orfgildt, ». [AS. *orfgild, <orf, cattle, + gild, a payment.] In Saxon law, a restitution made by the county or hundred for any wrong that was done by one that was in plegio, or bound by the engagement called frank-pledge; specifically, a payment for or restoring of property taken away. orfraist, orfrayst, . [Also orfreys, and in later form as sing. (from orfrays regarded as a plural) *orfray, orphrey, orfrey, orfroi, etc.; ME. orfrayes, orfare, < OF. orfrais, orfraiz, or= Pr. aurfres = freis, orfrois, F. orfroi : ÓSp. orofres, ML. *auriphrygia, aurifrigia, aurifrygium, also, after OF., aurifrisia, aurifrasius, etc., also auriphrygiatus: see auriphrygia, auriphrygiate.] 1. Embroidered work. Of orfrays fresh was hir gerlond. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 869. And als clere golde hir brydill it schone; Thomas of Ersseldoune (Child's Ballads, I. 99). 2. Same as orphrey, 2. And the Orfrayes sett fulle of gret Perl and precious Stones, fulle nobely wroughte. Mandeville, Travels, p. 233. orfrayt, n. [< OF. orfraye, a corrupt form of offraye, ophraye, for *osfraye, an osprey, < L. ossifragus, osprey: see osprey, ossifrage.] Same as osprey. Moreouer, these orfraies, or ospreies (the Haliartos), are not thought to be a severall kind of ægles by themselves, but to be mungrels, and engendred of divers sorts. And their young aspraies bee counted a kind of ossifragi. Holland, tr. of Pliny, x. 3. orfrayst, orfreyst, n. See orfrais. orgal (or'gal), n. Same as argoll. orgamentt, orgamyt, n. [Corrupt forms of organy2, Origanum.] Same as origan. = = = organ1 (ôr'gan), n. [< ME. organ, orgon, < AS. organe, f., or organa, m., a musical instrument, organ, m., a song, canticle (e. g., the paternoster); ME. also orgle D. orgel MLG. organ, orgen, orgel = OHG. organā, orginā, orgelā, orgla, MHG. orgene, orgen, orgele, orgel, G. orgel: Icel. organSw. Dan. orgel OF. orgene, orgre, orgue, F. orgue = Pr. orgue Sp. órgano Pg. orgão It. organo, an organ (wind-instrument); =D. orgaan G. Sw. Dan. organ OF. organe, orguan, orgue, F. organe Sp. organo Pg. orgão It. organo, an instrument or organ (as of speech, etc.), < L. organum, < Gr. õpyavov, an instrument, implement, tool, also an organ of sense or apprehension, an organ of the body, also a musical instrument, an organ, <*Eрyev, work: see work.] 1. An instrument or means; that which performs some office, duty, or function; that by which some action is performed or end accomplished. His be the praise that this atchiev'ment wrought, My lord, I will be ruled; Shak., Hamlet, iv. 7. 71. Fortune, as an organ of virtue and merit, deserveth the consideration. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 324. 2. A medium, instrument, or means of communication between one person or body of persons and another; a medium of conveying certain opinions: as, a secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; an official gazette is the organ of a government; hence, specifically, a newspaper which serves as the mouthpiece of a particular party, faction, cause, denomination, or person: as, a Republican organ; a party organ. I wish to notice some objections . . . which have been lately urged... in the columns of the London "Leader,' the able organ of a very respectable and influential class in England. W. Phillips, Speeches, etc., p. 98. 3. In biol., one of the parts or members of an organized body, as an animal or a plant, which has some specific function, by means of which some vital activity is manifested or some vital process is carried on: as, the organs of digestion, circulation, respiration, reproduction, locomotion; the organ of vision or of hearing; the vocal organs. It is just so high as it is, and moves with its own organs. Shak., A. and C., ii. 7. 49. What is agreeable to some is not to others; what touches smoothly my organ may grate upon yours. Gentleman Instructed, p. 367. (Davies.) 4. The vocal organs collectively; the voice: now rare except in a somewhat technical or cant application with reference to the musical use of the voice. Thy small pipe Shak., T. N., i. 4. 33. Is as the maiden's organ, shrill and sound. 261 4149 5. In phren., any part of the brain supposed to have a particular office or function in determining the character of the individual, and to be indicated by one of the areas of cerebral surface recognized by phrenologists: as, the organ of acquisitiveness, of alimentiveness, of inhabitiveness, etc.-6. The largest, the most complicated, and the noblest of musical instruments, consisting of one or many sets of pipes sounded by means of compressed air, the whole instrument being under the control of a single player; a pipe-organ, as distinguished from a reed-organ. Historically, the principle of sounding a pipe pneumatically has been known from the earliest times. The combination of pipes or whistles into graduated series, so as to produce the tones of some sort of scale, appears in the primitive Pan's-pipe and in the Chinese cheng, both of which are blown by the breath, the latter being perhaps m b Section of a Two-manual Organ. h a, reservoir-bellows; a1, feeders; b, wind-trunks; c, wind-boxes; d, wind-chests or sound-boards; e, pallet-box, containing key-valves; f, upper boards, forming top of wind-chest:1, rack-boards, which support pipes; g, wood pipes; g1, metal flue-pipes; g2, reed-pipes; g3, front pipes, ornamental; h, swell-box, broken out to show interior; 1, swell-shade or shutter, which opens or closes front of swell-box; ? case, front-pipe groove-board; 7, bench; m, pedal-keys; m1, pedal coupler-mechanism; 2, manual keys and coupler-mechanism; o, stickers, wooden rods which transmit motion from keys by thrust; , squares, which transmit motion after manner of a bell-crank to pass corners; g, trackers, which transmit motion by tension; r, roller-boards, which support rollers; 1, rollers, which are equivalents of rock-shaft; s, key-pallets, which control supply of wind to pipes; 7, draw-stop valves and mechanism; 4, swell-pedal, which controls swell-shades; v, combination-pedals, which move a group of stops by a single impulse of the foot; w, tremulant. the actual prototype of the modern organ. Instruments of this general class seem to have been used in Europe from the first Christian centuries, having some apparatus for furnishing compressed air and a set of pipes the sounding of which was variously controlled. Soon after the tenth century great improvements were made, affecting every part of the mechanism. The process of mechanical development has been continuous ever since, and is still going on. The original impetus to this steady progress is due to the fact that the pipe-organ has been recognized ever since the fourth or fifth century as preeminently the church musical instrument. Until the sixteenth century no other instrument commanded the careful study of educated musicians. Its application to purely concert uses is comparatively recent. The modern pipe-organ consists essentially of three mechanical systems: the wind-supply, the compressed air used being technically called wind; the pipework, including the entire sound-producing apparatus; and the action, the mechanism by which the player controls the whole. The wind-supply includes two or more feeders, oblique bellows which are operated either by hand or by a water, gas, steam, or electric motor or engine; a storage-bellows, horizontal bellows into which the feeders open, and in which the air is kept at a uniform pressure by means of weights; wind-trunks, distributing the compressed air to the sev eral parts of the instrument; and wind-chests, boxes directly under the pipes, in which are the valves for admitally certain solo pipes are supplied with air from a special ting the air to particular pipes or sets of pipes. Occasionstorage-bellows in which the tension is made greater by extra weights; such pipes are said to be on extra or heavy kinds of pipes, made either of metal or of wood, arranged wind. The pipework includes a great variety of different in sets called stops or registers, at least one pipe being usually provided in each set for each digital of the keyboard. In general, all pipes are either flue-pipes, which are either open at the upper end or plugged, or reed-pipes, the former producing tones through the impact of a stream of air upon and the latter producing tones by the vibration of a tongue the sharp edge or lip of a mouth in the side of the pipe, or reed placed over or in an orifice through which the air passes. (See pipe.) The pipes in a given set or stop are alike, except in size and pitch. The four principal qualities of tone produced are the true organ-tone, given by open metal flue-pipes of broad scale; the flute-tone, given by stopped wooden flue-pipes; the string-tone, given by open metal flue-pipes of narrow scale; and the reed-tone, given by reed-pipes of various shape and material. A stop organ whose tones correspond exactly with the normal pitch of the digitals with which the several pipes are connected is called an eight-feet stop; one whose tones are uniformly an octave lower is called a sixteen-feet stop; while those whose tones are uniformly one or two octaves higher are called four-feet and two feet stops respectively. Stops whose tones are different from the normal pitch of the digitals used, or from their upper or lower octaves, are called mutation-stops, in distinction from the above foundation-stops. Stops that have more than one pipe to the digital are called mixturestops or mixtures. It is customary to group together several stops of different construction, tone-quality, and pitch upon a single wind-chest, and such a group of stops constitutes a partial organ. Usually from two to five such groups of stops or partial organs are introduced, such as the great organ, the chief and most sonorous of all; the swell-organ, so called because shut up in a tight box one side of which consists of shutters which may be opened or shut so as to let out or muffle the sound; the choir-organ, specially intended for accompanying either voices or other stops of the organ itself; the solo-organ, providing stops of very conspicuous power and individuality; and the pedal organ, including deep-toned stops played from a keyboard for the feet, and supplying the fundamental tones of the harmony. The number, order, power, and quality of the stops placed in these several partial organs vary widely, Each is complete in itself, having its own wind-chest and keyboard, so that it can be used independently of the others; but by means of couplers any pair may be played conjointly from a single keyboard. (See coupler.) The action includes one keyboard for each partial organ, a stop-knob for each stop, a knob or piston for each coupler, a swellpedal, combination pedals, etc. Keyboards for the hands are called manuals, and those for the feet pedals, each being made up of the usual white and black digitals or keys. The manuals usually have a compass of nearly or about five octaves, beginning on the second C below middle C, while the pedals have about half this compass, beginning an octave lower. The manuals are placed above each other in a desk-like case; when there are two, the lower belongs to the great organ, and the upper to the swell-organ; when there are three, the lowest belongs to the choir-organ. The stop knobs, bearing the names of the stops, are placed on both sides of the manuals, and are grouped according to the partial organs to which they belong. When a stop is to be used, its knob is pulled forward, or "drawn." Frequently combination pedals or pistons are provided, by which several knobs may be drawn or retired at once. Sometimes, also, a crescendo pedal is introduced, by which the entire resources of the instrument may be gradually called into action. The keyboards may be combined in various ways by means of couplers. The digitals of the keyboards are connected with the valves in the wind-chests by a complicated series of stickers, squares, rollers, trackers, etc., which are almost entirely made of wood. In large organs the friction of the key-action is so great that a pneumatic or electric action is employed, in which the digitals merely make connections so that compressed air or electricity may do the work. The stop-knobs are connected with the wind-chests by similar systems of levers, rods, squares, etc., which are also often pneumatically or electrically manipulated. When a digital on one of the keyboards is depressed, a valve is opened from the wind-chest belonging to that keyboard, admitting the compressed air to a groove or channel over which stand all the pipes belonging to the digital: only those pipes, however, are sounded that belong to the stops whose stop-knobs happen to be drawn. The opening and closing of the shutters of the swell-box is manipulated through a special swell-pedal. Various other mechanical accessories are often added, such as the tremulant, a device by which an oscillating tension is given to the air in one of the wind-trunks, the pedalcheck, the bellows-signal, etc. The history of organ music until the sixteenth century was coincident with that of vocal music, for which it merely afforded a basis; but since that time it has had a remarkable independent development, particularly in the works of J. S. Bach. The organ has been much used in conjunction with choral music to enhance broad harmonic effects; and lately it has been also applied to the elaborate imitation of orchestral music. It remains the distinctively church instrument, although it is often found in concert-halls and in operahouses. Formerly the instrument was often spoken of as a pair of organs, or simply organs. His vois was merier than the merye orgon The cheife Church of this citty is curiously carved within and without, furnished with a paire of organs, and a most magnificent font, all of copper. Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 17, 1641. In 1501 the complete expression is met with, "one peyre of orgynys"; and it continued in use up to the time of Pepys, who wrote his "Diary" in the second half of the 17th century. Grove, Dict. Music, II. 587. 7. One of the independent groups of stops of which a pipe-organ is made up; a partial organ, such as the great organ, the swell-organ, etc., organ.-9. Some other musical instrument, as described above.-8. A harmonium or reeda pipe or harp. There is much music, excellent voice, in this little organ [a recorder], yet cannot you make it speak. 'Sblood! do you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe? Shak., Hamlet, fii. 2. 385. Accessory genital organs. See genital.-American organ. See reed-organ.-A pair of organs. See def. 6, organ. See cabinet.-Chair organ. See chair-organ. and pair1, 5.-Barrel organ. Seebarrel-organ.-Cabinet Choir organ. See choir-organ. Cibarial, cup-shaped, Cuvierian organs. See the adjectives.- Cortían organ. See organ of Corti.-Echo-organ, one of the partial organs of a large pipe-organ: so called because it is placed at a distance from the main part of the instrument, and is used for echo-like effects. Its action is almost always electric. Electric organ. (a) The apparatus by means of which an electric fish (ray, eel, or catfish) gives a shock. (b) A organ pipe-organ the action of which is manipulated with the help of electricity.- Enharmonic, euharmonic organ. See the adjectives.-Expressive organ, either a harmonium (see reed-organ), or the same as swell-organ.— Full organ, in organ-playing, the entire power of the instrument.-Grand organ. Same as full organ or great organ.— Great organ, the principal partial organ of a pipeorgan, its keyboard, wind-chest, and pipes being central with reference to the others. -Hand organ. See hand organ.- Hydraulic organ, a pipe-organ the supply of compressed air for which is gathered by means of some hydraulic device. The term is especially applied to the organs of the ancient Romans, of the construction of which little is known in this sense sometimes loosely used as opposed to pneumatic organ. -Intertentacular organ of Farre, intromittent organ. See the adjectives. Jacobson's organ, a cul-de-sac or diverticular canal in the lower part of the nasal cavity of most vertebrates, shut off from the nasal fossa, but communicating with the buccal cavity by the ducts of Stenson. Its walls are variously branched, bearing branches of the olfactory nerve.-Leydigian organs. See Leydigian.- Metamorphosis of organs. See metamorphosis.- Mouth organ. See mouthorgan.-Organ coral. See coral.- Organ music, music written for the organ or performed on the organ.-Organ of Bojanus, the renal organ or nephridium of mollusks. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 478. See cuts under Lamellibranchiata.- Organ of Corti, an epithelial structure on the floor of the cochlear canal of maminals, which appears to be the means by which sound-vibrations produce nervous impulses in the cochlear nerve. It consists of a peculiar modification of the lining epithelium of the basilar membrane within the membranous cochlea, the chief structural elements of which are the rods of Corti and the hair-cells. The rods of Corti are long, narrow, rigid columnar cells, rising from a conical base and arranged in an inner and an outer row; they incline toward each other and interlock by their heads, forming thus the arch of Corti. Adjoining the inner acoustic rods there is a single row, and externally to the outer rods four to six (in man) rows of acoustic hair-cells; these are long columns, inclined with the rods, attached to the basilar membrane, and terminating in a rounded extremity furnished with a curved row of short, stiff, terminal, hair-like filaments. The outer haircells are covered by the reticular membrane. The whole organ, finally, is covered by the tectorial membrane.-Organ of Giraldès, a functionless remnant or vestige of the Wolffian body of the male, connected with the vas aberrans and consisting of a number of convoluted tubules embedded in cellular tissue close to the head of the epididymis; the parepididymis. - Organ of Rosenmüller, a functionless remnant or vestige of the Wolffian body of the female; the parovarium.-Organ school, either a school where the art of organ-playing is taught, or an instruction-book for organ-players.-Organs of the lateral line, in ichth. See mucous canals, under mucous. Organ tablature, tablature intended for the recording of organ music. See tablature.-- Organ tone, a quality of musical tone which is characteristic of the pipe-organ; such a tone as is given by the stop in a pipe-organ called the open diapason. — Palpal organs. See palpal.Parlor-organ. See reed-organ.- Partial organ, one of the distinct groups of stops into which a pipe-organ is divided, having its own wind-chest and its own keyboard. See def. 6. Pedal organ. See def. 6 and pedal.-Pipeorgan, an organ with pipes; a church organ: opposed to reed-organ. See def. 6.-Pneumatic organ, an organ the action of which is manipulated by means of pneumatic contrivances. See hydraulic organ, above. - Portative organ, an organ that can be carried about from place to place: first used to describe small pipe-organs, but now applied mostly to reed-organs.-Positive organ. (a) A pipe-organ that is fixed or stationary: opposed to portative organ. (b) Same as choir-organ.- Reed organ. See reedorgan.-Sars's organ, a little ciliated patch on the arm of the lophophore of some polyzoans.-Solo-organ, one of the partial organs of a large pipe-organ. - Swell-organ, one of the partial organs of a pipe-organ. organ1 (ôr'gan), v. t. [Cf. AS. organian, orgnian, sing to the accompaniment of a musical instrument; organ1, n.] To furnish with organs; organize. Bp. Manningham. [Rare.] organ2+ (or'gan), n. [A contracted form of origan. Cf. organy.] Same as origan. A good wife once a bed of organs set; The pigs came in, and eat up every whit; The good man said, Wife, you your garden may Hog's-Norton call; here pigs on organs play. Wits' Recreations, p. 85. (Nares.) organ-albumin (ôrʼgan-al-bü'min), n. The albumin which constitutes a part of the solid tissues. organ-bench (ôr'gan-bench), n. The wooden bench or seat on which an organ-player sits. organ-blower (ôr'gan-blō er), n. One who blows the bellows of an organ; also, a motor or engine for blowing an organ. organ-builder (or'gan-bilder), n. One whose occupation is the construction of pipe-organs. organdie, organdy (ôrʼgan-di), n. [<F. organdi, book-muslin.] A muslin of great fineness and translucency, used for women's dresses. It is sold both plain and figured with printed flowers, etc. organert (ôr'gan-ér), n. [ME., < organ1 +-er1.] An organist. organ-fish (ôrʼgan-fish), n. A drumfish of the genus Pogonias. organ-grinder (ôr'gan-grindėr), n. Of her attention gain'd, with serpent-tongue Organic, or impulse of vocal air, His fraudulent temptation thus began. Milton, P. L., ix. 530. The animal system is not organic merely to feeling of the kind just spoken of as receptive, to impressions, according to the natural meaning of that term, conveyed by the nerves of the several senses. It is organic also to wants, and to impulses for the satisfaction of those wants. T. H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, § 85. 2. Pertaining to or characteristic of an organ or the organs of animals and plants. In the knowledge of organic functions, how full soever it may be, we shall not find the adequate explanation of social phenomena. Maudsley, Body and Will, p. 189. When the mind is cheered by happy thoughts, the organic processes are promoted. J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol., p. 472. 3. Pertaining to objects that have organs; hence, pertaining to the animal and vegetable worlds; resulting from, or exhibiting characteristies peculiar to, animal or vegetable life and structure; organized. See inorganic. The term organic, as applied to any substance, in no way relates to the presence or absence of life. The materials which compose the living body are of course organic in the main, but they are equally so after death has occurred at any rate for a certain time and some of them continue to be so for an indefinite period after life has departed. Sugar, for example, is an organic product; but in itself it is of course dead, and it retains its stability after the organism which produced it has lost all vitality. II. A. Nicholson. 4. In chem., formerly used in the same sense as 3 (see also quotation under 3), but at present denoting any compound substance or radical containing carbon. See chemistry and inorganic.-5. Forming a whole with a systematic arrangement or coordination of parts; organized; also, systematized; systematic. No organic law can ever be framed with a provision specifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration. Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 117. Christianity stands in organic connection with the Old Testament religion, both being parts of a gradually developing system. G. P. Fisher, Begin. of Christianity, p. 5. Every drama represents in organic sequence the five stages of which a complete action consists and which are essential to it. A. W. Ward, Eng. Dram. Lit., Int., p. xi. Intelligence is not only organic, but it stands at the apex of organization. J. Watson, Schelling's Transcendental Idealism, p. 139. 6. In philol., depending on or determined by structure; not secondary or fortuitous.-7. Organizing; constituting; formative; consti tutive. organist II. n. The science of the instruments of thought, such as induction, syllogism, and the like. A system of logical precepts consists of two parts, the matic and organick.... The other [the second] converses about the organs themselves with which the understanding entreats of themes, and according to its capacity attains to the knowledge of them. Burgersdicius, tr. by a Gentleman. organical (ôr-ganʼi-kal), a. [< organic + al.] Same as organic. organically (ôr-gan'i-kal-i), adv. In an organie manner; by or with organs; with reference to organic structure or disposition of parts; by or through organization. organicalness (ôr-ganʼi-kal-nes), n. The state of being organic. organicism (ôr-ganʼi-sizm), n. [< organic + -ism.] In pathol., the doctrine of the localization of disease; the theory which refers all disease to material lesions of organs. organiet, n. organific (ôr-ga-nif'ik), a. [L. organum, orSee organy1, organy2. gan, + -ficus, making: see -fic.] Forming or gans or an organized structure; constituting an organism; formative; acting through or resulting from organs. Coleridge. organifier (ôr-ganʼi-fi-ér), n. [< organify + er1.] In collodion dry-plate photographic processes, a weak solution, generally five to ten grains to the ounce of water, of organic matter, such as gelatin, albumen, coffee, gum arabic, or morphia, used to organify the sensitized plate. See organify. Some again employ an organifier of tannin. Silver Sunbeam, p. 576. organify (ôr-gan'i-fi), v. t.; pret. and pp. organified, ppr. organifying. [? L. organum, organ, ficare, make: see -fy.] In photog., to add organic matter to; impregnate with or ganic matter: said of a dry plate prepared according to one of the old collodion processes. The plate, after sensitization in the silver-bath, was washed to remove the free silver, and then flowed with the or ganifier or preservative, the object of which was at once to hold open the pores of the collodion, to improve the keep ing qualities of the plate, and to increase its sensitiveness. See organifier. The plate is not to be exposed immediately after it is organified. Workshop Receipts, 1st ser., p. 264. organisability, organisation, etc. See organizability, etc. organisata (ôrgan-i-sa'tä), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. of organisatus, organizatus, organized: see organizate.] Those things which are organized, as animals and plants; any or all organisms. De Jussieu. = organism (ôrʼgan-izm), n. [= F. organisme = Sp. Pg. It. organismo G. organismus, NL. organismus; as organ1 + -ism.] 1. Organic structure; organization. [Rare.] Suffrage and proper organism combined are sufficient to counteract the tendency of government to oppression and abuse of power. Calhoun, Works, I. 26. 2. A body exhibiting organization and organic life; a member of the animal or vegetable kingdom; an individual composed of a number of essential and mutually dependent parts, all of which partake of a common life. Every organism has not only an inherited and gradually modified structure which is one of the determinants of its history, it has also a history of incident, that is on tran along divergent paths, and determine them to different sient conditions, which may lead two similar organisms manifestations. G. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. ii. § 56. Germs of microscopic organisms exist abundantly en the surface of all fruits. Pasteur, On Fermentation (trans.), p. 99. dependent on a special instrument or organ. Organic 3. Anything that is organized or organic. -Organic body, a body composed of dissimilar parts. + analysis, in chem., the analysis of organic substances; In 1852 Naudin argued for the formation of new species in nature in a similar way to that of varieties under culti vation, further attaching great importance to an assumed "principle of finality," apparently a kind of organismal Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 77. fate. = = tion. Organic molecules. See molecule. Organic organist (ôr'gan-ist), n. [In ME. organister (ormusict, an old name for instrumental music. Organic gonyster); F. organiste Sp. Pg. It. orgaproduct, that in which everything is interchangeably A strollmeans and end. Organic radical, in chem., a group of nista, < ML. organista, one who plays on a musi elements containing carbon, which takes part in chemical cal instrument (ef. organizare, play on a musi by them.- Organic remains, fossil remains of a plant or tent, organ: see organ1.] 1. One who play cal instrument),< L. organum, a musical instruanimal.-Organic theory, an explanation by means of ing musician who "grinds" out music from a barrel-organ. organ-gun (ôr'gan-gun), n. A firearm in which a number of chambers, each containing a charge, are set side by side, like the pipes of an organ. an like an element, not decomposed a hypothesis of development, especially peaceful develop ment, from an inward determination to a determinate end. ically, in modern churches, the regular official on an organ, especially a pipe-organ; specif organist charged with playing the organ and often with Over his keys, the musing organist, 2t. In medieval music, a singer who sang some organity (ôr-gan'i-ti), n. [< organ1 + -ity.] Many put out their force informative Dr. H. More, Psychathanasia, I. ii. 24. organizability (ôr gan-i-za-bil′i-ti), n. [< organizable + -ity: see -bility.] The property of being organizable; capability for organization or for being turned into living tissue: as, the organizability of fibrin. Also spelled organisability. organizable (ôrʼgan-i-za-bl), a. [< organize + -able.] Capable of being organized; susceptible of organization. Also spelled organisable. The superior types of organic substances, ending in organizable protoplasm. H. Spencer, Prin. of Biol. (Amer. ed., 1872), App., p. 483. organizatet, a. [< NL. organizatus, organisatus, pp. of organizare: see organize.] Provided with or acting through organs; organized. Socially, as well as individually, organization is indispensable to growth; beyond a certain point there cannot be further growth without further organization. H. Spencer, Study of Sociol., p. 65. (b) The process of arranging or systematizing; specifically, the process of combining parts into a coordinated whole: as, the organization of an expedition. mand of the warriors whom Cromwell had trained, that in 4151 p. 145. I was of a peculiarly sensitive organization; my nerves zar = = Those nobler faculties of the soul organized matter could 2. In general, to form into a whole consisting In the field where the western abutment of the old 3. In music, to sing or arrange in parts: as, to II. intrans. To assume an organic structure The men organize, and, as Choros of old men, approach with hostile intent, but are worsted in the encounter that Amer. Jour. Philol., VIII. 187. ensues. Also spelled organise. [< organ + ling1.] < organoplastic gans of touch, taste, and smell.-2. Suscepti- ogy. organologic (ôr"gan-o-lojʻik), a. [< organolog-y The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in 4. In music, the science of musical instruments. organometallic (organ-o-me-tal'ik), a. [< or- Organon (ôr'ga-non), n. [ Gr. opravov, an in- Employing all his wits in vain expense, Marston, Scourge of Villanie, viii. 210. O thou great God, ravish my earthly sprite! Peele, David and Bethsabe, st. 15. The organon of Descartes is doubt. Veitch, Introd. to Descartes's Method, p. xxi. I never could detect.. The theory of judicial evidence is constantly misstated Also spelled organiser. organ-ling (ôr'gan-ling), n. Same as orgeis. organ-loft (ôr'gan-lôft), n. The loft or gallery where an organ stands. Also called music-loft. Philosophy, with him [Hegel], lies quite out of the range organochordium (organ-o-kôr' di-um), n. of common sense-which is merely the organization of [NL., < Gr. opyavov, an organ, xopon, a string, sensible experiences. J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 124. chord.] A musical instrument combining the 2. That which is organized; a regularly con- mechanisms of the pianoforte and of the pipestituted whole or aggregate; an organism, or a organ: it was suggested by G. F. Vogler. systematized and regulated whole; any body organogenesis (organ-o-jen'e-sis), n. [NL., which has a definite constitution: often used Gr. opravov, an organ, + yéveσis, origin: see specifically of an organized body of persons, as genesis.] Same as organogeny. a literary society, club, corporation, etc. Such was the intelligence, the gravity, and the self-com- ganogenesis, after genetic.] Same as organogenic. organogenetic (ôr'gan-o-je-net'ik), a. [< ortheir camp a political organization and a religious organi organogenic (organ-o-jenʼik), a. [As organozation could exist without destroying military organization. gen-y-ic.] Pertaining or relating to orgaMacaulay, Hist. Eng., i. nogeny; organogenetic. The body is a healthful and beautiful organization only organogeny (ôr-ga-noj ́e-ni), n. [ Gr. ὄργανον, when the principle of life acts generously through all its organ, + -yéveia, -yevs, producing: see -geny.] parts. Channing, Perfect Life, p. 199. The history of the development of organs of A moribund organization, to which few known writers living bodies, and of the systems and appabelong, and before which dry-as-dust papers are semi-occasionally read. ratus composed of these organs. Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 843. genesis. 3. Organic structure or constitution; arrangeThe development of the flower as a whole, or, as it is ment, disposition, or collocation of interde- termed, the Organogeny of the flower. pendent parts or organs; constitution in genBessey, Botany, p. 426. eral: as, animal organization; the organization organographic (organ-o-graf'ik), a. [< orga. of society; the organization of the church or of nograph-y+-ic.] Pertaining to organography, a legislature. Specifically, the physical constitution of organographical (organ-o-graf'i-kal, a. ab animal or vegetable body or of one of its parts: used organographic + -al.] Same as organographic. absolutely, the physical or mental constitution of a human organographist (ôr-ga-nogʻra-fist), n. [< orbeing: often used with special reference to the as, a fine, delicate, or susceptible organization. as, functions which depend upon such organic activities ganograph-y + -ist.] One who describes the organs of animal or vegetable bodies. The man whose moral organization is under due control organography (ôr-ga-nog'ra-fi), n. [= F. orreflections on mere feeling, but invariably submits it to ganographie, Gr. öpyavov, organ, +-ypapia, Fowler, Shaftesbury and Hutcheson, p. 79. Ypaper, write.] 1. In biol., the study of orThe lowest living things are not, properly speaking, organisms at all; for they have no distinctions of parts-no gans and their relations; a description of the traces of organization. organs of plants and animals; descriptive organology.-2. In music, the scientific description of musical instruments. H. Spencer, Prin. of Biol. (Amer. ed., 1872), App., p. 481. The habits of command formed by a long period of al- organoleptic (ôr" gan-o-lep'tik), a. most universal empire, and by the aristocratic organisa[< Gr. option of the city, contributed to the elevation, and also to the pride, of the national character. γανον, an organ, + ληπτικός < λαμβάνειν, λαβείν, take.] 1. Making an impression on an organ; Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 182. specifically, making an impression on the or In The terms. . . are the names of parts, organ-names, or organonyms, and their consideration constitutes organonymy. Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, VIII. 515. organophonic (ôrʼga-no-fon'ik), a. [<Gr. ŏpyavov, an organ,+ový, voice: see phonic.] music, noting a kind of vocal music in which the tones of various instruments are imitated. organophyly (ôr-ga-nof'i-li), n. [<Gr. ópyavov, an organ, + pin, a tribe.] The tribal history of organs. Haeckel, Evol. of Man (trans.), I. 24. organoplastic (ôr" gan-o-plas'tik), a. [< Gr. opγανον, an organ, + πλαστός, verbal adj. of πλάστ oew, form, mold, + -ic. Cf. plastic.] Possessing the property of producing or evolving the organoplastic tissues of the organs of animals and plants: as, organoplastic cells. organoplasty (ôr'gan-o-plas-ti), n. [< Gr. öpγανον, organ, + πλαστός, verbal adj. of πλάσσειν, form, mold, + -y.] In biol., the origination or development of the tissues of organs in plants and animals. organoscopy (ôr'gan-o-sko-pi), n. [< Gr. öpyavov, organ, + -OKOTÍα, OKOTεiv, view.] Phrenology. organ-piano (ôr'gan-pi-an'o), n. Same as melo piano. organ-pipe (ôr'gan-pip), n. [<ME. organ-pype.] 1. A pipe of a pipe-organ. See pipe. And the thunder, That deep and dreadful organ-pipe, pronounced 2. Figuratively, the throat; the windpipe; hence, the voice.-3. In costume, a large piping; a rounded flute.-Organ-pipe coral. See coral. organ-point (ôr'gan-point), n. In music, a single tone, usually the tonic or the dominant, held or sustained by one of the voice-parts while the other parts progress freely without reference to the sustained tone, except at the beginning and end of the passage. It is a favorite effect in the climaxes of contrapuntal compositions. When an organpoint occurs in any other than the lowest voice, it is said to be inverted. Also pedal-point, pedal harmony, pedal. organ-rest (ôr'gan-rest), n. In her., same as clarion. J. Gibbons. organ-screen (ôr'gan-skren), n. Eccles., an ornamental screen of stone or timber on which a bench. organ-stop (ôr'gan-stop), n. The stop of an organ. See organ1 and stop. organum (ôr'ga-num), n. [L., LL., < Gr. opyavov, an instrument, organ, etc.: see organon, organ1.] 1. Same as organon.-2. In music: (a) An organ. (b) Same as diaphony, 2. organy1t (or'ga-ni), n.; pl. organies (-niz). [Also organie; ME. organye, orgonye, <OF. organie, organ (musical instrument), an extended form of organe, organ: see organ1.] An organ; instrument; means. 4152 Youth and love Of gerlis and of gloria laus gretly me dremed, And how osanna by orgonye olde folke songen. Piers Plowman (B), xviii. 9. organy2+ (or'ga-ni), n. [Also organie; a var. of organ2, origan.] Same as origan. Rosemarie, Basil, Saverie, Organie, Marjoram, Dill, Sage, Baulme, etc. Touchstone of Complexions (1575), p. 66. (Davies.) The storke having a bunch of orgamy Can with much ease the adders sting eschew. Heywood, Troia Britanica (1609). (Nares.) organzine (ôr'gan-zin), n. [< F. organsin, OF. organsin, orgasin Pg. organsim, It. organzino, organzine.] 1. A silk thread made of several singles twisted together; thrown silk. The warp of the best silk textiles is made of it.-2. Silk fabric made of such thread. Cox. = ganzined, ppr. organzining. [organzine, n.] In organzine (ôr'gan-zin), v. i.; pret. and pp. orsilk-making, to twist single threads together, forming thrown silk or organzine. Brande and orgasm (ôr'gazm), n. [=F. orgasme Sp. Pg. It. orgasmo, < Gr. *opyacuós, swelling, excitement, oprav, swell, be excited; cf. ópy, passion, impulse, propension; akin to opeye, stretch after, desire: see orexis.] 1. Immoderate excitement or action. With the ravenous orgasm upon you, it seems impertinent to interpose a religious sentiment. Lamb, Grace before Meat. His friend started at the disordered appearance of the bard [Gray], whose orgasm had disturbed his very air and countenance. I. D'Israeli, Lit. Char., p. 189. 2. In med., a state of excitement in an organ: applied chiefly to the acme of venereal excitement in sexual intercourse. orgastic (ôr-gas'tik), a. Characterized by or exhibiting orgasm; turgid, as an organ. orgeat (ôr'zhat), n. [F. orgeat, orge, < L. hordeum, barley: see Hordeum.] A syrup made from almonds (originally barley), sugar, and orange-flower water. It is much used by confectioners, and medicinally as a mild demulcent and an agreeable vehicle for stronger remedies. orgeis (ôr'jē-is), n. [Origin not ascertained; no obvious connection with organ-ling.] A large kind of ling. Also called organ-ling. orgelt, n. See orgul. orgiastic (ôr-ji-as'tik), a. [< Gr. opytaσTIKóç, of or pertaining to orgies, <opyla, orgies: see orgy.] Pertaining to or characteristic of the orgies or mystic festivities of the ancient Greeks, Phrygians, etc., especially those in honor of Bacchus or of Cybele; characterized by or consisting in wild, unnatural, impure, or cruel revelry; frantically enthusiastic: as, orgiastic rites; orgiastic worship. See orgy1. The religion of the Greeks in the region of Ida as well as at Kyzikus was more orgiastic than the native worship of Greece Proper, just as that of Lampsacus, Priapus, and Parium was more licentious. Grote, Hist. Greece, I. 338. orgic (ôr'jik), a. [< org-y + -ic.] Orgiastic. [Rare.] They [Egyptian pilgrims] landed at every town along the river to perform orgic dances. Encyc. Brit., XIX. 91. orglet, n. [ME.: see organ1.] Same as organ1. orgont, orgonet, n. Middle English forms of organi. orgonyet, n. A Middle English form of organy1. orguinette (ôr-gi-net'), n. [A French-like spelling, organette.] A mechanical musical instrument, consisting of one or more sets of reeds with an exhaust-bellows. The ori fices to the reeds are covered with a movable strip of paper in which holes are cut at intervals, so that, when a crank is turned and the bellows put in operation, the paper is revolved from one roller to another, and the air is admitted to the reeds through the holes. The melodic and harmonic effects depend upon the position and size of the holes. The tone is light and pleasant, and the music produced is often accurate and effective. orgult, orgelt, n. [ME., also orguil, orgel, orhel, pride (cf., in comp., orgel-mod, orgel-pride, pride), partly < AS. orgol (in deriv. orgel-), pride, partly < OF. orgoil, orgoel, orguel, orgueil, F. orgueil: Pr. orguelh, erguelh, orguoil, orgoil, argull Sp. orgullo: Pg. orgulho = It. orgoglio, pride; the Rom. forms prob. of Teut. origin: cf. OHG. urgilo, excessively, oppressively; appar. < or- (= OHG. ur-), out, +-gel, of unknown origin.] Pride. = = = Woreldes richesse wecheth orgel on mannes heorte. Old Eng. Hom., ii. 43, 17. orguloust, a. [Also orgueilous; <ME. orgulous, orgeilous, < OF. orgueilleus, orguillus, orgoillos, orgoillus, F. orgueilleux (= Pr. orguelhos, erguelhos, orgoillos Sp. orgulloso Pg. orgu = = orgyia lhoso It. orgoglioso; cf. AS. orgellic), proud,< orgoil, orgoel, orguel, orgueil, pride: see orgul.] 1. Proud; haughty. Wherto repaired thys cruel geant, In Troy there lies the scene. From isles of Greece 2. Ostentatious; showy. Romance of Rich., quoted by Steevens. (Narex) Swollen; augmented; excessive; hence, threatening; dangerous. 3. But they wyst nat how to passe ye ryuer of Derne, whiche was fell and orgulous at certayne times, and espe cially rather in Somer than in Winter. = Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. cíí. orgulouslyt, adv. [ME., < orgulous + -ly2.] In an orgulous manner; proudly; haughtily. Off a fers behold [with a fierce look], orgulously wrought, Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), L. 3543. orgy (ôr'ji), n.; pl. orgies (-jiz). [<F. orgies= Sp. orgias Pg. orgias It. orgie, L. orgia, pl., < Gr. opyta, pl., secret rites, prob. <*Epyer, do, perform; cf. pyov, work, performance. Connection with opy, passion (see orgasm), is not probable. The singular is not used in L. or Gr., and is rare in mod. use (E. and F.).] 1. Secret rites or ceremonies connected with the worship of some of the deities of classical mythology, as the mysteries of Ceres; particularly, the revels at the festivals in honor of Dionysus or Bacchus, or the festival itself, which was celebrated with boisterous songs and dancing (see bacchante and manad): generally plural in this sense. Pentheus and Orpheus were torn to pieces by the frantic women at his orgies. Bacon, Fable of Dionysus. It would have resembled an orgy to Bacchus. Sir T. Herbert, Travels in Africa, p. 118. (Latham.) Hence-2. A wild or frantic revel; a nocturnal carousal; drunken revelry. Amid the orgies of weary and satiated profligacy arose first a spirit of scoffing, then of savage, vindictive, and ag gressive scepticism. W. R. Greg, Misc. Essays, 2d ser., p. 17. Hired animalisms, vile as those that made The mulberry-faced Dictator's orgies worse Than aught they fable of the quiet Gods. Tennyson, Lucretius. Syn. 2. Revel, Debauch, etc. See carousal. orgyia (ôr-ji'iä), n.; pl. orgyia (-ie). [NL., Gr. opyvia, the length of the outstretched arms, a fathom, <opeye, stretch out: see oreris.] 1. An ancient Greek measure of length, equivalent to about 6 feet. Encyc. Brit., II. 387.-2. [cap.] Agenus of arctiid moths of the restricted family Liparida, the males of which fly by day with a vaporing kind of motion, and hence are called vaporers or vaporer-moths. They are also known as tussock-moths, from the long tufts of hair with which the caterpillars are furnished. The females are incapable of flight, having only rudi mentary wings. In the male the body is slender; the proboscis is short; the palpi are short and very hairy, with the third joint shortest; the antennæ are broadly pectinate; the hind tibise have two short apical spurs, or four long ones; and the wings are broad, extending beyond the end of the abdomen. The larvae are elongate and tuberculate, usually with White-marked Tussock-moth (Orgyia leucostigma). a, wingless female upon her egg-mass; &, newly hatched larva or caterpillar, hanging by a thread; c, mature caterpillar on a leaf; winged male moth; e, male pupa; f, female pupa. (All natural size.) Eya 1810. orgyia two long pencils of hair on the prothoracic and anal segments; they spin a slight cocoon above-ground. The genus is represented in all the Old World countries, and has some North American members. The male of O. antiqua, the common vaporer, is a small brown moth with a white spot on the edge of the fore wings. O. cœnosa is the reed tussock-moth. O. fuscelina is the dark tussock-moth. O. leucostigma, the white-marked tussockmoth, is very troublesome in the streets of many cities of the United States, injuring shade-trees. Ochsenheimer, Oribates (o-rib'a-tez), n. [NL. (Latreille, 1804), <Gr. opeBarns, mountain-ranging, opos, a mountain,+Baivew, go.] A genus of beetlemites, typical of the family Oribatida, having the cephalothorax with lamellar appendages, the vertex with bristly hairs, and the middle claw larger than the others. There are probably many more species than have thus far been determined. 0. ovivorus is a useful mite, which feeds on the eggs of the cankerworm-moth in the United States. Also Orobates. Oribatida (or-i-bat'i-dē), n. pl. [NL.,< Oribates +-ida.] A family of tracheate acarids, typified by the genus Oribates. They are known as beetlemites, from the hard horny integument, and also as woodmites. The ocelli are almost obsolete, the mandibles chelate, the short palpi four-jointed, and the legs five-jointed, all ambulatory. None is parasitic at any age, or specially injurious, and some are beneficial. About 12 genera are described. The Oribatida are sometimes divided into 2 = subfamilies, Pterogastering or Oribatinæ proper, and Opoterogasterinæ, the latter containing 9 genera. oribi, ". Same as ourebi. orichalc (or'i-kalk), n. [Formerly also orichalche; F. orichalque Sp. Pg. It. oricalco, (L. orichalcum (also erroneously aurichalcum, simulating aurum, gold), < Gr. opeixaλkoç, rarely opiyankos, yellow copper ore, brass, lit. mountain-copper,' opos, mountain, + xaλkós, copper: see chalcitis.] The equivalent in English of the Greek opeixalkoç, the name of a metallic alloy or metal of brilliant luster, mentioned by Greek authors of a very early date, and considered by them as worthy to be classed with gold and silver in respect of value. Plato, while often speaking of it, admits that orichalc was no longer to be had in his time; and some (Aristotle, it is said, among them) deny that any such metal ever existed. The word passed into Latin under the form of orichalcum, and later that of aurichalcum. Although sometimes used as the name of brass (as by Strabo, who, with as near an approach to accuracy as was possible in those days, describes the method of manufacturing that metal and calls the alloy orichalcum), it had in general-even down to the middle ages-a more or less uncertain meaning, standing sometimes for an entirely ideal and very precious substance and sometimes for an ordinary metal or alloy (as copper or bronze), but having a peculiar value on account of the manner in which it was made, or the locality whence it came. The metall was of rare and passing price; orichalceous (or-i-kal'shius), a. [< orichalc + orichalcum (or-i-kal'kum), n. Same as orichalc. oriel (o'ri-el), n. [Formerly also orial; < ME. oryel, oriol, oryall, OF. oriol, < ML. oriolum, a small room, a recess, a porch; perhaps orig. a gilded room, for L. *aureolum, neut. of aureolus, of gold, golden, gilded, < aureus, of Oriel, Castle of Heidelberg, Baden. 4153 gold: see aureole, aureous, and cf. oriole.] A in Dorcetshire (respect it East or West) is commonly called At St. Alban's was an Oriel, or apartment for persons Tennyson, Palace of Art. oriency+ (ō'ri-en-si), n. [< orien(t) +-cy.] Black and thorny plum tree is of the deepest oriency. = Let us feare lest the Sunne for ever hide himselfe, and 2. Eastern. 3. Resembling the dawn in brilliancy, bright- If he should loue an Orient stone, it is for the propertie Morn in the white wake of the morning star 2. [cap. or l. c.] With the definite article, the They conquered manye regnes grete of the first water. Prof. Teufelsdröckh's Book . . . is indeed. .. a very Sea of Thought,... wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive to his utmost depth, and return not only with sea-wreck, but with true orients. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, i. 2. Orient equinoctial, that part of the eastern horizon which is cut by the equinoctial circle.-Orient estival, orientalism the eastern intersection of the horizon by the tropic of Cancer. Orient hibernal, the eastern intersection of orient (o'ri-ent), v. t. [F. orienter = the horizon by the tropic of Capricorn. Sp. Pg. orientar It. orientare, ML. *orientare, set toward the east, set with regard to the cardinal and n. 1. To define the position of in respect to the east; ascertain the position of relative points, L. orien(t-)s, the east: see orient, a. to the points of the compass; hence, to find the bearings of, in general; figuratively, to adjust or correct by referring to first principles or recognized facts or truths; take one's proper bearings mentally.-2. To place or arrange so as to face the east-that is, with its length from west to east; specifically, of a church, to place so that the chief altar is at the east end - that is, to place with the long axis east and west, the apse being toward the east, and the chief entrance at the west end; or, of a corpse, to place with the feet toward the east. The coffins were of plank or stone, and were not oriented. Science, III. 469. Hence-3. To place or arrange, as a building, points of the compass: as, the episcopal cathein any definite position with reference to the south. dral of New York will be oriented north and oriental (ō-ri-en'tal), a. and n. [< ME. oriental, OF. oriental, F. oriental = Sp. Pg. oriental It. orientale, < L. orientalis, of or belonging to the orient or east, < orien(t-)s, the east: see orient.] I. a. 1. Of the orient or east; situated in or proceeding from the east; eastern: as, oriental seas or countries. Also orient. Strait to the East The Spirit flies, and in Aurora's cheeks We may note the Positure and Position of the Corps, which among the Christians hath always been to turn the Feet to the East, with the Head to the West; that so they may be ready to meet the Lord, whom the Ancients did believe should appear in the oriental part of Heaven. con Durand, quoted in Bourne's Pop. Antiq. (1777), p. 47. Some ascribing hereto the generation of gold; . ceiving the bodies. to receive... some appropriate influence from his [the sun's] ascendent and oriental radiations. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vi. 7. 2. Of superior quality; precious; valuable; possessing orient qualities: applied to gems as a mark of excellence: opposed to occidental, word oriental is also frequently applied as an epithet to the which applies to the less valuable kinds. The names of certain stones to which the stone so described has no relation except that of color or some other resemphire of a greenish-yellow color; oriental topaz is not toblance: thus, oriental emerald is not emerald, but sappaz, but sapphire of a yellow color, or yellow mixed with red; and so on. Oriental is also applied to several superior or prized varieties of the domestic pigeon. For of o perle, fyne, oriental, Hire white coroune was imaked al. Chaucer, Prol. to Good Women, 1. 221. Some dozen of very faire Emeraulds orientall. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 279. If this oceanic jade be recognized as a distinct variety, the ordinary nephrite may be distinguished as oriental jade." Encyc. Brit., XIII. 540. 3. [cap. or l. c.] Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the East, or Eastern, especially Asiatic, countries; hence, exuberant; profuse; sumptuous; gorgeous; magnificent. His services were rewarded with Oriental munificence: and we believe that he received much more than Hastings could conveniently spare. Macaulay, Warren Hastings. I know not, for he spoke not, only shower'd Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. 4. In astrol., rising between the fourth house and the mid-heaven: applied to the planets. Lilly, Introd. to Astrol., App., p. 344.-Oriental Oriental-pearl essence. See essence. Oriental planeamethyst, cashew-nut, elemi, etc. See the nouns.tree. See plane-tree, Platanus, and chinar-tree.-Oriental region, in zoogeog., a division of the earth's surface with reference to the distribution of animals and plants, comprising all of continental Asia not included in the Palearctic region, and the islands zoologically related thereto.-Oriental shagreen. See shagreen.-Oriental sore. Same as Aleppo ulcer (which see, under ulcer). II. n. [cap. or l. c.] A native or an inhabitant of some eastern part of the world; an Asiatic. orientalise, v. t. See orientalize. orientalism (ō-ri-en'tal-izm), n. [= F. orientalisme Pg. orientalismo; as oriental + -ism.] 1. A characteristic of Eastern nations, as a mode of thought or expression, or a custom; also, such characteristics collectively; Eastern character or characteristics. = Dragons are a sure mark of Orientalism. T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, Diss. i. |