ridges which marked the resting-places | few moments would most probably terminate their existence; indeed, from the paleness and agony impressed on the features of L of the dead, when the sound of two shots, fired in quick succession, struck upon my ear. They were evidently discharged close at hand; and I stood in no enviable situation, for I had clearly distinguished the shrill noise that a bullet made in passing close to my head; and as I had heard too many such singing-birds whistle by me when on actual service not to be well acquainted with the sound, I shouted with all my strength, in order that the persons who discharged the shots should cease firing, unconsciously and in my haste, using the technical word of command. But the echoes of my words had not yet died away, when they were answered by a repetition of the same sound; but no bullet now whistled past, for they had reached their destination. At that instant the morning-gun from the fort was fired, and answered by the admiral's flag-ship in the bay, followed by the brisk and irregular discharge of small arms from the marines on the gangways of the several men-of-war. The effect of heavy artillery on mists and vapours is well known. The thick, smoke-like clouds that hung over the sands slowly rolled aside for a moment in heavy folds, like the withdrawing of a curtain, and again closed, darkening and concealing the surrounding objects; but brief as the interval was, it had permitted me to discover a group of figures, which might serve as a study for a painter, could the artist be found hardened enough to gaze unmoved on such a scene. Not twenty yards from me, on the ground, lay two officers, one in the uniform of my own regiment, the other in the undress of a naval captain; the surgeon and the second of each were stooping over their friends, and a black servant stood at a trifling distance, in evident alarm; while the smoke from their pistols still hovered over the spot, in dark circles, struggling to rise through the overhanging canopy of mist. I hastened to the spot: one was my brother officer M'Ivor; the other was the fighting captain of the Elmira; both mortally wounded. The surgeons of each, after a few moments' consultation, declared the impracticability of removing either of them from the ground, as a -s, and from the crimson flood which widely stained the white sand beneath him, it was evident that the vital spark was about to be extinguished. Not so M'Ivor: his wound was in the chest, and the bleeding was mostly internal. He had risen upon one elbow; a small stream of blood flowed from beneath his clenched teeth; but as his sparkling eye was fixed sternly upon his prostrate antagonist, his whole face was illumined with an expression of exultation and delight, fearfully in contrast with his evident and increasing weakness; and the brilliant hue of pleasure lit up those features, at other times so pale and deathlike. The departing sailor, in faltering and broken accents, gasped out a request to be brought nearer to M'Ivor, that he might grasp his hand, and die forgiving him. A strange expression of contempt played on the bloodstained lips of the latter, as he heard this demand, and beheld the surgeons assisting his adversary to approach him. With pain and difficulty the dying man reached out his trembling hand, and the accents of forgiveness hung upon his lips; when the young Highlander raising himself to a sitting posture, fiercely grasped the extended hand, and, while a gush of blood accompanied every word, exclaimed, in accents never to be eradicated from my memory, "L- -s, you are now dying on the grave of my brother-in-law, poor Baldwin; he, whom you murdered, rots in the soil beneath you; but my sister, Jessie M'Ivor, she rests among the green-hills of that native land I never shall behold. You wronged a daughter of M'Ivor-a son of M'Ivor has avenged her wrongs." He flung the hand from him with contemptuous violence, and, falling backwards in the effort, ceased to exist; his face retaining, even in death, the same expression of stern delight. L- -8 writhed in redoubled agony, as if the grave on which he lay had been a bed of molten fire-his features became convulsed-the glare of his eye bore fearful resemblance to the once insulting glance of the professed and successful duellist. Suddenly he started to his feet-he assumed the posture of a prepared combatant-and, with his arm extended, as if in the act of discharging a pistol, he fell prostrate over the now senseless body of his youthful antagonist. THUNDER AND ARTILLERY. On one occasion I witnessed a storm of thunder and hail, sufficiently remarkable for its terrific violence, but still more memorable owing to the accompanying appearances and sounds of cannon and battle. The third division was quartered in the little town of Huarte, about a mile and a half from the walls of Pampeluna, which city was then garrisoned by the enemy, and, consequently, till reduced, a bar to the progress of the allied army within the French territory. The battle of the Pyrenees had not yet been fought, and our troops were continually on the alert, ready to repel at a moment the menaces of Soult, whose line was extended in position on the heights contiguous to ours. At the time I am speaking of we were roused almost daily to a state of stirring excitement by the frequent brisk skirmishes that took place among the light troops on the hills, close above the town, on which occasions the drums and bugles of the division immediately sounded to arms, the general was a-field, all staff-officers were mounted and ready, and the commissariat stores packed on the mules' backs waiting to depart. One summer's evening the clouds hung particularly dark and lowering on the hills, a deep stillness pervaded the air, the swallows swept the earth with their bosoms in depressed flight, large spreading drops of rain began to fall, when, during those few moments of dreary expectant repose that invariably precede an approaching thunder storm, the universal silence of nature was broken by a rattling crash of musketry, and almost at the same instant the sky, rent by a vivid streak of white lightning and loud thunder, simultaneously cracked from end to end of the horizon. Officers started quickly on foot, and called aloud for their horses; drums, bugles, and trumpets burst forth in unison, and the "boot and saddle" call adding to the din, soon set in motion the rumbling wheels of the artillery. The firing among the troops and the storm's fury both increased together; the former affording reasonable apprehension that the enemy, then within the distance of a mile, were about to make a desperate attempt to break through our line, while the rain fell in torrents amid glaring flashes of lightning, and explosions of thunder shook the mountains to their very foundations. Being unfortunately unable at this conjuncture to get my people together, and therefore behind-hand in preparation for departure, my various boxes and packages, ready for loading, lying, for want of mules to carry them away, before the door of my quarters in the street, I was in serious expectation of being obliged to leave everything in the clutches of the enemy, when my faithful Spaniards with their mules opportunely made their appearance. Nothing daunted by the present aspect of affairs, but all aroused by the urgency of the moment to a corresponding pitch of energy, each quickly determined upon a particular task to perform, and acquitted himself with the same degree of ease and promptitude which was always forthcoming, whenever the British interests were at stake, on the part of these people on any trying occasion. An astounding cannonade now broke forth below from the town of Pampeluna. The thunder of heaven, lightning, and rain streaming from the overcharged clouds, were awfully mingled with sounds of mortal strife; and, in addition to all, a regiment of Spanish cavalry expecting a sortie from Pampeluna, galloping rapidly and fiercely towards the fortress, contributed other new and warlike sounds to the existing clamour. In the short space of half an hour the tranquillity of our village was restored. The storm passed away, sun beamed again on the plain, the firing on the hills ceased, and the cannonade, faint as it were with exhausted hope, died away in despair. Our troops on the heights firmly held their ground. and the captive garrison of Pampeluna expended in vain their powder the Edward-street, Hampstead-road.-Published by LONDON:-Printed by JOSEPH LAST, No. 3, WILLIAM MARK CLARK, 19, Warwick-lane, Paternoster-row; J. PATTIE, Brydges-street, Covent-garden; and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers in town and country. [SUCCESSFUL ATTACK OF THE GREEKS AT ARAKOVA.] IN the primitive seat of European civilisation, and the noblest ruins of the ancient world, one people has preserved its existence through the wild tempests of Asiatic conquerors, and has recently contended with the enemies of Christianity and civilisation for life and freedom, whilst Christians beheld the deathstruggle for years without offering any assistance. and Capetanaki, exerted themselves to enlighten their nation, and to prepare it, by a better education, for a struggle for liberty. Similar views had been entertained fifty years earlier, by several Greeks, in different parts of the country, among whom were Panagiotis, Mavrocordato, and Demetrius Cantemir. In Greece itself, several attempts were made to revive the study of the ancient lanThe Turks and Greeks never became guage, and with it a taste for letters, one nation; the relation of conquerors civilisation, and liberty. This was parand conquered never ceased. However cularly the case in the islands, where abject a large part of the Greeks became intercourse with France and the Ameby their continued oppression, they never rican States contributed to hasten the forgot that they were a distinct nation. revival of a thirst for liberty. In addiIn 1814, the Hetaireia was formed in tion to all this, was the wretched state of Vienna, but the revolution began too Turkey, weak from without and within; early for their plans. Coray, with many every thing, in short, seemed favourable, others, as Mustoxydy, Gazy, Ducas, when the precipitancy of a few indiviCumas, Bambas, Gorgorios, Oiconomos,duals was the origin of infinite mischief. VOL. III. 2 S On the 1st of February, 1821, prince | Charles Calimachi was appointed by the Porte, hospodar of Wallachia, in the place of the deceased Alexander Suzzo. The fear of new exactions (which take place in that country with every new governor) produced commotions among the people of Wallachia; and this excitement seemed to the members of the Hetaireia in St. Petersburg, to afford a favourable moment for taking up arms against the Turks, in which they expected to be supported by the Russian cabinet. Without knowing any thing of this plan, a Wallachian, Theodore Wladimiresko, left Bucharest, Jan. 30th, with sixty pandoors, and instigated the peasants to revolt, promising them the protection of Russia and the restoration of their old rights. The Arnaouts, who were sent against him, joined him, and he soon became master of Little Wal- | lachia, at the head of 5000 men. The Greeks in Moldavia likewise rose under prince Alexander Ypsilanti, a majorgeneral in the Russian service. This insurrection was connected with the Hetaireia. March 7th, 1821, a proclamation of Ypsilanti was placarded in Jassy, under the eyes of the hospodar, Michael Suzzo, which declared that all the Greeks had, on that day, thrown off the Turkish yoke; that he would put himself at their head with his countrymen; that prince Suzzó wished the happiness of the Greeks; and that nothing was to be feared, as a great power was going to march against Turkey. Several officers and members of the Hetaireia had accompanied Ypsilanti from Bessarabia and Jassy. He wrote to the emperor of Russia, Alexander, who was then at Laybach, asking his protection for the Greek cause, and the two principalities, Wallachia and Moldavia; but the revolutions in Spain and Piedmont had just then broken out, and that monarch considered the Greek insurrection to be nothing but a political fever, caught from Spain and Italy, which could not be checked too soon; besides, Ypsilanti was actually in the service of Russia, and therefore had undertaken this step against the rules of military discipline. Alexander publicly disavowed the measure, Ypsilanti's name was struck from the army rolls, and he was declared to be no longer a subject of Russia. The Russian minister, and the Austrian internuncio at Constantinople, also declared that their cabinets would not take advantage of the internal troubles of Turkey in any shape whatever, but would, as hitherto, remain strictly neutral. The Turkish government still, however, continued suspicious, partly after the information of an English traveller had led to a detection of some supposed traces of the Greek conspiracy at Constantinople. It therefore ordered the Russian vessels to be searched, contrary to treaty. The commerce of Odessa suffered from this measure, which occasioned a serious correspondence between baron Stroganoff, the Russian ambassador, and the reis effendi. The most vigorous measures were taken against all Greeks: their schools were suppressed; their arms seized: suspicion was equivalent to a sentence of death. The flight of some rendered all guilty-it was prohibited under penalty of death; and in the divan, the total extinction of the Greek name was proposed. Turkish troops marched into the principalities ; the hospodar Suzzo was outlawed; the patriarchs of Constantinople and Jerusalem excommunicated all insurgents; and a hatti-sheriff of March 31st, called upon all Mussulmans to arm against the rebels for the protection of the Islam. No Greek was, for some time, safe in the streets of Constantinople; women and children were thrown into the sea; the noblest females openly murdered or sold; the populace broke into the house of Foaton, the Russian counsellor of legation; and prince Murusi was beheaded in the seraglio. The revolution in the Morea began on the 23rd of March, 1821, at Calayrita, a small place in Achaia, where eighty Turks were made prisoners. On the same day the Turkish garrison of Patras fell upon the Greek inhabitants: but they were soon relieved. In the ancient Laconia, Colcotroni and Peter Mavromichalis roused the people to arms. The archbishop Germanos, collected the peasants of Achaia; and in Patras and other places, the Turks were compelled to retreat into the fortresses. As early as April 6th, a Messenian senate assembled in Calamata; and the bey of Maina, Peter Mavromichalis, as commander-inchief, proclaimed that the Morea had shaken off the yoke of Turkey to save clergy. In April, Gregory, the patriarch of Constantinople, was murdered, with his bishops, in the metropolis. In Adrianople, the venerable patriarch, Cyrillus, who had retired to a life of solitude, and Prosos, archbishop of Adrianople, and others, met the same fate. Several hundred Greek churches were torn down, without the divan paying any attention to the remonstrances of the Christian ambassadors. The savage grand vizier, indeed, lost his place, and soon after his life, but Mahmud and his favourite, Halet Effendi, persisted in the plan of extermination. The courageous Stroganoff was yet less able to make his remonstrances heard, after the grand seignior, in order to save his favourite, who was hated by the janissaries, on account of his plan of reform in the military department, gave a seat in the divan to three members of these riotous troops. The commerce of Russia in the Black Sea was totally ruined by the blockade of the Bosphorous, and the ultimatum of the ambassador was not answered. Baron Stroganoff, therefore, broke off all diplomatic relations with the reis effendi on July 18th, and soon afterwards embarked for Odessa. He had declared to the divan, that if the Porte did not change its system, Russia would feel herself While the conduct of the Moreots has obliged to give "the Greeks refuge, probut too often drawn on them the just re-tection, and assistance." The answer of proach of their compatriots, the latter have gained a name in history which will be honoured as long as an invincible love of liberty, and bold and inflexible courage in an unequal struggle are prized. The Hydriots cruised in the Turkish waters, and blockaded the ports. In some islands the Turks were massacred in revenge for the murder of the Greeks at Patras; and, in retaliation, the Greeks were put to death at Smyrna, in Asia Minor, and in those islands which had not yet shaken off the Turkish yoke. The exasperation was raised to the highest pitch by the cruelties committed against the Greeks in Constantinople, after the end of March. On mere suspicion, and often merely to obtain possession of their property, the divan caused the richest Greek merchants and bankers to be put to death. The rage of the Mussulmans was particularly directed against the Greek The the reis effendi to this declaration, given |