Magellan, Ferdinand, his account of the gigantick fize of the Pa- tagoniaus, ii. 77. The existence of this gigantick race yet to be decided, 78, 459, 460. His introduction to the court of Caf- tile, 407. Is equipped with a fquadron for a voyage of difco- very, 408. Sails through the famous ftrait that bears his name, 410. Difcovers the Ladrone and Philippine iflands, 411. Is killed, ibid.
Magnet, its property of attracting iron known to the ancients, but not its polar inclination, i. 5. Extraordinary advantages refult ing from this discovery, 46.
Malo, St. account of its commerce with Spanlfh America, iii. 343.
Manco Capac, founder of the Peruvian empire, account of, iii. 17,208. Mandeville, Sir John, his eastern travels, with a character of his
Manila, the colony of, eftablished by Philip II. of Spain, iii, 370, Trade between, and South America, 37I.
Mankind, their difpofition and manners formed by their fituation, ii. 29. Hence resemblances to be traced in very diftant places without communication, 30. Have uniformly attained the great- eft perfe&tion of their nature in temperate regions, 229. Marco Polo, the Venetian, his extraordinary travels in the Eaft, i. 44.
Mareft, Gabriel, his account of the country between the Iliinois and Machilimakinac, ii. 474.
Marina, Donna, a Mexican flave, her hiftory, ii. 248.
Marinus, Tyrius, his erroneous pofition of China, i. 343. Martyr, Peter, his fentiments on the first difcovery of Ame- rica, i. 359.
Mestizos, in the Spanish American colonies, diftinction between them and Mulattoes, iii. 290.
Metals, ufeful, the original natives of America totally unacquaint- ed with, ii. 119.
Mexicans, their account of their own origin, compared with later difcoveries, ii. 46. Their language furnished with refpe&ful terminations for all its words, iii. 404. How they contributed to the fupport of government, ibid, feq. Defcriptions of their hif- torical pictures, 408-413. Various exaggerated accounts of the number of human victims facrificed by them, 419-421. Mexico, arrival of Fernando Cortes on the coaft of, ii. 247. His interview with two Mexican officers, 250. Information sent to Montezuma, with fome Spanish presents, 253. Montezuma fends prefents to Cortes, with orders not to approach his capital, 254. feq. State of the empire at that time, 256. The Zempoallans court the friendship of Cortes, 271. Several caziques enter into al
liance with Cortes, 273. Chara&er of the natives of Tlafcala, 383. The Tlafcalans reduced to fue for peace, 288. Arrival of Cortes at the capital city, 301. The city defcribed, 305. Montezuma acknowledges himfelf a vaffal to the Spanish crown, 322. Amount of the treasure collected by Cortes, 324. Rea- fons of gold being found in fuch fmall quantities, 326. The Mexicans enraged by the imprudent zeal of Cortes, 328. Attack Alvarado during the absence of Cortes, 347. Their refolute at- tack on Cortes when he returned, 352. Death of Montezuma, 353. The city abandoned by Cortes, 358. Battle of Otumba, 365. The Tepeacans reduced, 371. Preparations of the Mexi cans against the return of Cortes, 376. Cortes befieges the city with a fleet on the lake, 388. The Spaniards repulfed in ftorm- ing the city, 393, 394. Guatimozin taken prisoner, 402. Corteş appointed governor, 416. His fchemes and arrangements, 418. Inhuman treatment of the natives, ibid. Lift and character of thofe authors who wrote accounts of the conqueft of, 500 - 505. Reception of the new regulations there, iii. 106. A retrospe into the form of government, policy, and arts In, 155. Our information concerning, very imperfect, 158. Origin of the monarchy, 160. Number and greatnefs of the cities, 165. Me- chanical profeffions there distinguished from each other, 167. Diftin&tion of ranks, 168. Political inftitutions, 171. Power and fplendor of their monarchs, 175. Order of government, ibid. Provifion for the support of it, 176. Police of, 177. Their arts, 178. Their paintings, 18a. Their method of computing time, 185. Their wars continual and ferocious, 186. Their funeral rites, 188 Imperfection of their agriculture, ibid. Doubts con- cerning the extent of the empire, 190. Little intercourse among its feveral provinces, 191. Ignorance of money, 192, 193. Statę of their cities, 194. Temples and other publick buildings, 195. 196. Religion of, 202. Caufes of the depopulation of this coun- try, 259. The fmall-pox very fatal there, 262. Number of In- dian natives remaining there, 267. Defcription of the aquedu& for the fupply of the capital city, 406. See Colonies. Michael, St. the gulph of, in the South Sea, difcovered and named by Balboa, i. 269. The colony of, established by Pizarro iii. 22.
Migrations of mankind, why first made by land, i. I.
Mind, human, the efforts of it proportioned to the wants of the body, ii. 91.
Mines of South America, the great inducement to population, iii. 317. Some account of, ibid. Their produce, 319. The fpirit with which they are worked, 320. Fatal effects of this ardor, 322. Evidence of the pernicious effects of labouring in them,
442. Of Mexico, total produce of, to the Spanish revenue, 469.
Molucca Iflands, the Spanish claims on, fold by the Emperos Charles V. to the Portuguese, ii. 414.
Monaftick, inftitutions, the pernicious effects of, in the Spanish American colonies, iii. 304. Number of convents there, 445. Monfoons, the periodical courfe of, when difcovered by naviga- tors. i. 25.
Montefino. a Dominican preacher at St. Domingo, publicly re- monftrates against the cruel treatment of the Indians, i. 284. Montezuma, the first intelligence received by the Spaniards of this prince, i. 322. Receives intelligence of the arrival of Fernando Cortes in his dominions, ii. 253. His prefents to Cortes, 254. Forbids him to approach his capital, 255. State of his empire at this time, 256. His chara&er, 257. His perplexity at the arrival of the Spaniards, ibid. His timid negociations with Cor- tes, 259. His fcheme for deftroying Cortes at Cholula difco- vered, 297. His irrefolute condu&, 300. His first interview. with Cortes, 301. Is feized by Cortes, and confined to the Spanish quarters, 311-314. Is fettered, 317. Acknowledges himself a vaffal to the Spanish crown, 322. Remains inflexible with regard to religion, 327. Circumstances of his death, 353. Account of a gold cup of his, in England, iii. 407. Mulattoes, in the Spanish American colonies, explanation of this diftinction, iii. 290.
Narvaez, Pamphilo, is fent by Velafquez with an armament to Mexico, to fuperfede Cortes, ii. 334. Takes poffeffion of Zempoalla, 34I. Is defeated and taken prifoner by Coites, 346. How he carried on his correspondence with Montezuma, 519.
Natchez, an American nation, their political inftitutions, ii. 132. Caufes of their tame fubmiffion to the Spaniards, 137. Their re- ligious doctrines, 189.
Navigation, the arts of, very flowly improved by mankind, i. 2. The knowledge of, prior to commercial intercourse, 3. 1m- perfections of, among the ancients, 5. More improved by the invention of the mariner's compass, than by all the efforts of preceding ages, 46. The first naval discoveries undertaken by Portugal, 50.
Negroes, their peculiar fituation under the Spanifh dominion in America, iii. 291.
Newfoundland, its fituation defcribed, ii. 435.
New Holland, fome account of the country and inhabitants, ii. 473.
New Spain, difcovered and named by Juan de Grijalva, i. 321. See Mexico.
Nigno, Alonfo, his voyage to America, i. 199.
Norwegians might in ancient times have migrated to, and colo nized America, ii. 44.
Nugnez Vela, Blafco, appointed viceroy of Peru, to fenforce the new ragulations, iii. 106. His character, III. Commits Vacade Caftro to prifon, 112. Diffenfions between him and the court of audience, 115. Is confined, 116. Recovers his liberty, 118. Re- fumes his command, ibid. Is purfued by Gonzalo Pizarro. 119. is defeated and killed by Pizarro, 120, 121.
Ocampo, Diego, fent with a fquadron from Hifpaniola to defolate { the country of Cumana, i. 310.
Ocampo, Sebaftian de, first fails round Cuba, and difcovers it to be an island, i. 247.
Ocean, though adapted to facilitate the intercourfe between diftant countries, continued long a formidable barrier, i. 2. See Com- pafs and Navigation.
Ojeda, Alonzo de, his private expedition to the West Indies, i. 196. His fecond voyage, 211. Obtains a government on the continent, 252.
Olmedo, Father Bartholomew de, checks the rafh zeal of Cortes at Tlafcala in Mexico, ii. 294. Is fent by Cortes to negociate with Narvaez, 338.
Orellana, Francis, is appointed to the command of a bark built by Gonzalo Pizarro, and deferts him. iii. 83. Sails down the Maraguon, 84. Returns to Spain with a report of wonderful difcoveries, ibid. Herrera's account of his voyage, 398. Orgognez commands Almagro's party against the Pizarros, and is defeated and killed by them, iii. 72. 73.
Orinoco, the great river of, discovered by Chriftopher Columbus,
i. 182. Strange method of chufing a captain among the Indian tribes on the banks of, ii. 159. The amazing plenty of fish- ing, 469.
Otaheite, the inhabitants of, ignorant of the art of boiling water, ii. 491.
Otumba, battle of, between Cortes and the Mexicans, ii. 365. Ovando, Nicholas de, is fent governor to Hifpaniola, i. 211. His prudent regulations, 213. Refufes admiffion to Columbus, on his fourth voyage, 218. His ungenerous behaviour to Colum- bus, on his fhipwreck, 223, 227. Receives him at length, and fends him home, 229. Engages in a war with the Indians, 233. His cruel treatment of thein, 235. Encourages cultivation and manufaЯures, 240. His method of trepanning the natives of the Lucayos, 244. Is rec alled, 248.
Pacifick ocean, why, and by whom fo named, ii. 411. Packet boats, first establishment of, between Spain and her Ame- rican colonies, iii. 354.
Panama is fettled by Pedrarias Davila, i. 279, 280.
Parmenides, the first who divided the earth by zones, i. 339. Patagonians, fome account of, ii. 77. The reality of their gi gantick fize yet to be decided, 78, 459.
Pedrarias Davila is fent with a fleet to fuperfede Balboa in his go- vernment of Santa Maria on the ifthmus of Darien, i. 272. Treats Balboa ill, 274. Rapacious conduct of his men, 276. Is reconciled to Balboa, and gives him his daughter, 277. Puts Balboa to death, 279. Removes his fettlement from Santa Maria to Panama, ibid.
Penguin, the name of that bird not derived from the Welch lan- guage, i. 356.
Perez, Juan, patronifes Columbus at the court of Caftile, i. 96.
His folemn invocation for the fuccefs of Columbus's voyage, 108. Periplus of Hanno, the authenticity of that work juftified, i. 329. Peru, che first intelligence concerning this country, received by Vafco Nugnez de Balboa, i. 263, 270. The coast of, first difco- vered by Pizarro, iii. 6. Fizarro's fecond arrival, 13. His hof- tile proceedings against the natives, 15. The colony of St. Michael established, 16. State of the empire at the time of this invasion, ibid. The kingdom divided between Huafcar and Atahualpa, 20. Atahualpa ufurps the government, 21. Huafcar folicits affiftance from Pizarro, 22. Atahualpa vifits Pizarro, 27. Is feized by Pizarro, 30 feq. Agreement for his ranfom, 32. Is refused his liberty, 37. Is cruelly put to death, 42, 43. Confufion of the empire on this event, 44. Quito reduced by Benalca- zar, 48. The city of Lima founded by Pizarro, 55. Chili in- vaded by Almagro, 56. Infurrection of the Peruvians, 58. Al- magro put to death by Pizarro. 75, Pizarro divides the coun-
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