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Gomara, c. 123. and Zarate, lib. ii. c. 8. far tisfy themselves with afferting in general, that the plunder of Cuzco was of greater value than the ranfom of Atahualpa.

NOTE X. p. 50.

No expedition in the New World was conducted with more perfevering courage than that of Alvarado, and in none were greater hardships endured. Many of the perfons engaged in it were, like their leader, veterans who had ferved under Cortes, inured to all the rigour of American war. Such of my readers as have not an opportunity of perusing the ftriking description of their fufferings by Zarate or Herrera, may form fome idea of the nature of their march from the fea-coaft to Quito, by confulting the account which D. Ant. Ulloa gives of his own journey in 1736, nearly in the fame route. Voy. tom. i. p. 178, &c. or that of M. Bouguer, who proceeded from Puerto Viejo, to Quito, by the fame road which Alvarado took. He compares his own journey with that of the Spanish leader, and by the comparison, gives a most striking idea of the boldness and patience of Alvarado, in forcing his way through fo, many obftacles. Voyage du Perou, p. 28, etc.

NOTE XI. p. 51.

According to Herrera, there was entered on account of the king, in gold, 155,300 pe-. fos, and 5400 marks (each 8 ounces) of filver, befides feveral veffels and ornaments, fome of gold, and others of filver; on account of private perfons, in gold 499,000 pefos, and 54,000 marks of filver. Dec. 5. lib. vi. c. 13.

NOTE XII. p. 61.

The Peruvians had recourfe to other mili tary arts than thofe of the Spaniards. As the calvalry were the chief object of their terror, they endeavoured to render them incapable of acting by means of a long thong with a ftone faftened to each end. This, when thrown. by a skilful hand, twifted about the horse and its rider, and entangled them fo as to obftruct their motions. Herrera mentions this as an invention of their own. Dec. 5. lib. viii. c. 4. But as I have obferved, vol. ii. p. 175, this weapon is common among feveral barbarous tribes towards the extremity of South America; and it is more probable, that the Peruvians had obferved the dexterity with which they ufed it in hunting, and on this occafion adopted it themfelves. The Spaniards were confiderably annoyed by it. Herrera, ibid. Another inftance of the ingenuity of the Peruvians deferves men

tion. By turning a river out of its channel, they overflowed a valley, in which a body of the enemy was pofted, fo fuddenly, that it was with the utmoft difficulty the Spaniards made their escape. Herrera, dec. 5. lib. viii.

c. 5.

rate.

NOTE XIII. p. 84.

Herrera's account of Orellana's voyage is the most minute, and apparently the moft accuIt was probably taken from the journal of Orellana himself. But the dates are not diftinctly marked. His navigation down the Coca, or Napo, begun early in February 1541; and he arrived at the mouth of the river on the 26th of Auguft, having spent near feven months in the voyage. M. de la Condamine, in the year 1743, failed from Cuenca to Para, a fettlement of the Portuguese at the mouth of the river, a navigation much longer than that of Orellana, in less than four months. Voyage, p. 179. But the two adventurers were very differently provided for the voyage. This hazardous undertaking, to which ambition prompted Orellana, and to which the love of fcience led M. de la Condamine, was undertaken in the year 1769, by Madame Godin des Odonais, from conjugal affection. The narrative of the hardships which fhe fuffered, of the dangers to which she was expofed, and of the difafters

which befel her, is one of the moft fingular and affecting ftories in any language, exhibiting in her conduct a striking picture of the fortidude which diftinguishes the one fex, mingled with the fenfibility and tendernefs peculiar to the other. Lettre de M. Godin, à M. de la Condamine.

NOTE XIV. p. 88.

Hererra gives a ftriking picture of their indigence. Twelve gentlemen, who had been officers of diftin&tion under Almagro, lodged in the fame houfe, and having but one cloak among them, it was worn alternately by him who had occafion to appear in publick, while the reft, from the want of a decent drefs, were obliged to keep within doors. Their former friends and companions were fo much afraid of giving offence to Pizarro, that they durft not entertain or even converse with them. One may conceive what was the condition, and what the indignation of men once accustomed to power and opulence, when they felt themselves poor and defpifed, without a roof under which to fhelter their heads, while they beheld others, whofe merit and fervices were not equal to theirs, living with splendour in fumptuous edifices. Dec. 6. lib. viii, c. 6.

NOTE XV. p. 103.

Herrera, whofe accuracy entitles him to great credit, afferts, that Gonzalo Pizarro pof

feffed domains in the neighbourhood of Chuquefaca de la Plata, which yielded him an annual revenue greater than that of the archbishop of Toledo, the beft endowed fee in Europe. Dec. 7. lib. vi. c. 3.

NOTE XVI. p. 120.

All the Spanish writers defcribe his march, and the diftreffes of both parties very minutely. Zarate obferves, that hardly any parellel to it occurs in history, either with respect to the length of the retreat or the ardour of the pursuit. Pizarro, according to his computation, followed the viceroy upwards of three thousand miles. Lib. v. c. 16. 26.

NOTE. XVII. p. 137.

It amounted, according to Fernandez, the beft informed hiftorian of that period, to one million four hundred thousand pefos. Lib. ii. c. 79,

NOTE XVIII. p. 139.

Carvajal, from the beginning, had been an advocate for an accommodation with Gafca. Finding Pizarro incapable of holding that bold course which he originally fuggefted, he recommended to him a timely fubmiffion to his fovereign as the safest measures. When the president's of

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