Magellan, Ferdinand, his account of the gigantick fize of the Pa-
tagoniaus, ii. 77. The existence of this gigantick race yet to be
decided, 78, 459, 460. His introduction to the court of Caf-
tile, 407. Is equipped with a fquadron for a voyage of difco-
very, 408. Sails through the famous ftrait that bears his name,
410. Difcovers the Ladrone and Philippine iflands, 411. Is
killed, ibid.

Magnet, its property of attracting iron known to the ancients, but
not its polar inclination, i. 5. Extraordinary advantages refult
ing from this discovery, 46.

Malo, St. account of its commerce with Spanlfh America, iii.
343.

Manco Capac, founder of the Peruvian empire, account of, iii. 17,208.
Mandeville, Sir John, his eastern travels, with a character of his

writings, i. 45.

Manila, the colony of, eftablished by Philip II. of Spain, iii, 370,
Trade between, and South America, 37I.

Mankind, their difpofition and manners formed by their fituation,
ii. 29. Hence resemblances to be traced in very diftant places
without communication, 30. Have uniformly attained the great-
eft perfe&tion of their nature in temperate regions, 229.
Marco Polo, the Venetian, his extraordinary travels in the
Eaft, i. 44.

Mareft, Gabriel, his account of the country between the Iliinois
and Machilimakinac, ii. 474.

Marina, Donna, a Mexican flave, her hiftory, ii. 248.

Marinus, Tyrius, his erroneous pofition of China, i. 343.
Martyr, Peter, his fentiments on the first difcovery of Ame-
rica, i. 359.

Mestizos, in the Spanish American colonies, diftinction between
them and Mulattoes, iii. 290.

Metals, ufeful, the original natives of America totally unacquaint-
ed with, ii. 119.

Mexicans, their account of their own origin, compared with later
difcoveries, ii. 46. Their language furnished with refpe&ful
terminations for all its words, iii. 404. How they contributed to
the fupport of government, ibid, feq. Defcriptions of their hif-
torical pictures, 408-413. Various exaggerated accounts of
the number of human victims facrificed by them, 419-421.
Mexico, arrival of Fernando Cortes on the coaft of, ii. 247. His
interview with two Mexican officers, 250. Information sent to
Montezuma, with fome Spanish presents, 253. Montezuma fends
prefents to Cortes, with orders not to approach his capital, 254.
feq. State of the empire at that time, 256. The Zempoallans court
the friendship of Cortes, 271. Several caziques enter into al

liance with Cortes, 273. Chara&er of the natives of Tlafcala,
383. The Tlafcalans reduced to fue for peace, 288. Arrival of
Cortes at the capital city, 301. The city defcribed, 305.
Montezuma acknowledges himfelf a vaffal to the Spanish crown,
322. Amount of the treasure collected by Cortes, 324. Rea-
fons of gold being found in fuch fmall quantities, 326. The
Mexicans enraged by the imprudent zeal of Cortes, 328. Attack
Alvarado during the absence of Cortes, 347. Their refolute at-
tack on Cortes when he returned, 352. Death of Montezuma,
353. The city abandoned by Cortes, 358. Battle of Otumba,
365. The Tepeacans reduced, 371. Preparations of the Mexi
cans against the return of Cortes, 376. Cortes befieges the city
with a fleet on the lake, 388. The Spaniards repulfed in ftorm-
ing the city, 393, 394. Guatimozin taken prisoner, 402. Corteş
appointed governor, 416. His fchemes and arrangements, 418.
Inhuman treatment of the natives, ibid. Lift and character of
thofe authors who wrote accounts of the conqueft of, 500 - 505.
Reception of the new regulations there, iii. 106. A retrospe
into the form of government, policy, and arts In, 155.
Our
information concerning, very imperfect, 158. Origin of the
monarchy, 160. Number and greatnefs of the cities, 165. Me-
chanical profeffions there distinguished from each other, 167.
Diftin&tion of ranks, 168. Political inftitutions, 171. Power and
fplendor of their monarchs, 175. Order of government, ibid.
Provifion for the support of it, 176. Police of, 177. Their arts,
178. Their paintings, 18a. Their method of computing time,
185. Their wars continual and ferocious, 186. Their funeral
rites, 188 Imperfection of their agriculture, ibid. Doubts con-
cerning the extent of the empire, 190. Little intercourse among
its feveral provinces, 191. Ignorance of money, 192, 193. Statę
of their cities, 194. Temples and other publick buildings, 195.
196. Religion of, 202. Caufes of the depopulation of this coun-
try, 259. The fmall-pox very fatal there, 262. Number of In-
dian natives remaining there, 267. Defcription of the aquedu&
for the fupply of the capital city, 406. See Colonies.
Michael, St. the gulph of, in the South Sea, difcovered and
named by Balboa, i. 269. The colony of, established by Pizarro
iii. 22.

Migrations of mankind, why first made by land, i. I.

Mind, human, the efforts of it proportioned to the wants of the
body, ii. 91.

Mines of South America, the great inducement to population, iii.
317. Some account of, ibid. Their produce, 319. The fpirit
with which they are worked, 320. Fatal effects of this ardor,
322. Evidence of the pernicious effects of labouring in them,

442. Of Mexico, total produce of, to the Spanish revenue,
469.

Molucca Iflands, the Spanish claims on, fold by the Emperos
Charles V. to the Portuguese, ii. 414.

Monaftick, inftitutions, the pernicious effects of, in the Spanish
American colonies, iii. 304. Number of convents there, 445.
Monfoons, the periodical courfe of, when difcovered by naviga-
tors. i. 25.

Montefino. a Dominican preacher at St. Domingo, publicly re-
monftrates against the cruel treatment of the Indians, i. 284.
Montezuma, the first intelligence received by the Spaniards of this
prince, i. 322. Receives intelligence of the arrival of Fernando
Cortes in his dominions, ii. 253. His prefents to Cortes, 254.
Forbids him to approach his capital, 255. State of his empire
at this time, 256. His chara&er, 257. His perplexity at the
arrival of the Spaniards, ibid. His timid negociations with Cor-
tes, 259. His fcheme for deftroying Cortes at Cholula difco-
vered, 297. His irrefolute condu&, 300. His first interview.
with Cortes, 301. Is feized by Cortes, and confined to the
Spanish quarters, 311-314. Is fettered, 317. Acknowledges
himself a vaffal to the Spanish crown, 322. Remains inflexible
with regard to religion, 327. Circumstances of his death, 353.
Account of a gold cup of his, in England, iii. 407.
Mulattoes, in the Spanish American colonies, explanation of this
diftinction, iii. 290.

N

Narvaez, Pamphilo, is fent by Velafquez with an armament to
Mexico, to fuperfede Cortes, ii. 334. Takes poffeffion of
Zempoalla, 34I. Is defeated and taken prifoner by Coites,
346. How he carried on his correspondence with Montezuma,
519.

Natchez, an American nation, their political inftitutions, ii. 132.
Caufes of their tame fubmiffion to the Spaniards, 137. Their re-
ligious doctrines, 189.

Navigation, the arts of, very flowly improved by mankind, i. 2.
The knowledge of, prior to commercial intercourse, 3. 1m-
perfections of, among the ancients, 5. More improved by the
invention of the mariner's compass, than by all the efforts of
preceding ages, 46. The first naval discoveries undertaken by
Portugal, 50.

Negroes, their peculiar fituation under the Spanifh dominion in
America, iii. 291.

Newfoundland, its fituation defcribed, ii. 435.

New Holland, fome account of the country and inhabitants, ii.
473.

New Spain, difcovered and named by Juan de Grijalva, i. 321.
See Mexico.

Nigno, Alonfo, his voyage to America, i. 199.

Norwegians might in ancient times have migrated to, and colo
nized America, ii. 44.

Nugnez Vela, Blafco, appointed viceroy of Peru, to fenforce the
new ragulations, iii. 106. His character, III. Commits Vacade
Caftro to prifon, 112. Diffenfions between him and the court of
audience, 115. Is confined, 116. Recovers his liberty, 118. Re-
fumes his command, ibid. Is purfued by Gonzalo Pizarro. 119.
is defeated and killed by Pizarro, 120, 121.

Ocampo, Diego, fent with a fquadron from Hifpaniola to defolate
{ the country of Cumana, i. 310.

Ocampo, Sebaftian de, first fails round Cuba, and difcovers it to
be an island, i. 247.

Ocean, though adapted to facilitate the intercourfe between diftant
countries, continued long a formidable barrier, i. 2. See Com-
pafs and Navigation.

Ojeda, Alonzo de, his private expedition to the West Indies, i.
196. His fecond voyage, 211.
Obtains a government on the
continent, 252.

Olmedo, Father Bartholomew de, checks the rafh zeal of Cortes at
Tlafcala in Mexico, ii. 294. Is fent by Cortes to negociate with
Narvaez, 338.

Orellana, Francis, is appointed to the command of a bark built
by Gonzalo Pizarro, and deferts him. iii. 83. Sails down the
Maraguon, 84. Returns to Spain with a report of wonderful
difcoveries, ibid. Herrera's account of his voyage, 398.
Orgognez commands Almagro's party against the Pizarros, and is
defeated and killed by them, iii. 72. 73.

Orinoco, the great river of, discovered by Chriftopher Columbus,

i. 182. Strange method of chufing a captain among the Indian
tribes on the banks of, ii. 159. The amazing plenty of fish-
ing, 469.

Otaheite, the inhabitants of, ignorant of the art of boiling water,
ii. 491.

Otumba, battle of, between Cortes and the Mexicans, ii. 365.
Ovando, Nicholas de, is fent governor to Hifpaniola, i. 211. His
prudent regulations, 213. Refufes admiffion to Columbus, on
his fourth voyage, 218. His ungenerous behaviour to Colum-
bus, on his fhipwreck, 223, 227. Receives him at length, and
fends him home, 229. Engages in a war with the Indians, 233.
His cruel treatment of thein, 235. Encourages cultivation and
manufaЯures, 240. His method of trepanning the natives of
the Lucayos, 244. Is rec alled, 248.

P

Pacifick ocean, why, and by whom fo named, ii. 411.
Packet boats, first establishment of, between Spain and her Ame-
rican colonies, iii. 354.

Panama is fettled by Pedrarias Davila, i. 279, 280.

Parmenides, the first who divided the earth by zones, i. 339.
Patagonians, fome account of, ii. 77. The reality of their gi
gantick fize yet to be decided, 78, 459.

Pedrarias Davila is fent with a fleet to fuperfede Balboa in his go-
vernment of Santa Maria on the ifthmus of Darien, i. 272.
Treats Balboa ill, 274. Rapacious conduct of his men, 276. Is
reconciled to Balboa, and gives him his daughter, 277. Puts
Balboa to death, 279. Removes his fettlement from Santa Maria
to Panama, ibid.

Penguin, the name of that bird not derived from the Welch lan-
guage, i. 356.

Perez, Juan, patronifes Columbus at the court of Caftile, i. 96.

His folemn invocation for the fuccefs of Columbus's voyage, 108.
Periplus of Hanno, the authenticity of that work juftified, i. 329.
Peru, che first intelligence concerning this country, received by
Vafco Nugnez de Balboa, i. 263, 270. The coast of, first difco-
vered by Pizarro, iii. 6. Fizarro's fecond arrival, 13. His hof-
tile proceedings against the natives, 15. The colony of St.
Michael established, 16. State of the empire at the time of this
invasion, ibid. The kingdom divided between Huafcar and
Atahualpa, 20. Atahualpa ufurps the government, 21. Huafcar
folicits affiftance from Pizarro, 22. Atahualpa vifits Pizarro, 27.
Is feized by Pizarro, 30 feq. Agreement for his ranfom, 32. Is
refused his liberty, 37. Is cruelly put to death, 42, 43. Confufion
of the empire on this event, 44. Quito reduced by Benalca-
zar, 48. The city of Lima founded by Pizarro, 55. Chili in-
vaded by Almagro, 56. Infurrection of the Peruvians, 58. Al-
magro put to death by Pizarro. 75, Pizarro divides the coun-