARCH-BISHOP (Action, Gr.)nefices. is the chief or metropolitan bishop of Eng. land, who has under him feveral fuffragan bishops. The title of arch-bishop was first introduced in the east about the year of Chrift 340, but was at that time only honorary, and was given to all bifhops of great cities. England has only two arch-bishops, that of Canterbury and that of York, who are called Primates and Metropolitans. The bishop of Canterbury had anciently jurifdiction over Ireland, and was filed a patriarch. He was dignified with fome fpecial token of royalty, as to be patron of the bishoprick of Rochefter. To create knights, coin money, &c. He is fill accounted the first peer of England, and next to the royal family: having the precedence of the dukes, and all the great officers of the crown. One branch of their office is, to induct all clerks into their benefices within their jurif diction, and by the act of uniformity, they are now obliged to be in priests orders. Many of them have their courts and offi. cials as bishops have. ARCHEOLOGY ('Agxiahojiz of d xa, ancient, and Aay, Gr. fpeech) the ancient way of fpeaking or writing; also a treatife of antiquity. ARCH'NESS, waggishness, dextercufness in management, craft, craftiness. ARCH CHAN'TER, the chief or prefident of the chanters of a church. ARCH CHYMICK, as arch chymick fun, the chief chymift the fun. Milton. ARCH DRUID, the chief or pontiff of the ancient Druids. An ARCH (of arcus, L. a bow) a bending in form of a bent bow. ARCH (in Aftronomy) as the diurnal arch of the fun, is part of a circle parellel to the equator, which is defcribed by the fun in his courfe between rifing and setting. By the common law of England he enjoys the power of the probate of wills and teftaments, and granting letters of adminiftration. And of granting licences and difpenfations in all cafes formerly fued for in the court ARCH of Direction (in Aftronomy) is an of Rome, and not repugnant to the law of arch of the Zodiack, which a planet feems God. He holds feveral courts of judicature, as to pass over, when the motion of it is accordthe court of arches and of audience, the pre-ing to the order of the figns. rogative court, and court of peculiars. The archbishop of York is invefted with the fame power in his province as the archbishop of Canterbury has in his: he has also the title to the fecond degree of peerage, and takes precedence of all dukes not of the blood royal; and all officers of ftate next to the lord chancellor. ARCH DEACON (Apxridiaor©, of dixòs ARCH of Retrogradation (in Aftronomy) is an arch of the Zodiack, defcribed while planet is retrograde, moving contrary to the order of the figns. ARCH of Vision (Aftronomy) is the depth of the fun below the horizon, at which a far begins to rife again, which before was hid in his rays. Similar ARCHES (Geometry) are fuch as contain contain the fame number of degrees of unequal circles. Semicircular ARCHES (ArcbiteƐlure) are those which make an exact femicircle, and have their centre in the middle of the cord of the arch. Sebeme ARCHES (Arcbiecture) arches that are less than a femicircle, and of confequence are flatter, containing 90, 70 or 60 degrees. ARCHES of the third and fourth point (in Architecture) are fuch as confift of two arches of a circle ending in an angle at the top, and are drawn from the divifion of a chord into 3 or 4 parts at pleasure, Eliptical ARCHES (Architect.) confift of a femi-elipfis, and have commonly a key ftone, and chaptrels or impofts, they were formerly much in ufe for mantle trees in chimneys. tico's, cloisters, &c. the Mafter-piece in chimneys, and Hyperthyron over the jambs of doors or lintels of windows. ARCHITRAVE Doors (with Architeɛis) fuch as have an architrave on the jambs and over the door, upon the cup piece, if ftrait, or if the top be curved on the arch. ARCHITRAVE Windows (with Architects) are commonly an ogee raifed out of the folid timber, with a lift over it. ARCHIVAULT (archivolte, F.) the inner contour of an arch; or a frame fet off with mouldings, running over the faces of the arch stones, and bearing upon the impofts. ARCUATI'LE (arculatiks, L.) bowed or bent. ARCUATION (with Gardeners) the railing of trees by layers. Strait ARCHES (Archite&ure) are arches, the upper and under edges of which are ftrait;ing or bending of an arch. as they are curved in others, and alfo thofe two edges parellel, and the ends and joints all pointing to a centre; they are used over windows, doors, &c. ARCU/ATURE (arcuatura, L.) the bow ARCHE' ('Apx", Gr.) the beginning, an entrance. ARCHE (in Medicine) the beginning of a diftemper. ARCHED Legs (with Farriers, &c.) an imperfection in a horfe, when being in his natural pofition he has his legs bent forward, and the whole leg makes a kind of arch or bow. ARCHIALOGY (archialegia, L. of panola, Gr.) a difcourfe or treatife of antiquities. ARCHIGRAPHY (archigraphia, L. of dpxypadla, Gr.) fecretarifhip. ARCH-PRIOR, the mafter of the order of the knights templars. Naval ARCHITECTURE, an art that teaches the conftruction of fhips, galleys, and other floating veffels for the water; with ports, moles, docks, &c. on the fhore. Counterfeit ARCHITECTURE, is that wherein the projectures are painted either with black or white, or coloured after the manner of marble; alfo called fcene work in the painting of columns, &c. that feem to ftand out in relievo, in theatres. ARCHITECTURE (in Perspective) a fort of building, the members of which are of different measures and modules, and diminish in proportion to their diftance, to make the buildings appear longer and larger to the view than it really is. ARCHITRAVE (of exń, Gr. chief, and trabs, L. a beam) that part of a column or order of columns that is above or lies immediately upon the capital. It is the loweft member of the frize, and even of the whole entablature; it is fuppofed to reprefent the principlal beam in timber buildings. It is Sometimes called the Reason-piece, as in por AR'DENTNESS (of ardens, L.) heat; alfo eagerness of defire, warmth of affection. AR'DENTLY (ardement, F. ardenter, L.) with warmth or paffion. AR'DOR, vehemence, fervency, earnest defire. ter in a garden. AREA (with Aftronomers) a circle about the moon and some stars, otherwife called Halo, L. AREA (in Fortification) the fuperficial content of any rampart or other work, To AREAD, to dedicate to, to inform, Milton. ARENA CEOUS (arenaceus. L.) fandy, or like fand. ARE'NARY (arenarius, L.) of or belonging to fand or gravel. ARENA'TION (with Phyficians) a fort of dry bath, when the patient fits with his feet upon hot fand. AREOM/ETER (of anp, the air, and Mg, Gr. to meafure) an inftrument ufually made of fine thin glafs, which having had as much running quickfilver put into it, as will ferve to keep it up-right, is fealed up at the top: fo that the ftem or neck being divided into degrees, the heaviness or lightness of any liquor may be found by the veffels finking more or less into it. ARETOLOGY (of age, virtue, and Aéyw, Gr. to difcourfe) that part of moral philofophy that treats of virtue, its nature, and means of arriving at it. ARGENT' (of argentum, L.) filver, F. AR'GENT alfo fignifies in a woman, chaftity; in a maid, virginity; in judges, justice; and in the rich, humility. ARGENTATION, gilding, &c. with Gilver, L. ARGENTINUS (among the Romans) the deity of filver coin. ARGILLAL To ARGUE, 1. To prove any thing by argument. 2. To debate any queftion; as to argue a caufe. 3. To prove, as an argument. 4. To charge with, as a crime; with of To ARGUE a priori (with Locigians) is to prove effects by the caufes, L. To ARGUE a pofteriori (with Logicians) is to prove caufes by their effects, L. ARGUER (from argue) a reafoner, difputer, a controvertist. a A 2. 3. ARGUMENT (argumentum, L.) 1. reafon alleged for or against any thing. The subject of any difcourfe or writing. The contents of any work fummed up by way of abftract. 4. A controverfy. 5. It has fometimes the particle to before the thing to be proved, but generally for. The best moral argument to patience, in my opinion, is the advantage of patience itself. Tillotson. This, before revelation had enlightened the world, was the very best argument for a future state. Atterbury's Sermons. 6. (in Aftronomy) an arch by which we feek another unknown arch, proportional to the first. Chambers. AR'GUMENT (with Painters, &c.) the perfons reprefented in a landfkip, in contradiction to the country or profpect. ARGUMENTAL (from argument) belonging to argument, reasoning. ARGUMENTATION (from argument) reafoning; the act of reafoning. Argumentation is that operation of the mind, whereby we infer one propofition from two or more propofitions premifed. Or it is the drawing a conclufion, which before was unknown, or doubtful, from fome propofitions more known and evident; fo when we have judged that matter cannot think, and that the mind of man doth think, we conclude, that therefore the mind of man is not matter. Watts's Logick. ARGUMENTATIVE (from argument) confifting of argument, containing argument. ARGUMENTATIVENESS of argumentari, L.) convincingness by way of argu. ment. ARGUMENTATIVELY (of argumentum, L.) by way of argument. ARGUTATION (from argue, L.) a proving by argument; a difputing for and against. ARGUTE (arguto, Ital. argutus, L.) 1. Subtile, witty, fharp. 2. Shrill. ARID (aridus, L.) dry, parched up. ARIDITY (from arid) 1. Drynefs. 2. Siccity. Salt taken in great quantities will reduce an animal body to the greatest extremity of aridity, of dryness. Arbuth. on Aliments. ARICUS, having a head full of eyes (Hie roglyphically) reprefents, this great world, because the eyes of our creator are every where, and of all things do, as it were, take notice, and are witnefles of our behaviour. ARGYRITIS (o dvygirię, Gr.) the fcum or foam which rifes from filver or lead, that is mixt with filver in the refining furnace. ARGYROLY THOS (of up, filver, and xí, a ftone) talk, a fort of mineral ftone. ARGYROPE'A (of ágyúgies, and west, Gr. to make the art of making filver. A'R ANISM, the principles and doctrines of Arius, a heretick in the beginning of the fourth century; he taught that Chrift or the fon, was not God confubftantial with the fa ther; but the first of created beings, &c. A'RIES, a ram, L. ARIES (in Aftronomy) the firft fign of the zodiack, which the fun enters in the beginning of March; it is defcribed on globes by the figure of a ram, and is a conftellation of 19 ftars, and is commonly expreffed by this character r. To ARIETATE (of arietatum. L.) to push or butt like a ram. ARIGHT (from a and right) 1. Rightly, without mental error. 2. Rightly, without crime. 3. Rightly, without failing of the end defigned. To ARISE, arofe, arifen; (from a and rife) 1. To mount upwards, as the Sun. 2. To get up, as from fleep, or from rest. 3. To come into view, as from obfcurity. 4. To revive from death. To proceed, or have its original. 6. To enter upon a new station. 7. To commence hoftility. For the various fenfes of this word, fee rift. ARISTIFEROUS (ariftifer, L.) bearing ears of corn. ARISTOCRATICALNESS (of arifto. cratique, F. ariftocraticus, L. of apicongalinis, of as the best, and xpal, dominion, Gr.) the being aristocratical, or governed by the nobility. ARISTOTELIAN, of or pertaining to Ariftotle. ARISTOTE LIANISM, Ariftotle's philofophy, or the dogma's and opinions of that philofopher, which are contained in his four books De Coelo, and his eight books of Phyficks. ARISTOTELIANS, a fect of philofophers following Ariftotle; otherwife called Peripateticks. ARITHMETICK (ars arithmetica, L of aμlinn, Gr.) a fcience which teaches the art of counting by number, and fhews all the powers and properties of numbers, &c. Theorical ARITHMETICK, is the science of the properties, relations, &c. of numbers confidered abstractly, with the reasons and denominations of the feveral rules. Practical Practical ARITHMETICK, is the art of computing; that is, from certain numbers given of finding certain others, whose relation to the former is known. Inftrumental ARITHMETICK, is that where the common rules are performed by the means of inftruments contrived for cafe and difpatch, as Nepiers Bones, &c. Logarithmetical ARITHMETICK, is that which is performed by tables of loga. rithms. Numerous ARITHMETICK, is that which gives the calculus of numbers, or i determinate quantities, by the common numeral quantities. Specious ARITHMETICK, is that which gives the calculus of quantities, by using letters of the alphabet instead of figures. Decadal ARITHMETICK is that which is performed by a series of ten characters, fo that the progreffion is from ten to ten. Dyadic ARITHMETICK, is that where only two figures and o are used. Tetradic ARITHMETICK, is that wherein only the figures 1, 2, 3, are used. Vulgar ARITHMETICK, is that which is converfant about integers and vulgar fractions. Sexagefimal ARITHMETICK, is that which proceeds by fixties, or the doctrine of fexagefimal fractions, Decimal ARITHMETICK, is the doctrine of decimal fractions. Political ARITHMETICK, is the applying of arithmetick to political fubjects, as the ftrength and revenues of kings, births, burials, the number of inhabitants, &c. ARITHMETICK of infinites, is the method of fumming up a feries of numbers, confifting of infinite terms, or of finding the ratio's thereof. ARM (eaɲm, eorm, Sax.) 1. The limb that reaches from the hand to the fhoulder. 2. The bough of a tree. 3. An inlet of water from the fea. 4. Power; might. In this fenfe is used the fecular arm, &c. To ARM (armo, L.) 1. To furnish with armour of defence, or weapons of offence. 2. To plate with any thing that may add ftrength, 3. To furnish; to fit up; as to arm a loadftone, is to cafe it with iron. To ARM, 1. To take arms. 2. To provide against. ARMADA (Span. a fleet of war) an armament for fea; a fleet of war. It is frequently erroneously fpeit armado. ARM (with Gardeners) is used for a branch, in fpeaking of cucumbers, melons, &c. To ARM (in the Manage) is faid of a horfe when he endeavours to defend himself against the bit, to prevent obeying or being checked by it. ARM (with Geographers) a branch of a sea or river. ARMAMENTARY (armamentarium, L.) an armory, magazine, arfenal. ARMATURE (armatura, L.) armour, fomething to defend the body from hurt. ARMED (in Heraldry) is ufed in refpect of beafts and birds of prey, when their teeth, horns, feet, beak, talons, or tufks, are of a different colour from the reft; as he bears a cock, or a falcon armed, Or. ARMENTAL 2 (armentalis, or armen. ARMENTINE Stinus, L.) belonging to a drove or herd of cattle. ARMENTOSE (armentofus, L.) abounding with cattle. ARMI'GEROUS (armiger, L.) a bearing arms or weapons. ARMILLAR (armillaris, L.) of or like a hoop or ring. ARMILLARY Sphere, is when the greater and leffer circles of the sphere being made of brafs, wood, pafte-board, c. are put together in their natural order, and placed in a frame, fo as to represent the true pofition and motion of thofe circles. ARMILLATED (armillatus, L.) wearing bracelets. ARMIPOTENCË (armipotentia, L.) puisfance at arms. ARMLET, a little arm, as of the fea, AR'MOMANCY (of armus, L. a fhoulder, and masia, Gr. divination) divination by fhoulders of beafts. a fort of volatile falt, of which there are ARMONIACK AMMONIACK two forts, ancient and modern. Volatile Salt ARMONIACK, is made by fubliming it with falt of tartar. Flowers of Sal ARMONIACK, are made of it with fea falt decrepitated. AR'MORIST (with Heralds) a perfon well skilled in the knowledge of armory or coats of arms. Coat AR'MOUR, there being as it were, a kind of fympathy between the arms and the perfons to whom they belong, he who ufes or bears the arms of any perfon, that do not of right belong to him, feems to affront the perfon of the bearer. } ARMOR (in Law) any thing that ARMOURS a man either wears for his defence, or that he takes into his hand in his fury or rage to frike or throw at another. The AR'MOURERS were incorporated in the beginning of the regin of Henry VI. the king himfelf being pleased to be free of their company, their arms argent on a chevron gules, a gantlet between four fwords in faltire, on a chief fable a buckler argent, charged with a crofs gules, betwixt two helmets of the firft. Their creft is a man demi-armed at all points, furmounting G a torce á torce and helmet. Their motto, Make all t fure. ARRANGEMENT (from arrange) the act of putting in proper order; the state of ARMOURY, a branch of heraldry, be-being put in order. ing the knowledge of coat armour, as to their blazons and various intendment. ARMS {of Courtely thofe arms ancient Parade Sly used in jufts and tournaments, as fwords without either edge or point, and fometimes wooden fwords, and alfo canes; lances not thod, &c. Pafs of ARMS (among the ancient Cavaliers) a kind of combat fo named. ARMS (in Heraldry) fo named becaufe they are borne chiefly on the buckler, cuirafs, banners, &c. are ufed for marks of dignity and honour, being compofed regularly of certain figures and colours given or authorized by fovereign princes to be borne in coats, fhields, banners, &c. for the diftinction of perfons, families and ftates. Charged ARMS (in Heraldry) are fuch as retain their ancient integrity, with the addition of some new honourable charge or bearing. Intire (in Heraldry) are fuch Full as retain their primitive purity, integrity, and value, without any alterations, diminutions or abatements. ARMS (in Vocal ARMS (in Heraldry) fuch wherein the figures bear an allufion to the name of the family. AROMATICAL (from aromatick) spicy, fragrant, high fcented. AROMATICK (from aroma, L fpice) 1. Spicy. 2. Fragrant, strong scented. AROMATICKS, fpices. AROMATIZATION (from aromatize) The mingling of a due proportion of aromatick fpices or drugs with any medicine. To AROMATIZE (from Aroma, L. fpice.) 1. To fcent with fpices; to impregnate with spices. 2. To fcent; to perfume. AROSE, the preter tenfe of the verb arife. See arife. AROUND (from a and round.) 1. In a circle. 2. On every fide. AROUND, about. To AROUSE (from a and reuse) 1. To wake from fleep. 2. To raife up; to excite. AROW (from a and row) in a row; with the breafts all bearing against the fame line; and twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow. Dryden To ARRAIGN (arranger, F. to fet in order.) 1. Tó fet a thing in order, or in its place. One is faid to arraign a writ in a county, that fits it for trial before the justices of the circuit; a prifoner is faid to be arraigned, where he is indicted and brought forth to his trial. Corvel, 2. To accufe; to charge with faults in general, as in controversy; in a fatire. 3. It has for before the fault. ARRAIGNMENT (from arraign) the act of arraigning; an accufation; a charge. To ARRANGE (arranger, F.) to put in the proper order for any purpose. | | To ARRA'Y a Pannel (Law Phrafe) is to rank, order, or fet forth a jury empan nelled upon a caufe To quafh an ARRAY (Law Phrafe) is to fet afide the pannel of the jury. Commiffioners of ARRAY (of arraiatores, F.) certain officers, whose business it is to take care of the arms of the foldiery, and to fee that they are duly accoutered. ARREAR'ANCES (of arriere, F. behind) are the remainders of any rents or monies unpaid at the due time; the remainders of a debt or reckoning. in ARREAR'AGES (in Law) is the remainder of an account or a fum of money the hands of an accountant. Saving the ARREN'TATIONS (Lew Phrafe) fignifies the referving a power to grant licences to one, who owns land in a foreft, to inclofe them with a low hedge, and a little ditch, paying an annual rent. Foreft Law. ARREST (from arrefter, F. to stop.) 1. In law. A ftop or stay; as, a man appre hended for debt, is faid to be arrested. To plead in arreft of judgment, is to fhew caufe why judgment fhould be ftayed, tho' the verdict of the twelve be paffed. To plead in arreft of taking the inqueft upon the former iffue, is to fhew caufe why an inqueft should not be taken. An arreft is a certain restraint of a man's perfon, depriving him of his own will, and binding it to become obedient to the will of the land, and may be called the beginning of imprisonment. 2. Any cap. tion. 3. A ftop. Corvel. To ARREST (from arrefter, F. to stop.) 1. To feize by a mandate from an officer or court of justice, fee arreft. 2. To feize any thing by law. 3. To feize; to lay hands on. 4. To with-hold; to hinder. 5. To stop motion. ARRE'STS (with Farriers) mangey hu mours upon the finews of the hinder legs of a horfe between the ham and the pastern. ARRETED (arrectatus, low Latin) he that is convened before a judge, and charged with a crime. It is ufed fometimes for imputed or laid unto, as, no folly may be ar reted to one under age. To ARRIDE (arrideo, L.) to laugh at. 2. To fmile; to look pleafantly upon one. ARRIERE/BAN (in the French Cufoms) is a general proclamation, whereby the king fummons to the wars all that hold of him; both his own vaffals, i. e. the Noblesse, or nobility, and their vaffals. ARRIER Vafal or Tenant, the vassal or tenant of another vaffal or tenant. ARRIERE FEE, a fee dependent on fomé other inferior fee. |