produced effects fo remarkable, as to merit fome farther illuftration. The towns to which this liberty has been granted, are Cadiz and Seville for the province of Andalufia; Alicante and Carthagena, for Valencia and Murcia; Barcelona, for Catalonia and Arragon; Santander, for Caltile; Corugna, for Galicia; and Gijon, for Afturias. Append. ii. à la educ. popul. p. 41. These are either the ports of chief trade in their refpective districts, or thofe moft conveniently fituated for the exportation of their refpective productions.

The following facts give a view of the increase of trade in the fettlements to which the new regulations extend. Prior to the allowance of free trade, the duties collected in the custom-house at the Havannah were computed to be 104,208 pefos annually. During the five years preceding 1774, they rofe at a medium to 308,000 pefos a year. In Yucatan, the duties have rifen from 8,000 to 15,000. In Hifpaniola, from 2,500 to 5,600. In PortoRico, from 1,200 to 7,000. The total value of goods imported from Cuba into Spain, was reckoned, in 1774, to be 1,500,000 pefos. Educ. Popul. i. 450, &c.

NOTE LXIX. p. 368.

The two Treatifes of Don Pedro Rodriguez Campomanes, Fifcal del real confejo y Supremo (an office in rank and power nearly fimilar to

that of Attorney General in England), and Director of the Royal Academy of History, the one intitled Difcurfo fobre el Fomento de la Induftria popular; the other, Difcurfo fobre la Educacion Popular de los Artefanos y fu Fomento; the former publifhed in 1774, and the latter in 1775, afford a ftriking proof of this. Almost every point of importance with refpect to interior police, taxation, agriculture, manufactures, and trade, domeftick as well as foreign, is examined in the course of these works; and there are not many authors, even in the nations moft eminent for commercial knowledge, who have carried on their inquiries with a more thorough knowledge of those various fubjects, and a more perfect freedom from vulgar and national prejudices, or who have united more happily the calm refearches of philofophy, with the ardent zeal of a publick-fpirited citizen. Thefe books are in high eftimation among the Spaniards, and it is a decifive, evidence of the progrefs of their own ideas, that they are capable of relifhing an author whofe fentiments are fo liberal.

NOTE LXX. p. 372.

The galeon employed in that trade, instead of the fix hundred tons, to which it is limited by law, Recop. lib. xlv. 1. 15. is commonly from twelve hundred to two thoufand tons bur

den. The fhip from Acapulco, taken by Lord Anfon instead of the 500,000 pefos permitted by law, had on board 1,313,843 pefos, befides uncoined filver equal in value to 43,611 pefos more. Anfon's Voyage, 384.

NOTE LXXI. p. 375.

The price paid for the bull varies according to the rank of different perfons. Thofe in the loweft order, who are fervants or flaves, pay two reals of plate, or one fhilling; other Spaniards pay eight reals, and thofe in publick office. or who hold encomiendas, fixteen reals. Solorz. de jure Ind. vol. ii. lib. iii. c. 25. According to Chilton, an English merchant who refided long in the Spanish fettlements, the bull of Cruzado bore an higher price in the year 1570, being then fold for four reals at the loweft. Hackluyt, iii. 461. The price feems to have varied at different periods. That exacted for the bulls iffued in the laft Predication, will appear from the enfuing table, which will give fome idea of the proportional numbers of the different claffes of citizens in New Spain and Peru.

There were iffued for New Spain, Bulls at 10 pefos each

at 2 pefos each

at i peso each

at 2 reals each

4

22,601

164,220

2,462,500

2,649,325

As Villa Segnor to whom we are indebted for this information, was accomptant-general in one of the moft confiderable departments of the royal revenue, and by that means had accefs to proper information, his testimony with respect to this point merits great credit. No fuch accurate detail of the Spanish revenues in any part of America, has hitherto been publifted in the English language, and the particulars of it may appear curious and interefting to fome of my readers.

From the bull of Cruzado, publifhed every two years there arifes an annual revenue in

32,000

From ditto on copper of Mechocan
From ditto on alum

6,500

From ditto on Juego de los gallos

From the half of ecclefiaftical annats 49,000

From royal ninth of bifhopricks,

21,100

&c.

From the tribute of Indians

From Alcavala, or duty on fale of

goods

721,875

From the Almajorifafgo. cnftom

house

1373,333

From the mint

357,500

3,552,680

This fum amounts to 819,161 I. Sterling; and if we add to it the profit accruing from the fale of 5000 quintals of quickfilver, imported from the mines of Almaden, in Spain, on the king's account. and what accrues from the Averia, and fome other taxes which Villa Segnor does not eftimate, the publick revenue in New Spain may well be reckoned above a million pounds fterling money. Theat. Mex. vol. i. p. 38, &c. According to Villa Segnor the total produce of the Mexican mines, amounts at a medium to eight millions of pefos, in filver annually, and to 5912 marks of gold ROBERTSON Vol. III. G g