Caput xxxiv. 1738. ver. 13. 17371 Et fummo ftudio dolos ftruxerunt, fraudem machinati funt. 3. pl. fut. 2. fp. A. 7 prop. fruxit, longa ferie nexuit: Hinc ftruxit fraudem, nexuit dolos, machinatus eft necem, cum dolo circumvenit, ut in hoc loco. To contrive mischief, to contrive the ruin and deftruction of a perfon." Here likewise we meet with a very long criticism, for which the work itself must be confulted. Exodi, Caput xxix. 2697. ver. 33. Expiatus fuit, expiatio facta est, præt. 75 expiabitur, 3 fing. m. fut. 4. fp. expiare, purificare, inf. expiationem fac. imp. 3. fp. D כפר A expiavit peccatum, propitiavit pro peccatore aut reo. It may be proper juft to obferve, that as fome learned men have infifted that the Hebrews in fact have only one conjugation, therefore this Author has chofen to diftinguifh what are frequently confidered as diftinctconjugations, by the word species; and this is to be understood by 1. fp. 4. fp. &c. with which any verb in this Clavis is followed. ART. II. A Chronological History of the Weather and Seafons, and of the prevailing Difeafes in Dublin. With their various Periods, Succeffions and Revolutions, during the Space of 40 Years. With a comparative View of the Difference of the Irish Climate and Difeafes, and thofe of England and other Countries. By John Rutty, M. D. 8vo. 6 s. Robinfon and Roberts. 1770. T O form an abstract of a work of this nature, would be at once useless and unentertaining. We shall therefore only lay before our Readers the fummary of our Author's obfervations as drawn up by himself: I fhall now, fays Doctor Rutty, fum up, from a fynoptic table which I drew from the preceding hiftory of the feafons and difeafes, the respective numbers of the times in the feveral feafons, in which fome of the most notable of our prevailing difeafes were obferved, which, as far as the evidence afforded by thofe obfervations made in Dublin for 36 years, viz. from 1725 to 1761 inclufive, can be allowed, may furnish fome conclufions of use and importance; conclufions drawn not by idle and random guefies, but by fair in duction duction from facts, minuted down, and faithfully related, with a fole view to the discovery of truth. We find then in the foregoing history, and the continuation of it to the year 1761 inclufive, ift. That agues or intermittent fevers were obferved, 2dly. Coughs, colds, and catarrhs were obferved, times. Summer 45 In fpring 24 times. Winter Autumn times. Autumn 11 times. Winter 18 Autumn }} times. Autumn 2 } times. Summer 6 3dly. Tumors, inflammations, and excoriations, affecting the face, eyes, ears, mouth, and jaws, were obferved, In fpring 11 Summer cotimes. • From all which, it abundantly appears, that the fpring feafon, more than any other, is attended by coughs and defluxions, even more than the winter; and undoubtedly the N. and E. winds, ufually then predominant, have a principal share in this. It also appears that intermittent fevers are a true vernal disease, even according to the poet, "Each feafon doth its poifon bring, Rheums chill the winter, agues blaft the fpring." But this wants a comment; for affuredly, according to what has been obferved in Dublin during the period above-mentioned, the fpring is confiderably more productive of defluxions than the winter; and therefore the first comes rather nigro carbone notanda to invalids than winter, whofe blafts are generally tempered from the weft and fouth. • Agreeable to this, are the following obfervations concerning fore throats, pleurifies, and the meazles, from which the cough is infeparable, viz. 4thly. Sore throats and quinfies in the above fynopfis were ob 8thly. Fevers low, nervous, putrid, petechial, and miliary, In fpring 3 }} times. Autumn I Winter 3 }} times. COR. The diarrhoea is plainly an autumnal disease. COR. The dyfentery is alfo an autumnal difeafe. Autumn Winter 3} times. 11thly. The cholera morbus is noted, o In fpring times. And to conclude, I fhall here fubjoin a comparison of the epidemic diseases of Dublin and Paris with regard to the feafons, from obfervations published in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy, from the year 1746 to 1752; from whence it will appear, that notwithftanding the difference of the climate in both places, there is a greater fimilarity in the prevailing difeafes, and a more conftant connexion between thefe and the feafons, than might be imagined: for it appears, from a like fummary review of the obfervations mentioned made in Paris, 1. That pleurifies, peripneumonies, and inflammations of the breaft, occur moft in winter and spring, not in fummer, more rarely in autumn. 2. Catarrhs, colds, and coughs, occur in both places in all feafons, but leaft in fummer; though even in this feafon, when it proves very moift, a fudden change to cold commonly introduces them and in the French registry they are much more prevalent in moist, than in dry feafons; the watry vapours in moist fogs, and otherwife, being more plentifully imbibed by the venæ bibulæ, difperfed over the external and internal furface of the body. 3. The Parisian and Dublin registries agree in making intermittent fevers to be a fpring difeafe; for at Paris, as well as here, they are comparatively rare in winter, but become frequent through the fpring months. In Paris also they are rare in fummer until Auguft, and continue frequent through autumn; and it is obferv able, that their intermittents were much more frequently attended with fair and dry weather than with exceffive moisture. 4. Putrid or malignant fevers occur in moft months of the year in the French registry, as well as ours; but it is obfervable, that the fevers that pafs under this denomination in theirs, occur more in dry than in moist weather. 5. Their catarrhous fevers were mostly attended with moisture. 6. Dyfenteries in the French regiftry scarce appear in fpring or fummer; but infeft chiefly the autumnal months, or at leaft from Auguft to November inclufive: and moreover it is obfervable in the French registry, as well as by fome late obfervations in Dublin, that this difcafe is much more frequently accompanied by hot and dry than moist weather; a probable argument that it is not fo much owing to a toppage of perfpiration as to inflammation and an exaltation of the juices to a more acrid flate in hot and dry weather, although the autumnal feafon advancing, and attended with a de create crease in the perfpiration, muft undoubtedly determine the humours more to the bowels: and to this the two following obfervations feem to agree, viz. 7. Diarrhoeas prevail chiefly in the autumnal months in both regiftries, from August to November inclufive; are lefs frequent in winter; rare in fpring and fummer, as is obferved above concerning dyfenteries, and diarrhoeas; alfo in the French registry are much more frequently attended with hot and dry weather than an excess of moisture. 8. In the French registry scarce any inftance occurs of an epidemic cholic in winter or fpring, but in fummer and the beginning of autumn; chiefly in Auguft and September, in hot and dry weather. These last observations agree with thofe made in a different climate, even thofe of the divine old man in his books de Morbis Epidemicis, viz. "Cholerica affectiones magis æftate fiunt: æftate & autumno lienteriæ, dyfenterie, tenefmi & alvi profluvia." We have, after this, a continuation of fimilar obfervations for feven years more. From which our Author deduces the following corollaries, with refpect to the ftate of the winds, and likewife with refpect to the difeafes which occurred during the feveral feasons : 1. That the S. W. and W. winds are the two grand trade winds, or reigning winds, of this ifland, blowing moft in fummer, autumn, and winter, least in spring; and yet even in fpring they prevail fufficiently to temper, in a good meafure, the pernicious blafts from the E. and N. 2. The eastern winds are almoft equal in fpring and fummer, and near double to what they are in autumn and winter. 3. The N. E. wind blows moft in fpring, and near double to what it does in autumn and winter. 4. The N. wind blows moft in fpring, leaft in winter. Thus far do the obfervations of the last feptenary agree to all thofe made from 1716 to 1765 inclufive: but one difference appears, that in the laft feptenary the north winds prevail confiderably above the fouth; whereas in two of the four other registries the fouth prevails above the north. 5. But all registries agree in this, that the S. E. and N. W. winds are nearly equal, and come next in number to the S. W. and W. Having fo far furveyed the ftate of the feafons with regard to the winds during the laft feven years, I fhall proceed next to A review of the difeafes attending, from which it appears, 1. That colds or catarrhs abound most in the fpring months. 2. Coughs attend the spring nearly as much as the winter. 3. Ophthalmies and inflammations in the fauces and neighbouring parts, more in fpring than any other season. 4. Confumptions more in fpring than any other feafon. 5. Pleurifies and peripneumonies, moft in fpring, next in winter. Sydenham places the pleurify between fpring and fummer. 6. Sore throats and quinzies in these last seven years were found most in autumn and winter; but this does not agree to the ac count count given in my review of the preceding thirty years above, which place fore throats chiefly in fpring; and Sydenham places the angina between fpring and fummer: but it is probable that a little more accuracy in the accounts might reconcile the difference. Sydenham's angina affects the organs of refpiration, as well as deglutition; this occurs much feldomer than the flighter fort, affecting only the deglutition, and commonly called fore throat. 7. Agues and intermittent fevers are found chiefly in the spring. 8. The cholera morbus most in summer. 9. Inflammations in the bowels moft in fummer. 10. Dyfenteries most in autumn and fummer. · 11. Diarrhœas most in autumn. 12. Afthmas most in winter. 13. Miliary fevers equally in fpring, fummer, and autumn. 14. The low petechial fever leaft in fpring, which is agreeable to former obfervations: and moreover, that this kind of fever fometimes proves benign, appears in the above records of the winter 1761, and of the autumn 1762, and 1764, compared with 1725, 1728, and 1734; as does alfo the miliary, as appears from the above accounts in autumn 1763, and in spring and fummer 1764, and in spring and autumn 1765. 15. The rheumatism and rheumatic fevers appeared in the laft feven years moft in winter from this review, of which period it appears that most of these obfervations agree perfectly to those of a much longer feries of time above, which may ferve as a reciprocal confirmation of the truth of both.' ART. III. An Inquiry into the Efficacy of warm Bathing in Palfies. By R. Charleton, M. D. Phyfician to the General Hofpital at Bath. At the Clarendon Prefs, Oxford, and fold by B. White in London. 8vo. I s. 6d. 1770. R. Mead, in his Monita et Præcepta Medica, exprefly declares, that warm bathing is prejudicial to all paralytics. His words are, calidæ vero immerfiones omnibus paralyticis nocent. The prefent Inquiry contains an ample defence of the Bath waters, and their external ufe, againft this declaration of Dr. Mead. Since the eftablishment, fays Dr. Charleton, of our hofpital at Bath, I have seen fo many and fuch manifeft proofs of the virtue of thefe waters in paralytic cafes, that, as I am fully convinced myfelf of Dr. Mead's mistake, I have thought it my duty to communicate to the public the grounds of my conviction further urged thereto by the notoriety that nervous difeafes are continually advancing; the palfy, which formerly ufed to be for the moft part the attendant of worn-out nature, being, in our days, become, but too frequently, the miferable companion of youth. By a claufe in the act of parliament for the better regulation of this charity, it is enacted, that no patient shall be admitted till his cafe has been drawn up by fome perfon in the place, |