been murdered by the orders of a former | The Moreots now roused themselves, and took arms with greater spirit. On the 6th of May the Egyptian army again attacked the fortress, but they were defeated, and compelled to retire to their former position. On the next day, after a desperate conflict, the Turks made themselves masters of the island of Sphacteria. The brave Anastasius Psamando was slain on the island, and his solitary ship had to make her way out through the fleet of the enemy, drawn up round the entrance of the harbour. During four hours of a dead calm she maintained a desperate fight, and finally fought her way with great gallantry through forty sail of the Egyptian fleet, with the loss of only two men killed, and six wounded. Two days after, the garrisons of Old Navarino and NeoKastro capitulated; and Ibrahim Pacha thus became possessed of the key to the entire western coast of the Morea. sultan, though their pardon had been stipulated with Catharine II. Their hopes were also strengthened by the war which broke out between Turkey and Persia, and they never gave up the confidence that the "Muscoviti" would at last arm for their protection, which Russia had taken upon herself in the three last treaties with the Porte. Meanwhile, the Turkish general in Epirus, Khurschid Pacha, who was beseiging the rebel Ali, in Yanani, had sent troops against the Suliots, into the Morea and to Thessaly. But the Ætolians, under Rhangos, and the Acarnanians, under the brothers Hyscus, obliged the Turks to shut themselves up in Arta, and made themselves masters of Salona. Ulysses put himself at the head of some Arnatolics, in Thessaly; and Archimandrite, Anthymos Gazis, called the peasants to arms. In Euboea (Negropont) all the peasants took up arms, and obliged the Turks to shut themselves up in the fortified cities; but these movements were not decisive, because they took place without co-opera-lowed into the harbour of Moden, and tion; and, in fact, nothing was effected but the driving the Turks from the country into the cities. During the year 1824 the Greeks were uniformly successful; and preparations were made for commencing the campaign of 1825 with renewed vigour. Unfortunately, however, dissension began to to prevail amongst them: nevertheless their prospects were highly promising. At the beginning of February an Egyptian squadron landed at Moden 6000 well-disciplined soldiers, chiefly commanded by European officers. On the 20th of March Ibrahim Pacha took up a position before the walls of Navarino with 14,000 men. A garrison of 2000 men, and provisions, were hastily thrown into that fortress by the Greeks, while large bodies of the Roumeliotes also took possession of the ground in the rear of the enemy. On April 19th the position of the Greeks in the rear was attacked by the Turkish army, and, owing to the neglect or pusillanimity of the Moreots, they were completely defeated. On the 30th, the Roumeliotes, hearing that the Turks had marched against Missolonghi, left the defence of Navarino to the peninsular troops, and proceeded to defend their own homes On the fall of Navarino, one of the divisions of the Egyptian fleet was fol there set fire to and destroyed by the Greek fire-ships. A storehouse in the town, containing a large quantity of ammunition and provisions, caught fire, and was blown up with a tremendous explosion. The success of the Greeks was rendered yet more triumphant by the defeat of the Turkish fleet, which was beaten and dispersed by a Greek squadron, as it was on its way to Hydra. On the 10th of the month following, the Egyptian fleet reached Missolonghi, which had now been besieged by Redschid Pacha for upwards of two months without any impression being made upon it. On the 1st of August a general attack was made, but the Turks were repulsed; and two or three days afterwards the town was relieved on the sea side by the Greek fleet. The siege was still continued on the land side, but with scarcely any result besides the loss of men on the part of the besiegers. In the Morea the campaign was disastrous to the Greek cause; and the progress of Ibrahim, burning and destroying wherever he came, occasioned the Greek government great perplexity and distress. At this time several foreign factions were carrying on their two chieftains dispersed, and endeavoured to save themselves by gaining the mountains. The alarm created by their dispersion was quickly communicated to those who were to follow on this hazardous enterprise, who now aban in small numbers, in the most tenable places in the neighbourhood of the town. In the midst of the confusion, the Turkish troops rushed on from the sea and land side, and took possession of the fortification, to which, as a signal of victory, they set fire. They then poured into the town, and put to the sword, or made prisoners, all who opposed them. The loss sustained by the Turks on this occasion was great; and the obstinacy of the conflict may be estimated by the fact, that, although between 2,000 and 3,000 Greeks perished in the town, and at the foot of the mountain, only 150 were taken alive. Of the women and children, a considerable number destroyed themselves, or were drowned; and above 3,000 were taken prisoners. secret intrigues, and the French party actually proposed to give the sovereignty to a son of the Duke of Orleans, promising, on the condition, the aid of 12,000 French troops. This proposal met with no encouragement, and the French faction lost ground. The Rus-doned their posts, and sought shelter, sian cabinet, during the preceding year, had issued a semi-official note, in which the idea of forming Greece into principalities, on the same plan as the Dacian provinces, was suggested. M. Rodios, the secretary of the Greek executive government, addressed a spirited letter to the British government on this proposal, declaring that "The Greek nation, as well as its government, solemnly affirm, that they prefer a glorious death to the disgraceful lot intended to be imposed upon them." Towards the end of July the populace, as well as the government, openly declared themselves in favour of British protection; and a "manifesto of the Greek nation," placing itself under British protection, was issued at Napoli on the 2nd of August. Fresh deputies were accordingly appointed, and the eldest son of Miaulis, with one of the Hydriot primates, embarked for London at the end of August. The campaign in Greece this year was dirastrous to the cause of the Greeks. In the month of April Missolonghi was taken from them. This event was attended with the loss of many lives, and with the captivity of a still greater num-selves. Advantage was taken of the inber of unfortunate Greek women and children. The garrison, which had become desperate from the total want of provision, and the failure of the Greek fleet, under Admiral Miaulis, to throw supplies into the town, determined, on the 22d of April, to retire from the place. A sortie was accordingly made, by 800 men, under two chieftains, with the hope of gaining possession of one of the batteries upon the sea-shore, which was defended by a large body of Arabs; the town, at the same time, was partially set fire to, with the view of diverting the attention of the besiegers. It was hoped that, by this attack, a way would be opened for the remainder of the garrison; but this plan had been foreseen by the Turks, and their posts so strongly reinforced, that, after attempting in vain to force a passage by carrying the battery, the band led by the The prospects of Greece at the commencement of 1827, wore a gloomier aspect than at any previous period of the contest. Napoli di Romania was almost the only strong position which they held in the Morea; they had lost all their footing in Western Greece, and, what was worse, dissension began to show itself among the leaders them activity of Ibrahim, to make great exertions for provisioning Napoli; and Karaiskaki, who still kept the field, having been joined by part of those who escaped from Missolonghi, still maintained the ascendancy in the mountains of Livadia. A body of Albanians was sent against him by Redschid Pacha, who was besieging Athens; Karaiskaki met them at Debrena, defeated and drove them to the neighbourhood of Arakova, where he surrounded them, and completely cut off their retreat. desperate battle followed; and, after five hours' hard fighting, the Turks were driven to a new position, with the loss of all their baggage, and a great number of men. Here they were followed by Karaiskaki, who kept them shut up for five days; and when they proposed to capitulate on condition of being allowed to retire, he answered, that they might A do with him as the Greeks had done with them at Missolonghi-make good their own way. He then dislodged them, forced them to fight, and killed 13,000 of them. In the mean time, the siege of Athens was pushed on with vigour by Redschid Pacha. Colonel Fabvier, taking advantage of the departure of that part of Redschid's army which had gone against Karaiskaki, succeeded in throwing himself into the Acropolis with 300 men and a supply of provisions. A naval expedition set out from Salamis on the evening of the 5th of February, and succeeded in occupying the Piræus, and carrying several posts on the shore. | Another band of the Greeks marched a few days before from Eleusis upon Athens; but on the 9th of February, they were suddenly attacked and completely defeated by the seraskier. The Turks then assailed the Greeks who had obtained possession of the Piræus, and drove them from several of the outposts they had taken. On the 4th of March a desperate attack was made on the Piræus, in which both parties fought obstinately from morn till night, when the Turks retired, with a loss of 700 killed and 300 wounded, the loss of the Greeks being ten killed and twenty wounded. On the 18th of February, Karaiskaki defeated the army of Omer Pacha in the neighbourhood of Distomo, in Livadia, and deprived it of its baggage and artillery. Salona having surrendered to the Greeks, and Western Greece being thus nearly cleared of the enemy, Karaiskaki marched into Attica, having been joined on his way by fresh reinforcements. The seraskier was now obliged to content himself with acting on the defensive, until he was joined by reinforcements from Constantinople. At length Lord Cochrane arrived in Greece; and, finding the military chiefs disputing and quarrelling about the place of assembling the congress, instead of taking vigorous measures for the relief of their country, his first object was to effect a compromise of differences; and he so far succeeded, that, in the beginning of April, the assembly was convened at Damala. Their first act was the appointment of Count Capo d'Istria to the office of president of Greece for seven years. Colonel Church was made generalissimo of the land forces, and Lord Cochrane appointed commander-in-chief of the Greek fleet. A joint effort was now made to relieve Athens, by a general attack upon the Turks, which proved unsuccessful, and Athens fell into the hands of the Turks. By the fall of Athens Greece was almost deprived of hope, when an entirely new aspect was given to the war by the interposition of European powers; and although their mediation was for a long time most pertinaciously refused by the Turkish government, they were ultimately induced to acknowledge the independence of the Greeks on terms highly favourable to them; and Otho, prince of Bavaria, was eventually placed on the throne of Greece. MEMOIR OF CAPT. SIR WILLIAM ELLIOTI, C.B. AND K.C.H. THIS gallant officer, who was flagcaptain to Lord Amelius Beauclerk, commander-in-chief at Plymouth, was the eldest of four sons (all of whom became officers in the navy) of an innkeeper of Kingsand, a village situated on the margin of Cawsand Bay, and whose house the officers of the navy frequented, as being the most respectable, whenever the fleet or ships moored within the bay. Admiral Sir Herbert Sawyer saw the youth, and placed him on the quarterdeck of his own ship, the Russell; and as a foretaste of that in which he was afterwards to take an active part, his first cruise gave him an opportunity of acquiring the true smell of gunpowder, and a sample of its effects, in Lord Bridport's action in June, 1795, the Russell being one of the headmost ships on that glorious day. And here it may not be amiss to remark this singular coincidence, that although the four Elliotts entered the service at different times, each of them had the honour and luck of being in a general engagement the first cruise. John, at present purser of the San Josef, was inducted at Camperdown; Thomas, who subsequently sacrificed his life in the service of his country, as a lieutenant in the coast blockade at Swanage, was at Monte Video; and James, who is now on the lieutenant's half-pay list, but put hors de combat by the falling of a block on his head, made his début at Copenhagen. him by the king, with the order of the Tower and Sword. He had the charge Sir William Elliott continued on board of Don Pedro, when he was banished the Russell, and was in Duncan's en' from Portugal, and conveyed the Porgagement; and in 1801 he was in the tuguese frigate having Pedro on board battle at Copenhagen. In 1812 he ob- to Brest. His next appointment was tained a commission as lieutenant, and to the Revenge, and on passing before was appointed to the Plantagenet, Cap- the king at his levee to take leave, tain Hammond. In 1805 he assisted William the Fourth said, "Elliott, I in the storming of Monte Video, having have not forgotten your services, I inthe command of a party of seamen and tend giving you the order of Hanover." marines. Soon after this he joined the This was quite unexpected and unsoliDaphne, Captain Mason, as his first cited; and soon after his arrival at Malta lieutenant, and went on the Newfound- the necessary documents were handed to land station, where he became acquaint-him to take upon himself the title of ed with his Royal Highness the late K.C.H. Duke of Kent, who always received him afterwards in London, and treated him with more than ordinary respect and attention. From this time, to the year 1809, he was in the Baltic and the West Indies, constantly engaged in the most hazardous enterprises, during which he received a ball through his arm and several other wounds. He was in the Castor at the dashing affair of taking the Hautepoule. He cut out from Bassterre the corvette, afterwards called the Gaudaloupe, and was made commander, and appointed to the Pultusk. In this vessel he drove a French vessel on shore, and succeeded in securing the French dispatches, after a train had been laid to blow the vessel up. He assisted at the capture of Guadaloupe, and received as a dying legacy, and as the last effort of a French sentinel, who flung his musket round by the muzzle after he had been shot, the flint from the lock of his musket, which, entering under the pan-bone of the knee, caused several months lying-up. For these services he was posted, within three or four months after his promotion, to the rank of commander; but the date of his commission was carried forward to the twelve month's end, as the Admiralty regulations did not admit of two promotions within the period of a year. He was afterwards appointed to the Scamander, which ship he held three years. Some time subsequently to this he was appointed to the Lively, and during the troubles at Lisbon he had the royal family and part of the court on board, at a vast expense to himself. His attentions gained for him a star, set in diamonds, which was presented to | After his three years' service in the Mediterranean, during which he was appointed to superintend the trial of the contending ships, the report of which gave considerable satisfaction, the Revenge was ordered home, and our naval friends cannot forget the very handsome eulogium and compliment paid to Sir William Elliott by Admiral Durham at Portsmouth, for the seamanlike state and very excellent condition in which he found the Revenge, immediately on her coming into harbour. Before the Revenge was paid off, he received a letter from Lord Amelius Beauclerk, with whom he had been on the most intimate terms on the coast of Portugal, wishing to be informed if he would accept of his ship. This was too flattering a compliment to be refused, and soon afterwards he received the appointment. Besides the Grand Cross of Hanover and the Tower and Sword of Portugal, Sir William Elliott was a Companion of the Bath. But Sir William Elliott had a medal which he used to prize more than his orders. This medal was given to him by the merchants of Liverpool for saving the crew of a merchant ship, which, in a gale of wind, amounting to a hurricane, made signals of distress. The captain of the ship asked if any of his men would volunteer to the rescue. No reply came until Lieutenant Elliott asked, “Who will go with me?" In a moment the boat was manned. The danger was imminent, but their confidence was great in their officer. After laborious exertions they succeeded in getting the crew from the vessel, when she sunk by their side. He had been wounded several times, but the most severe was a body-wound | It bursts through roofs; it fixes itself in the chest, and which ultimately, in all probability, led to his speedy dissolution, which took place at the house of his brother-in-law, Mr. Smith, an attorney, at Devonport, on Friday, September 14, about six o'clock. He called on his brother John, in George-street, and lunched at half-past one. Lady Elliott and her sister, Mrs. Smith, coming in soon afterwards, they remained until a quarter after three. Sir William Elliott being in apparent good health and spirits, walked with Lady Elliott and Mrs. Smith to the house of the latter, where he remained until about six o'clock, when he was seized with a fit of apoplexy, and in less than ten minutes he was a corpse. Lord Amelius Beauclerk, as a mark of respect for his worth, ordered all the flags and pennants in the port to be lowered to half-mast high until the day of funeral, which, to his credit, he had undertaken to superintend himself, to the relief of his disconsolate widow and family. Sir William Elliott was married twice; first to Miss Harris, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Harris, of Newfoundland, by whom he has no issue living; secondly, to the daughter of the late John Parkyn, Esq., an extensive ship-builder, but retired long before his death. By this lady, now his widow, he has left two sons, one in the marines and the other at school, about the age of fifteen, and three daughters, all young. He was too noble in mind to think of accumulation whilst any, the most distant, portion of his family required assistance. To his sister, a maiden lady, he contributed an annual stipend regularly ever since he had a lieutenant's commission; and to some distant poor relations his generous heart never suffered his pocket to be closed. CONGREVE ROCKETS. THE very flight of the Congreve rocket is startling; it springs from the ground in a volume of flame, and then rushes along with a continued roar, with its large head blazing, and striking pointblank, and with a tremendous force, at the distance of a mile or more. In a siege it is already extremely formidable. wherever it can bore its way; and it inflames everything that is combustible. Stone walls only can repel it, and that not always. This weapon may be regarded as almost exclusively English in its use, as well as its origin. It will be like the English bow in the fifteenth century. In the next war what an extraordinary change will take place in all the established instruments of putting men out of the world! We shall be attacked at once from above, around, and below. We shall have the balloon showering fire upon us from miles above our heads; the steam-gun levelling us from walls and ramparts, before we can come within distance to dig a trench; the Congreves setting our tents, ammunition-waggons, and ourselves in a blaze in our first sleep; and the stean-boat running and doing mischief everywhere. But of all those mischief-makers I should give the palm to the rocket. No infantry on earth could stand for five minutes within five hundred yards of a well-served rocketbattery. Half-a-dozen volleys of halfa dozen of these fiery arrows would break the strongest battalions into fragments, lay one-half dead on the ground, and send the other blazing and torn over the field. The heaviest fire from guns is nothing to their effect. It wants the directness, the steadiness, the flame, and resulting from all those, the terror. If the British troops shall ever come into the field without an overwhelming force of rocketeers, they will throw away the first chance of victory that ever was lost by national neligence. Nothing can be more obvious than that this tremendous weapon has not even yet arrived at its full capacity for war on a great scale. DUKE OF WELLINGTON AND WATERLOO. THE Americans are very nearly as proud of Waterloo as we are. No man in England is looked at with so much interest by a travelling American as the Duke of Wellington; and it is believed that if his Grace were to pay the States a visit, every city and town would make a holiday to receive him. Edward-street, Hampstead-road.-Published by LONDON:-Printed by JOSEPH LAST, No. 3, |