F

Perdinand king of Caftile. See Columbus and Isabella. Turns his
attention at length to the regulation of American affairs, i. 241.
Don Diego de Columbus fues out his father's claims against him,
247. Ereas two governments on the contiment of America, 252.
Sends a fleet to Darien, and fuperfedes Balboa, 273. Appoints
Balboa lieutenant-governor of the countries on the South Sea,
277. Sends Dias de Solis to discover a western paffage to the
Maiuccas, 280. Thwarts the meafures of Diego Columbus,
281. His decree concerning the treatment of the In-
dians, 285.

Fernandez, Don Diego, character of his Hiftoria del Perú,
iii, 385.

Fernandez, P. his defcription of the political state of the Chiqui-
tos, ii. 478.

Figueroa, Roderigo de, is appointed chief judge of Hifpaniola,
with a commiffion to examine into the treatment of the In-
diam natives, i. 297. Makes an experiment to determine the
capa ity of the Indians, 311.

Florida, difcovered by Juan Ponce de Leon, i. 260. The chiefs
there hereditary, ii. 132. Account of, from Alvaro Nugnez

Cabeca de Vaca, ii, 471.

Flota, Spanish, fome account of, iii, 332.

Fonfeca, bishop of Badajos, minifter for Indian affairs, obftru&s
the plans of colonization and difcovery formed by Columbus,
j, 170, 180. Patropizes the expedition of Alonzo de Ojeda, 196.

G

Galeons. Spanish, the nature and purpose of thefe veffels, iii. 336.
Arrangement of their voyage, ibid. abalifhed, 349.

Galvez, Don Jofeph, fent to discover the true ftate of California,
iii. 240.

Gama, Vafco de, his voyage for discovery, i, 191, Doubles the
Cape of Good Hope, 192. Anchors before the city Melinda,
193. Arrives at Calecut in Malabar, ibid.

Gaming, ftrange propenfity of the Americans to, ii. 203.

Ganges, erroneous ideas of the ancients as to the pofition of that
river, i. 334.

Gafca, Pedro de la, fent to Peru as prefident of the Court of Au-
dience in Lima, iii. 128. His character and moderation, ibid.
The powers he was vefted with, 129 feq. Arrives at Panama, 131.

Acquires poffeffion of Panama with the fleet and forces there,
134 Advances towards Cuzco, 139, 140. Pizarro's troops de-
fert to him, 141. His moderate use of the victory, 142. Devifes
employment for his foldiers, 148. His divifion of the country
among his followers, 149. The difcontents it occafions, 150.
Reftores order and government, 151: His reception at his return
to Spain, 152,

Geminus, inftance of his ignorance in geography, i. 338.
Geography, the knowledge of, extremely confined among the
ancients, i. 28. Became a favourite ftudy among the Ara-
bians, 36.

Giants, the accounts of, in our early travellers, unconfirmed by

recent difcoveries, i. 459.

Gioia, Flavio, the inventor of the mariner's compafs, i. 47.
Globe, its divifion into zones by the anciënts, i. 29.

Gold, why the first metal with which man was aquainted, ii. 119.
Extraordinary large grain of, found in the mines at Cinaloa,
iii. 427.

Gomara, character of his Cronica de la Nueva Efpagna, ii. 501.
Good Hope, Cape of, difcovered by Batholomew Diaz, i. 73.
Government, no visible form of, among the native Americans, ii,
126. Exceptions, 130.

Gran Chaco, account of the method of making war among the na-
tives of, from Lozano, ii. 480.

Granada, new kingdom of, in America, by whom reduced to the
Spanish dominion, iii. 256. Its climate and produce, 257. A
viceroy lately established thëre, 272,

Greeks, ancient, progrefs of navigation and difcovery among
them, i. 14. Their commercial intercourfe with other nations
very limited, 17, 18.

ii. 44.

His

Greenland, its vicinity to North America
Grijalva, Juan de, fets out from Cuba on a voyage of difcovery,
i. 319.
Difcovers and gives name to New Spain, 321.
reafons for not planting a colony in his newly difcovered lands,
323.

Guarda Coftas, employed by Spain to check illicit trade in the
American colonies, iii. 347.

Guatimala, the indigo there fuperior to any in America, iii. 324.
Guatimozim, nephew and fon-in-law of Montezuma, fucceeds
Quetlavaca in the kingdom of Mexico, ii. 378. Repulses the
attacks of the Spaniards, in ftorming the city of Mexico, 394-
Is taken prifoner by Cortes, 402. Is tortured to difcover his
treafure, 405, Is hanged, 420.

Guiana, Dutch, caufe of the exceffive fertiliry of the foil there,

ii, 459.

H

Hanno, his Periplus defended, with an account of his voyage,
i. 329, 330.

Hatuey, a cazique of Cuba, his cruel treatment, and memorable
repartee to a Francifcan friar, i. 259.

Hawkefworth's voyages, account of New Holland, and the inha-
bitants from, ii. 473.

Heat, the different degrees of, in the old and new continents,
accounted for, ii. 435 feq. Eftimated, 449.

Henry, Prince of Portugal, his character and ftudies, i. 56. Ex-
peditions formed by his order, 58-63. Applies for a papal
grant of his new difcoveries, 63. His death, 66.

Herrada, Juan de, affaffinates Francis Pizarro, iii. 91. Dies, 95.
Herrera, the best hiftorian of the conqueft of New Spain, ii. 504.
his account of Orellana's voyage, iii. 398.

Hifpaniola. the ifland of, difcovered by Chriftopher Columbus, i.
127, His tranfa&tions with the natives, 128. A colony left there
by Columbus, 133. The colony deftroyed, 153. Columbus builds
a city called Ifabella, 155. The natives ill-ufed, and begin to be
alarmed, 164, feq. Are defeated by the Spaniards, 168. Tribute
exacted from them, 169. They fcheme to ftarve the Spaniards,
171. St. Domingo founded by Bartholomew Columbus, 185.
Columbus fent home in irons by Bovadilla, 205. Nicholas de
Ovando appointed governor, 209. Summary view of the con-
duct of the Spaniards towards the natives of, 233-235 Un-
happy fate of Anacoana, 238. Great produce from the mines
there, 239. The inhabitants diminish, 242. The Spaniards
recruit them by trepanning the natives of the Lücayos, 244-
Arrival of Don Diego de Coiumbus, 249. The natives of, al-
moft extirpated by flavery, 257, 282. Controverfy concerning
the treatment of them, 283. Columbus's account of the human
treatment he received from the natives of, 346. Curious in-
ftance of fuperftition in the Spanifh planters there, ii. 449.
Holguin, Pedro Alvarez, ere&ts the royal ftandard in Peru, in op-
pofition to the younger Almagro, iii. 95.

Homer, his account of the navigation of the ancient Greeks, i 15.
Honduras, the value of the country, owing to its production of
the logwoed tree, iii. 241.

Horned cattle, amazing increase of them in Spanish America, iii.
325.

Horses, aftonishment and mistakes of the Mexicans at the first fight
of them, ii. 511. Expedient of the Peruvians to render them
incapable of action, iii. 397.

Huana Capac, Inca of Peru, his character and family, iii. 19,20.-
Huafcar Capac, Inca of Peru, difputes his brother Atahualpa's
fucceffion to Quito, iii. 20. Is defeated and taken prifoner by
Atahualpa, 21. Solicits the affistance of Pizarro against his
brother, 22. Is put to death by order of Atahualpa, 34,

I

Jamaica difcovered by Chriftopher Columbus, i. 162.

Jerome, St. three monks of that order fent by cardinal Ximenes to
Hifpaniola, to regulate the treatment of the Indians, i. 291.
Their condu&t under this commiflion, 293.

Are recalled,

297.
Jefuits, acquire an abfolute dominion over California, iii. 240.
Their motives for depreciating the country. ibid.

Jews, ancient, ftate of commerce and navigation among them,
i. 9.

Incas of Peru, received origin of their empire, iii. 17, 208. Their
empire founded both in religion and policy, 209, feq. See Peru.
India, the motives of Alexander the Great, in his expedition to,
i. 18. The commerce with, how carried on in ancient times.
24, 25. And when arts began to revive in Europe, 36. The
first voyage made round the Cape of Good Hope, 192.
Indians in Spanifh America. See Americans.

Indies, Weft, why Columbus's difcoveries were fe named, i. 147.
Innocent IV. pope, his extraordinary mission to the prince of the
Tartars, i. 42.

Inquifition, court of, when and by whom first introduced into Por-
tugal. i. 341.

Infects and reptiles, why fo numerous aud noxious in America,
ii. 20.

John 1. king of Portugal, the first who fent fhips to explore the
western coafts of Africa, i. 53. His fon prince Henry engages
in thefe attempts, 56.

John II. king of Portugal, patronifes all attempts towards difco-
veries, i. 68. Sends an embally to Abyffinia, 73. His ungene-
rous treatment of Columbus, 90.

Iron, the reafon why favage nations were unacquainted with this
metal, ii. 119.

Ifabella, queen of Caftile, is applied to by Juan Perez in behalf
of Chriftopher Columbus, i. 96. Is again applied to by Quin-
tanilla and Santangel, 100. Is prevailed on to equip him, 101.
Dies, 230, Her real motives for encouraging difcoveries in
America, iii. 204.

Ifabella, the city of, in Hifpaniola, built by Chriftopher Colum-
bus, i. 155.

Italy, the first country in Europe, where civilization and art re-
vived after the overthrow of the Roman Empire, i. 38. The
commercial fpirit of, active and enterprising, ibid.

L

Ladrone iflands, difcovered by Ferdinand Magellan, ii. 411.
Lakes, amazing fize of thofe in North America, ii. 5.
Las Cafas, Bartholomew, returns from Hifpaniola to folicit the
caufe of the enflaved Indians at the court of Spain, i. 289. Is
fent back with powers by cardinal Ximenes, 291. Returns dif-
fatisfied, 295. Procures a new commiffion to be fent over on
this fubject, 297. Recommends the scheme of fupplying the
colonies with negroes, 298. Undertakes a new colony. 300.
His conference with the bifhop of Darien before the emperor
Charles V. 306. Goes to America to carry his fchemes into
execution, 308. Circumftances unfavourable to him, 309. His
final mifcariage, 311. Revives his reprefentations in favour of
the Indians, at the defire of the emperor, iii. 101. Cemposes a
treatife on the deftruction of America, 102.

León, Pedro Cieza de, character of his Chronica del Peru, iii.
384.

Lery, his defcription of the courage and ferocity of the Toupi-
nambos, ii. 481, 482.

Lima, the city of, in Peru, founded by Pizarro, iii. 55.
Logwood, the commodity that gives importance to the provinces
of Honduras and Yucatan, iii. 241. Policy of the Spaniards to
defeat the Englifh trade in, 242.

Louis, St. king of France, his embally to the Chan of the Tartars,
i. 43.

Lozano, his account of the method of making war among the ua-
tives of Gran Chaco, ii. 480.

Luque, Hernando de, a priest, affociates with Pizarro in his Pe-
ruvian expedition, iii. 2, 4.

M

Madena, the ifland of, first discovered, i. 59.

Madoc, prince of North Wales, ftory of his voyage and difce-
very of North America examined, i. 354, 355.