weeks after the Author had fuccessfully performed the operation for the bubonocele, a true aneurifm, proceeding from an internal cause, appeared under the ham on the left fide. At the dif tance of about eleven weeks, the tumor being then of the fize of a pullet's egg, another aneurism of the fame kind fuddenly made its appearance under the right ham, and in the space of two days had acquired the fame bulk with the firft. All poffibility of faving the life of the patient, by amputating the two thighs, was precluded by the appearance of a third aneurism in the right groin, which was obferved within a week after the laft. Two others appeared at the fame time: one, in the middle of the crural artery, and the other, two fingers breadth lower. Of these five aneurifms, the firft and the three laft continued without any fenfible increase, or pain, till the death of the patient. The bulk, however, of the fecond, continually augmented, and the pulfation of the tumor became at laft fo ftrong, as to throw off a weight of four pounds, placed level upon it, after the third or fourth pulfation. After a long courfe of the moft Inexpreffible torture, the tumor, by which the bulk of the thigh was enlarged feventeen inches, at last broke, at the distance of about eighteen weeks from its first appearance, and the hæmorrhage, after having been thrice stopped by means of the tourniquet, burst forth afrefh, and put an end to the life and fuffer ings of the patient; on the day preceding whofe death, a fixth aneurifin appeared on the upper part of the oppofite thigh. The appearances on diffection were fuch as have been obferved on fimilar occafions. The crural artery itfelf, the ligaments, mufcles, tendons, periofleum, and even the greatest part of the bone in the neighbourhood of the tumor were intirely deftroyed; the whole tumor confifting of nothing more than an unformed mafs of coagulated blood, of different degrees of confiftence: but the principal fingularity of the cafe confifts in this; that these tumors came on without any affignable internal or external cause," and after the patient had been fubjected to the most exact regimen, on account of the hernia which had immediately preceded their formation.

This memoir contains likewife fome ingenious obfervations on the falfe aneurism, or that in which the artery has been per forated by a sharp inftrument: and fome inftances are given of the eafy and effectual cure of that diforder, obtained by means of an artificial compreffion of the aneurismal tumor, produced by an inftrument invented by the Author, which is formed on the principles of Petit's tourniquet, and is here described and delineated.

MEMOIR V. Obfervations on a particular fpecies of Aneurism. This is a tranflation of Dr. Hunter's excellent papers publifhed in the two firft volumes of the Medical. Obfervations and

Anquiries,

Enquiries, on a particular species of aneurism, (if it may be fo called) firft obferved by him, and which is formed by anaftomofis, or in which there is a communication between the cavities of the artery and vein, in confequence of an injury received from bleeding in the bend of the arm. A tranflation likewise of Dr. Cleghorn's very ingenious and accurate relation of a cafe of the fame nature, published in the third volume of that work, is here fubjoined.

MEMOIR VI. A differtation on Hermaphrodites.

In 1750, the Author published this differtation at London, in the English language, on occafion of the the two fuppofed hermaphrodites fhewn there about that time. He has here enriched it with several very confiderable additions. With preceding writers, he claffes hermaphrodites under four divifions; male, female, perfect, and imperfect. The two first poffefs the organs of their respective denominations compleat: while thofe of the contrary fex appear in an imperfect ftate. In the third, the organs and faculties of the two fexes are compleatly united; and in the laft they are both manqués, or imperfect. The exiftence of the third clafs, or of the perfect hermaphrodites, has been ftrongly difputed. The Author does not undertake to decide the point; but produces inftances from various writers, which, if they are to be depended upon, put the affirmative fide of the queftion out of all doubt.

In the year 1663 two young perfons, in the kingdom of Valentia, were married, and in a very fhort time got each other with child. They were found guilty, by the proper tribunal, of the most abominable crime, and condemned to be burnt.It seems that, an hundred years ago, it was as dangerous in Spain to be an hermaphrodite, as to be an heretic. When the officers of juftice were leading the culprits to the place of execution Dr. Lawrence Matheu, a Spanish doctor, to whom the cafe had been referred, very tardily, but opportunely, decided in their favour. Opinor, fays this profound Cafuift and Theologian, quod licitè utroque fexu uti poterant, virtute poteftatis acquifita per matrimonium; cum facti fuiffent duo in carne unâ, ad finem naturalis prolis, et ad finem remedii incontinentiæ.Theological cafuiftry has not always been employed to fo good a purpose, as it was in the prefent cafe by the good Dr. Ma

theu.

A case of a somewhat fimilar kind is given, relating to a young lady of quality in Italy, and a Francifcan friar, her ghoftly director. An intercourfe was established between them, by no means of a fpiritual kind, in confequence of which the monk became pregnant, was delivered of a female child, and died in child- bed. We are not told whether this precious pair, Like the preceding couple, were fo compleatly hermaphroditioal REV. Jan. 1770.

as

as to form a partie quarrée between them, as a couple of fnails. are known to do on the like occafions. The young lady, who was the fruit of this union, lived at Paris thirty years ago; where fhe wrote the hiftory of the lady her father, and the monk her mother. A ftrange hiftory for a young lady, and a daughter, to write! The Author informs us, that he has feen and perused the manufcript; but does not know whether it has ever yet been printed.

Several well-written and circumftantial defcriptions are given of the male, female, and imperfect hermaphrodites, illuftrated by fix plates; two of which are originals, and reprefent fubjects which have fallen under the Author's infpection. The others are copied from Columbus and others. The Author gives fome interefting extracts from a manufcript paper of the late M. le Cat, where we find the celebrated hiftory of Marie le Marcis prettily told. This heteroclite being, who was toffed backward and forward between the two fexes, and at last was not allowed to fettle in either of them, continued in the female class till fifteen; when he began to find herself improving, or degenerating, we know not which to call it-into a man. At twenty, The changed her name of Mary, by giving it a mafculine termination, to that of Marin; at which time fhe put on the dress likewife of a man, and fo fatisfactorily convinced even a widow, named Jane le Fevre, of the propriety of thefe changes, as to induce her to marry him. The harmony of this loving couple, however, was foon interrupted by the police. A court of examining phyficians, furgeons and matrons, declared Marin to be a female, and on their report, notwithstanding the proofs offered by Jane le Fevre his wife, of his fufficiency, much fuperior to that of her former husband, he (Marin) was condemned to be hanged, and afterwards burnt. All this, it is to be obferved, paffed in the beginning of the last century, when it was the fashion likewife in France to burn hermaphrodites. An appeal was made to the parliament of Rouen. Nine out of ten of a new set of examiners pronounced poor Marin to be a female. Dr. Jaques Duval, who has left us a large work on this fubject, alone ftood forth, like the good Dr. Matheu, and maintained against his colleagues the virility of Marin. The former fentence was annulled: but, in confequence of the opinion of the majority, Marie le Marcis was fentenced to refume her female habit, and forbid, under pain of death, to exercife her bifarious talents with either of the two fexes.

Befides the numerous cafes which the Author has collected, he prefents us with a particular defcription of two imperfect hermaphrodites which he had the opportunity of examining. The fingular cafe of Anne, otherwife Jean Baptifle Grand Jean, which lately made fo much noife at Paris, is likewife given.

But

But those who choose to grope deeper into thefe matters, and to follow dame Nature, fporting in a frifky mood, through all her ftrange vagaries in this part of the human frame, we must refer to the work itself, or to the lift, at the end of this memoir, of 176 authors, whom they may confult on this fubject.

MEMOIR VII. On Hernias of the Omentum.

The treatment of hernias, in general, is a branch of furgery to which, it appears, the Author has applied himself for the fpace of 50 years paft, with the greatest affiduity, and, to use his own impaffioned terms, avec un goût décidé, & une affection paffionnée. Mr. Arnaud may indeed be confidered as a herniary furgeon ex traduce; as the ftudy of this particular class of dif orders has, he informs us, been cultivated in his family for the fpace of 200 years paft. A part of the fruits of his own extenfive experience in this part of furgery appeared at London in the year 1748, under the title of A Differtation on Hernias or Ruptures, of which this long and excellent memoir, which oc cupies near three fourths of the second part of this work, may be confidered as a continuation; which is the more valuable, as it is free from thofe unmeaning, inefficacious, and, some of them, coftly and operofe compofitions which, we may venture to fay, do not add to the credit of his former performance, and which indicate an uncommon degree of credulity in the powers of certain medicines, very unaccountable in fo accurate an ob ferver. Time, and the Author's large experience on more than twenty thousand subjects [Appendix to the 2d part, page 2.] have probably by this time convinced him of the abfolute inefficacy of the specifics to which we allude, and which he has there re commended. Nor fhould we have taken notice of them in this place, had the Author, in this work, retracted his commendations of them, and did we not apprehend that the high terms in which he speaks of fome of these noftrums might induce readers of a certain clafs to place a confidence in them, to which they might think them entitled on the recommendation of fo abie and experienced a writer; to the neglect of more efficacious methods of relief, in a disorder in which a fmail delay may fometimes prove fatal.

This memoir is divided into two fections, in the first of which the Author gives an anatomical and phyfiological account of the nature, fituation and ufe of the omentum: in the latter, the different hernias or defcents of that fubftance, and the method of reducing them are defcribed, and illuftrated by a great variety of cafes and obfervations, drawn up in an accurate, masterly, and inftructive manner. A regular account of the contents of this memoir, confidering the narrow limits in which it must neceffarily be comprifed, would be unfatisfactory to practitioners, and unintelligible as well as uninterefting to our other Readers. We

C 2

fball

fhall only, as a fpecimen, give the fubftance of one fingular cafe here related, which may not perhaps be liable to these objections.

The truth of a cafe related by the Author in the second part of his Differtation on Hernias above-mentioned [page 292, Englifh Edition] having been contefted, in which an old hernia, of a moft immoderate bulk, is faid to have been reduced by his father and himself, in confequence of a particular regimen, &c. the Author here circumftantially relates a fimilar and well authenticated cure effected by him, in this country, by the fame means; to which an eminent phyfician now living was an eyewitnefs. The patient had been subject to a compleat hernia ever fince his childhood. At the age of fixty-fix he was recommended to the Author by Dr. Plunkett. For fixteen years preceding the cure, the prolapsed parts had remained conftantly in the foretum, where they had gradually acquired fuch a bulk, as to measure thirty-two inches in circumference throughout the whole length of the tumour, which extended to the lower extremity of the thigh. Mr. Chefelden had pronounced it abfolutely incurable, on account of the adhesions which he justly fuppofed it had acquired with the neighbouring parts. Not to offend the delicacy, or tire the patience of our Readers, we pafs over the Author's detail of the many painful and difagreeable fymptoms arising from the preternatural fituation of fo large a quantity of the inteftines and omentum, as conftituted the enor mous bulk of this tumour; in which, the symptoms appeared to indicate that the largest part of the bladder was likewife included. Dr. Watfon having been called in, in confultation with Dr. Plunkett and the Author, the following regimen and courfe of medicines were propofed by the latter, and affented to by the two physicians, who apparently did not place much confidence in the efficacy which the Author attributed to them.

The patient was ordered to be blooded, and, for his whole fuftenance, was allowed only two quarts of water in a day, except that an indulgence was tacked to it of a pint of tea. Thus much for the ingefta. On the other hand, fix grains of calomel were directed to be exhibited every morning, and an emollient and opening glyfter every night. A purgative infusion of senna was likewife prefcribed to be taken every third day. A mercurial plaifter was directed to be applied to the tumor, and an oily embrocation to the abdomen. In this dépauperating and attenuating course the patient, with great conftancy, we fhould fay, courageoufly, perfevered, were we not told that his ftrength and fpirits fenfibly increased, and that he found himself brifk and happy under it. To this change, no doubt, the evident diminution and foftening of the tumor did not a little contribute. The Author had enjoined the patient a perfeverance of fifteen