modes of conducting war, 145. Are not deftitute of courage and fortitude, 147. Incapable of military difcipline, 149. Their treatment of prifoners, 151. Their fortitude under tor- ture, 152. Never eat human flesh but to gratify revenge. 156. How the South Americans treated their prifoners, 157. Their military education, 158. Strange method of chufing a captain, among the Indians on the banks of the Orinoco, 159. Their numbers wafted by continual wars, 162. Their tribes new re- cruit their numbers by adopting prifoners, 163. Are never for- midable in war, to more polifhed nations, 165. Their arts, drefs, aud ornaments, 166. Their habitations, 170. Their arms, 174. Their domeftick utenfils, 175. Construction of their canoes, 176. The liftleffnefs with which they apply to labour, 177. Their religion, 180. Some tribes altogether deftiture of ány, 183. Remarkable diversity in their religious notions, 188. Their ideas of the immortality of the foul, 191. Their modes of burial, 193. Why their phyficians pretend to be conjurers, 195. Their love of dancing, 199. Their immoderate paffion for gaming, 203. Are extremely addicted to drunkennefs, 204. Put their aged aad incurable to death, 209. General estimate of their chara&er, 210. Their intelle&ual powers, 211. Their political talents, 213. Powers of affection, 215. Hardness of heart, 216. Their in- fenfibility, 217. Taciturnity, 219. Their cuning, 220. Their virtues, 222. Their fpirit of independence, ibid. Fortitude. ibid. Attachment to their community, 223. Their fatisfaction with their own condition, 224. General caution with refpe& to this inquiry, 228. Two diftinguishable claffes of, 230, Ex- ceptions as to their character, 231. Their characteristick features defcribed, 454. Inftances of their perfevering speed, 456. An antipathy induftrioufly encouraged between them and the ne groes in America, by the Spaniards, iii. 292. Their present condition, 293. How taxed, 294. Stated fervices demanded from them, 295. Mode of exa&ting thefe fervices, 296. How governed, 297. Protector of the Indians, his function, 298. Reasons why fo fmall a progrefs is made in their converfion, 3II.
Amerigo Vefpucci publifhed the first written account of the New World, and hence gave name to America, i. 197. His claim as difcoverer examined, 362.
Anacoana, a female cazique of Hifpaniola, her bafe and cruel ufage by the Spaniards, i. 236.
Andes, ftupendous height and extent of that range of mountains, ii. 4. Their height compared with other mountains, 433. Gon- zalo Pizarro's remarkable expedition over, iii. 81.
Animals, large, very few found in America at its first difcovery, ii. 18, 19.
Ancients, caufe of the imperfe&ion of the art of navigation among them, i. 5. Their geographical knowledge extremely confined 330-336. Arabians peculiarly attached to the study of geography, i. 36. Argonauts, the expedition of, why fo famous among the Greeks, ii. 13.
Arithmetick, or computation, the art of, hardly known to the na- tive Americans, ii. 87.
Afcolino, father, his extraordinary miffion to the prince of the Tartars, i. 42.
Afiatick difcoveries made by the Ruffians, ii. 38.
Affiento trade, the nature of, explained, iii. 344, 345. The frauds in, and how put an end to, 347.
Atahualpa, is left by his father Huafcar his fucceffor in the king- dom of Quito, iii, 22. Defeats his brother Huafcar, and ufurps the empire of Peru, 23. Sends prefents to Pizarro, 25. Vi. fits Pizarro, 29. Is perfidiously feized by him. 31. Agrees with Pizarro on a ransom, 32, Is refufed his liberty, 37. His behaviour, during his confinement, 38-40. A form of tria lbestowed on him, 41. Is put to death, 42, 43. Comparison of authorities relating to his tranfactions with, and treatment by, Pizarro, 390.
Audience of New Spain, board of, established by the Emperor Charles V.ii. 427. Courts of, their jurifdition, iii. 273-276. Averia, a Spanish tax for convoy to and from America, when first impofed, iii. 467. Its rate, ibid.
Azores, thofe iflands difcovered by the Portuguese, i.166.
Balboa, Vafco Nugnez de, fettles a colony at Santa Maria, in the gulph of Darien, i. 256. Receives intelligence of the rich coun- try of Peru, 263. His character, 266. Marches across the isth- mus, 267. Difcovers the Southern Ocean, 269. Returns, 271. Is fuperfeded in his command by the appointment cf Pedrarias Davila, 272. Is fined by Pedrarias for former tranfa&tions, 274. Is appointed lieutenant governor of the countries on the South Sea, and marries Pedrarias's daughter, 277. Is arrefted and put to death by Pedrarias, 279,
Bark, Jefuits, a production peculiar to Peru, iii. 324.
Barrere, his defciption of the construction of Indian houses, ii. 489.
Behaim, Martin, the honour of having discovered America falfely. afcribed to him by fome German authors, i. 352. Account of him and his family, ibid.
Behring and Tfchirikow, Ruffian navigators, thought to have dif covered the north-weft extremity of America from the eastward, ii. 39. Uncertainty of their accounts, 451.
Benalcazar, governor of St. Michael, reduces the kingdom of Quito, iii. 48. Is deprived of his command by Pizarro, 81. Benjamin the Jew of Todela, his extraordinary travels, i. 41. Bernaldes, inftance of the bravery of the Caribbees mentioned by him, ii. 497.
Bethencourt, John de, a Norman baron, conquers and poffeffes the Canary Islands, i. 49.
Birds, in America, their flight often ftretch to an immense dif- tance from land, i. 344. an account of thofe natural to it, ii. 21. Bogota in America, fome account of the inhabitants of, ii. 134. Caufes of their tame fubmiffion to the Spaniards, 137. Their religious doctrines and rites, 189.
Bojador, cape, the first discovery of, i. 55. Is doubled by the Portuguefe difcoveries, 60,
Boffu, his account of the American war-fong, ii. 483.
Bovadilla, Francis de, fent to Hifpaniola to inquire into the conduct of Columbus, i. 204. Sends Columbus home in irons, 206. Is degraded, 209. 213.
Bougainville. his defence of the Periplus of Hanno, i. 330. Bouguer, M. his character of the native Peruvians, ii. 462. Brafil, the coaft of, difcovered by Alvarez Cabral, i, 200.' Re- marks on the climate of, ii. 439.
Bridges, Peruvian, defcribed, iii. 426.
Buenos Ayres, in South America, fome account of that province, iii. 249.
Bulls, papal, of no force in Spanish America, before examined and approved by the royal council of the Indies, iii. 302. See Cruzado.
Burial of the dead, American mode of ii. 193.
Cabral, Alvarez, a Portuguefe commander, difcovers the coast of Bratil, i. 200.
Cacao, the best in quality, produced in the Spanifh American co- lonies, iii. 325. The preparation of chocolate from, derived from the Mexicans, 350.
Cadiz, the galeons and flota, removed thither from Seville, iii. 336.
California, the peninfula of, difcovered by Fernando Cortes, ii. 428. The true state of this country long unknown, iii. 239. Why depreciated by the Jefuits, 240. Favourable account of, given by Don Jofeph Galvez, ibid.
Californians, the character of, by P. Venegas, ii. 466.
Campeachy, difcovered by Cordova, who is repulfed by the na- tives, i. 317.
Campomanes, Don Pedro Rodriguez, chara&er of his political and commercial writings, iii. 461. His account of the produce of the Spanish American mines, 469.
Canary iflands erected into a kingdom by pope Clement VI. i. 49. Are conquered by John de Bethencourt, ibid. Cannibals, no people ever found to eat human flesh for fubfift- ence, though often for revenge, ii. 156, 484.
Canoes, American, the conftru&tion of, defcribed, ii. 176. Caraccas, establishment of the company trading to that coaft, iii. 351. Growth of the trade, 458.
Caribbee iflands, difcovered by Columbus in his fecond voyage, i. 151.
Caribbees, their spirit peculiarly fierce, ii, 232. Their character by M. de Chanvalon, 465. Probable conje&ture as to the dif- tinction in character between them and the natives of the larger iflands, 498.
Carpini, his extraordinary miffion to the prince of the Tartars, i. 42.
Carthagena, the harbour of, the safest and beft fortified of any in all the Spanish American dominions, iii. 253.
Carthaginians, ftate of commerce and navigation among, i. 10. The famous voyages of Hanno and Hamilco, 12.
Carvajal, Francifco de, contributes to Vaca de Caftro's victory over young Almagro, iii. 96. Encourages Gonzalo Pizarro to affume the government of Peru, 117. Advises Pizarro to affume the fovereignty of the country, 123, Is feized by Gafca and executed, 142.
Caftilo, Bernal Diaz del, character of his Hiftoria Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva Espagna, ii. 502.
Centeno, Diego, revolts from Gonzalo Pizarro to the viceroy of Peru, iii. 119. Is defeated. by Carvajal, and fecretes himself in a cave, 121. Sallies out and feizes Cuzco, 136. Is reduced by Pizarro, 137. Is employed by Gafca to make difcoveries in the regions about the rives Plata, 148.
Chanvalon, M. de, his character of the native Caribbees, ii. 465.
Chapetones, in the Spanifh American colonies, who thus diftin guifhed, iii. 287.
Charles II. king of Spain, established packed-boats between Spain and the colonies, iii. 355. Allows free trade to the windward iflands, 356. Grants the colonies a free trade with each other, 359. Charles V. emperor, fends Roderigo de Figueroa to Hifpaniola, as chief judge, to regulate the treatment of the Indians, i. 297. Canfes this fubject to be debated before him, 304. Equips a fquadron at the licitation of Ferdinand Magellan, ii. 408. Re- figns his claim on the Moluccas to the Portuguese, 414. Ap- points Cortes governor of New Spain, 416. Rewards him on coming home, 426. Eftablifhes a board called the Audience of New Spain, 427. His confutations on American affairs, ii. 98-100. Eftablishes new regulations, 103, 104. Chili, is invaded by Almagro, iii. 56. How fubjected by the Spa- niards, 244. Excellence of its climate and foil, ibid, 245. Cause of its being neglected, 246, Profpe&t of its improvement, 247. Chiquitos, political state of that people, from Fernandez, ii. 478. Chocolate, the ufe of, derived from the Mextcans, iii. 351. Cholula, in Mexico, arrival of Cortes there, with fome account of the town, ii. 295. A confpiracy aga nft Cortes difcovered, and the inhabitants deftroyed, 297.
Cicero, inftance of his ignorance in geography, i. 337. Cinaloa, political ftate of the people there, ii. 478. Their mode of living, 488. Are deftitute of all religion, 493. Extraordinary large grain of gold found there, iii. 427,
Cineguilla, in the province of Sonora, late difcoveries of rich mines made there by the Spaniards, iii. 238. Probable effects of thefe difcoveries, 239.
Clement VI. pope, ere&ts the Canary islands into a kingdom, i, 49. Climates, influenced by a variety of caufes, ii. 8. Their operation
on mankind, 228. Inquiry into the caufe of the different de- grees of heat in, 435, 436.
Cochineal, an important production, almoft peculiar to New Spain, iii. 324.
Cold, extraordinary predominance of, in the climate of America, ii. 8. Caufes of this peculiarity, ro. Colonies, Spanish American, view of the policy and trade of, iii. 259. Depopulation the first effect of them, ibid. Causes of this depopulation, 260. The fmall-pox very fatal to, 262. General iden of the Spanish policy in, 268. Early interpofition of the regal authority in, 269. An exclufive trade the first object in," 279. Compared with those of ancient Greece and Rome, 280. The great restrictious they are fubje&t to, 282. Slow progrefs of
« ElőzőTovább » |