ants. Perhaps, indeed, the highest and most admirable part of that gentleman's character is to be found in the endeavours he is constantly and assiduously making to provide for the mental progress, as well as the pecuniary prosperity, of those about him. The prize Devon bulls, oxen, and heifers, were shown at the great barn. On this day, upwards of 650 persons dined in the two rooms. The discussion was principally political. Mr. Owen, of Lanark, indeed, spoke, and differed entirely from the other speakers, as to the causes of distress, which he alleged proceeds entirely from the want of giving a proper direction to industry and scientific power.

The morning of the third and last day was devoted to the examination of the slaughtered prize sheep. The ride was to Wells and Warham, where the party took refreshment at Mr. Moore's, and Mr. Blomfield's; and returned earlier than usual, to allow time for the distribution of the prizes, &c. in the afternoon. After dinner, Mr. Hughes (being called upon) stated that there was, more briskness in the wool trade; that long wool had advanced from 28s. to 30s. a tod; and combing wool was worth about 408. After much speak. ing on general politics, the prizes were distributed as follows:

To Sir John Sinclair, a very handsome vase, with this inscription: "Holkham Sheep Shearing, from Thomas William Coke, Esq. to Sir John Sinclair, Bart. in testimony of the donor's approbation of the Third Edition of The Code of Agriculture, and of the author's indefatigable zeal and successful exertions, in promoting improvements in the first, most honourable, and most useful of arts."

To the Hon. Gen. Fitzroy, Messrs. Reeve, Harvey, and Hill, pieces of plate, value ten guineas each, for Southdown sheep.

To Messrs. Overman, Blyth, Moore, and Blomfield, plate of like value for Devonshire cattle.

To Messrs. Whincop, Wright, and Hasek, for stallions.

To Mr. Harvey, a piece of plate, value six guineas; and to Mr. Blyth, one of four; for boars.

There was no implement deserving a premium.

Mr. Coke then proceeded to sum up the benefits arising out of the meeting, which lecture is always marked by respectful attention, and confers real advantages. He contrasted the present appearance of his estate, with the waste and barren condition in which it descended to his hands, as affording the proof of the utility of his exertions. In the place of old unprofitable Norfolk sheep, he had introduced Downs; flocks of them had become pretty extensive; but they were much crossed in some

hands, and spoiled: and he should be hap py to see the breed renewed from the pure and improved flocks in Sussex (referring to Mr. Piddington, who is in the habit of purchasing from the best breeders). A Down flock, on a farm of any given size, would pay more money than the Norfolks, by the whole rent. The next object was the Devon cattle: most admirable cattle they were, for the yoke, the dairy, and the pasture; on light soil, such as Norfolk, they were allowed to excel. On the importance of irrigation, Mr. Coke dwelt some time Under-draining was the next topic; by which much benefit had been obtained, both on pasture and tillage land. He then descanted on improved imple ments, and especially for the row culture. Next, a recent improvement, called sowing on a stab furrow, came under review. Mr. Coke treated shortly on inoculation; enforcing his observations, by the facts that had been witnessed. Manures formed another topic; in which he took notice of the great importance of pies, as recommended by Mr. Blaikie, in his Essays. Such was the value of this method of preparing manure, that a crop of turnips might be rendered a matter of certainty under the row culture; and he had never failed in any one instance. Two other manures he took notice of; namely, bones and gypsum: the former was highly important, and had contributed very much to the agriculture of the country: the latter he found most valuable, in Holkham Park; and he wished others to give it a fair trial. Mr. Coke then proceeded to comment on rotations, on mangel wurzel, on Talavera wheat, on the management of hedges, on, marl, and on the minutiae of management. Under the latter head, are included the whole economy of proportioning labourers to the work, and horses to the extent of tillage; together with the mode of setting them on work, and every particular in the farm-yard and the field, as to manure, fences, harness, cribs, implements, repairs-keeping all, as much as possible, from perishing by the weather, and from destruction by carelessness and neglect.

After the Duke of Sussex had spoken, Sir John Sinclair proposed the health of Mr. Blaikie, Mr. Coke's steward. Mr. Coke returned thanks; and spoke in terms of the highest respect for that gentleman, whom he regarded rather as a friend than a servant. And thus terminated this exertion of patriotic hospitality, which every year increases in estimation, and in public usefulness.

The season is now very favourable to the advancement of the harvest, as well as to the turnip crop, which is fast getting beyond the reach of injury from its early and dangerous enemy, the fly. The crops

are improved in appearance, and (we speak from personal observation over a large tract of country, during recent travelling, as well as from general reports) they have seldom presented a better prospect of an abundant cast. The harvest must, however, be somewhat later than usual. Hay is less in quantity than was anticipated. The stock markets are every where lower in price. The Inverness annual sheep and wool market was well attended, both by growers and buyers. Cheviot wool brought

It

18s. to 20s. per stone of 24 lb. English. Blackfaced wool is from 18s. to 20s. per double stone. At Thetford (Norfolk) wool fair, Mr. Coke sold his fleeces to Mr. Waller, for 468.; but little other business was done, and that at reduced rates. will, however, be observed, by Mr. Hughes's statement at Holkham, that wool is likely to be in demand. But the supply is large. We know flock-masters who hold four years' stock. July 21, 1821.

THOUGH no striking alterations have taken place since our last, in the actual state of the Commerce of the kingdom, yet the various important measures lately resolved upon, and others now in contemplation, are of such a nature, that they cannot fail to have ultimately a most extensive influence on the mercantile prosperity of the whole empire. The proceedings in Parliament, during the months of May and June, were of the greatest interest to the commercial relations of the country. The alterations in the duties on timber, the discussions respecting the prohibitory duties as now existing, and the repeal or mitigation of several of the enactments of the navigation act, proposed by Mr. Wallace, the reports respecting the East India and China trades, and the bills introduced in consequence, are all and each of vital importance to our commerce, though it must be owned that their probable effects are looked to by some persons with fears at least equal to the sanguine expectations conceived of them by others.

The Agricultural report is one of the most important documents, both as it regards the agriculture and the general prosperity of the country, that has lately been presented to the public: the whole theory of the corn laws now acted upon is, in fact, acknowledged to be injurious and untenable, and there is every reason to suppose that it will be relinquished. A duty on foreign corn is confidently anticipated by the merchant.

With respect to foreign countries, little has yet been done by them to affect our commercial relations with them: the German states have not taken any further steps towards the introduction of restrictions on foreign trade; while Russia, on the other hand, pertinaciously adheres to her rigorous system of prohibitions and high duties, which we cannot help feeling bears VOL. IV.

more severely on the trade of Great Britain than of any other country. The States General of the Netherlands have decreed, by very small majorities, the introduction of a more liberal system, as respects foreign commerce; and it is confidently affirmed, that the transit duties, in particular, will be so mitigated, that it will be more advantageous to send goods to Germany, &c. by way of Holland, than by any other route. But the details remain to be discussed in the next session, and meantime the Southern Provinces, which are violently averse from the removal of commercial restrictions, are urgently petitioning the King to withhold his sanction from a law, which, they affirm, will serve only to enrich the northern provinces, and utterly ruin the southern half of the kingdom.

The accounts from Spain clearly prove that the prohibitive system adopted by the Cortes last year (so entirely contrary to the expectation that had been entertained) is absolutely impracticable. The smugglers carry on their unlawful trade by force of arms, and in open defiance of the officers; and as the government finds it impossible to put a stop to it, and is convinced by experience that the national manufactures are unable to supply the demand, it is affirmed that the prohibition of many articles will be abolished. An import duty of 18 per cent. is spoken of; but even this duty seems too high, as the goods may be easily introduced by smuggling, which is insured at a premium of 15 per cent.

The affairs of Turkey have, for some time past, engaged the serious attention of the merchant as well as of the politician. Though the conflicting statements relative to the success of the Greek insurrection have prevented the attainment of a correct knowledge of the state of things, it could not be concealed that their influence on commerce must in every case be considerable; and it

R

was, in fact, felt already at the late fairs of Francfort and Leipzig, where no Greek merchants attended. The conduct of the Turkish government towards the Christians in general, and to the Russian ambassador in particular, has excited considerable alarms of a war between Russia and the Porte, in which England might finally be implicated. The latest accounts, however, received from Paris this day state that the fears of a rupture have in some degree subsided, and that Russia and England have offered their mediation to arrange the affairs of Greece and Turkey.

Cotton. The accounts from Liverpool having been favourable for this month past, the prices here have remained steady; the quantities sold at Liverpool, in the four weeks ending 14th of July, amounted to above 44,000 bags, and the arrivals to only 14,000 bags. The accounts from the manufacturing districts are also very favourable. The purchases of cotton by private contract, for the week ending on Friday the 20th, consisted of 970 Bengal, 5ğd. a 64d. in bond; 550 Surat, 6d. a 8d. in bond; 310 Pernambuco, 124d. a 123d. in bond; 10 Berbice, 11 d. duty paid; 35 Carriacou, 10 d. a 11d. duty paid; 100 Upland, 104d. duty paid; 50 Smyrna, 7 d. a 8d. duty paid; imports, from the 13th to the 12th instant, inclusive :-Calcutta, 1022; Demerara, 80.

By public sale, on Friday forenoon, cotton sold at very high prices; 80 bags Demerara, 11d. a 124d.; 65 Grenada, 10d. a 113d.; 12 Jamaica, 104d. The accounts from Liverpool this morning state that market steady, but without the briskness of the preceding week; on Wednesday, only 1,200 bags were sold; the arrivals were rather extensive, which occasioned some heaviness.

Sugar. The market has been languid during the month. The holders seeming determined to effect sales, even at reduced prices, and the buyers holding back in expectation that the market will decline when the anticipated large arrivals are brought forward. The refined market continues languid, few sales are reported, and generally at low rates, particularly the fine goods. In foreign sugars, scarcely any purchases are reported; there was some demand for Brazil sugars, but it ap

pears to subside. Average prices of Raw Sugar by Ga

zette:

the market has been heavy. At a public sale on Friday, of St. Domingo and Ceylon, the former was withdrawn at 117s., and for which 116s. 6d. was bid; the latter sold at good prices, chiefly 114s. 6d. and 115s. The market appears steady. with an improving demand.

Indigo. The sale at the India-House finished the 13th instant; 3,855 chests, of which about one-fourth was taken in for the proprietors: fine Indigo sold 3d. per lb. higher than last sale, good 6d., good middling and middling 6d. a 9d., consuming Indigo 9d. a Is. above the prices of last sale.

........

per lb. s. d. s. d. Fine blue and violet .. 83 a 87 Fine and good purple and violet 7 9 a 8 3 Fine and good violet 76 a 79 Middling ditto 73 a 76 7 0 a 76 66a70 50a60

Fine and good violet and copper
Fine and good copper.
Ordinary violet and copper..
Ordinary and low...
Consuming qualities
Good Madras..
Middling ditto

none.

60a70

60a67

56a60

Rum, Brandy, and Hollands.-The rum market remains in the same depressed state; scarcely any sales reported, except small parcels at very low prices. The weather having become propitious to the vintage has a very unfavourable effect upon brandies.

Oils.-There are no direct arrivals from the Greenland fisheries; a vessel has however arrived at Bremen, a full ship, and reports favourably as to the general suc cess.

The prices of Whale oil, which had advanced, have again given way.

Tobacco. There is a great improvement in the demand for tobacco; the purchases are considerable, but at very low prices.

Tallow.-Foreign tallow has become heavy, yellow candle, 45s. 6d. and 46s. The town market is quoted 48s. 6d., which is the same as last week:

FOREIGN COMMERCE.

Riga, June 22.-Flax has been sold at 37 r.; Thiesenhausen and Druiania Rackthe following prices:-Marienburg__ cut, itzer white, 41 r.; grey, 39 r.; Badstub cut, 36 r.; Risten Threeband, 28 to 29 r.; Tow 14 r.-Hemp, rather lower this week. Ukraine, clean, 112 r.; Polish ditto, 117r.; Ukraine Outshot, 82 r.; Polish ditto, 91 to 90 r.; Ukraine Pass, 72 r.; Polish, 79 to 78 r. at which prices there were still sellers. Torse 49 to 50 r.-Hemp Oil is to be had at 95 r.-Pot-ashes, of good quality, held at 100 r.-Tallow, yellow crown, lately 150 r., is now held at 151 r.; for white

:

crown, 154 r. are asked, 137 r. have been paid for soap-tallow.-Seeds, dull of sale, especially the inferior qualities.-In Colonial goods very little is doing; raw sugars have been without demand for some time, and even refined little inquired after.

June 29.-Hemp-oil was to be bought this week at 94 r.; fine Polish Potashes at 95 r. In other articles no alteration.

Hamburgh, July 14.-Cotton has been in some request; we have fresh supplies of East India. Coffee, in demand, without change of price.-Rice maintains its price, though we have fresh arrivals.-Tea. Nothing has been sold this week, yet the holders are rather more firm.-Sugar. So little has been doing this week in Hamburg refined, that the prices, low as they are, hardly kept up. This, of course, affected English Lumps, fit for our refineries, and the price of good strong middling was accordingly depressed to 104d. and 10d. Raw sugars are still duller, and the prices nearly nominal. Only dry white middling and fine Brazil and Havannah, being in some request for exportation, remain pretty steady at 10 d. to 12 d. and 12 d. to 134d; while the inferior descriptions, though we

are quite out of several kinds of brown, as Jamaica and Domingo, are very low; large parcels of yellow and brown Havannah have been sold at 63d. to 73d.

Copenhagen, July 10.-Our corn prices are rising.

Rotterdam, July 18.-The new law on the finances, by which a more liberal system of foreign commerce is to be introduced, has at length passed both Chambers, after very warm and protracted debates, and by very small majorities. We hope that it will prove highly advantageous, though all the southern provinces are unfortunately dissatisfied with it, regarding it as the death blow to the manufacturing interests of those provinces, and calculated only to promote the advantage of the great Dutch merchants. We flatter ourselves that it will turn out to be otherwise. When the new tarif is published, we shall see whether the King's promise that foreigners shall find it most to their interest to receive their goods through the Netherlands, will be fulfilled. The transit duties will certainly be lowered; whether that on twist will be under one per cent. is uncertain. Some persons speak of one-half per cent., but we do not believe it.

Three more Cantos of Don Juan are expected to appear in a few Days.

A new Tragedy, by Lord Byron, is just arrived in England.

Retrospection, a Tale, by Mrs. Taylor, of Ongar, is in the Press.

The Miscellaneous Tracts of the late Wm. Withering, MD. FRS. &c. &c. with a Memoir of the Author, by Wm. Withering, Esq. FLS. &c. &c. embellished with a Portrait of Dr. Withering, in two vols. 8vo. nearly ready.

The Speeches of the Right Hon. Henry Grattan, with a Memoir by his Son, in four Vols. 8vo.

Mr. E. Ball of Norwich has in the Press the Sibyl's Warning, a Novel, in two Volumes.

Letters from Wetzlar, written in 1817, developing the authentic Particulars on which the Sorrows of Werter are founded; to which is annexed, the Stork or the Herald of Spring, a Poem, by Major James Bell, East York Militia.

The Rev. John Campbell will shortly publish a Narrative of his Second Tour in South Africa, undertaken at the Request of the London Missionary Society.

A Second Series of Sermons, in manuscript Character, for the Use of Young Divines and Candidates for Holy Orders, will be published, by the Rev. R. Warner, Rector of Great Chalfield, Wilts, and Author of "Sermons on the Epistles and

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A Member of the late Salter's Hall Congregation has in the Press a Work, in one Vol. 8vo. addressed to the Old Members of that Society, in which some of the Errors of the Rev. Dr. Collyer are stated and corrected.

The Essentials of Geography, or Geography adapted to the most essential Maps of modern Geography; and also to the Maps of Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, and Canaan, by the Author of Essentials of English Grammar.

The History and Life of Johnny Quæ Genus, the Little Foundling, a Poem, in Eight Monthly Numbers, with coloured Engravings by Rowlandson, by the Author of the Three Tours of Dr. Syntax.

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Lectures on Botany, by Anthony Todd Thomson, Esq. FLS.

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Prudence and Principle, a Tale, by the Author of Rachel, will appear in a few Days.

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