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coverers, if we may believe B. Diaz and other contemporary writers, ended their days in a hermitage, or a cloister.

Note 16, page 29, col. 1.

"T was in the deep, immeasurable cave
Of Andes.

Vast indeed must be those dismal regions, if it be true, as conjectured (Kircher. Mund. Subt. I. 202), that Etna, in her eruptions, has discharged twenty times her original bulk. Well might she be called by Euripides (Troades, v. 222) The Mother of Mountains; yet Etna herself is but " a mere firework, when compared to the burning summits of the Andes."

Note 17, page 29, col. 2.

One-half the globe; from pole to pole confess'd. Gods, yet confessed later.-MILTON.Ils ne laissent pas d'en être les esclaves, et de les honorer plus que le grand Esprit, qui de sa nature est bon.LAFITAU.

Note 18, page 29, col. 2.

Where Plata and Maragnon meet the main.

Note 23, page 29, col. 2.

He spoke; and all was silence, all was night! These scattered fragments may be compared to shreds of old arras, or reflections from a river broken and confused by the oar; and now and then perhaps the imagination of the reader may supply more than is lost. Si qua latent, meliora putat. "It is remarkable," says the elder Pliny, "that the Iris of Aristides, the Tyndarides of Nicomachus, and the Venus of Apelles, are held in higher admiration than their finished works." And is it not so in almost everything?

Call up him that left half-told
The story of Cambuscan bold-
Note 24, page 30, col. 1.
The soldier, etc.

In the Lusiad, to beguile the heavy hours at sea, Veloso relates to his companions of the second watch the story of the Twelve Knights. L. vi.

Note 25, page 30, col. 1.

So Fortune smiled, careless of sea or land! Among those who went with Columbus, were many

Rivers of South America. Their collision with adventurers, and gentlemen of the court. Primero was the tide has the effect of a tempest.

Note 19, page 29, col. 2.

Of Huron or Ontario, inland seas.

Lakes of North America. Huron is above a thousand miles in circumference. Ontario receives the waters of the Niagara, so famous for its falls; and discharges itself into the Atlantic by the river St. Lawrence.

Note 20, page 29, col. 2.

By Ocean severed from a world of shade La plupart de ces îles ne sont en effet que des pointes de montagnes: et la mer, qui est au-delà, est une vrai mer Méditerranée.-BUFFON.

Note 21, page 29, col. 2.

Hung in the tempest o'er the troubled main. The dominion of a bad angel over an unknown sea, infestandole con sus torbellinos y tempestades, and his flight before a Christian hero, are described in glowing language by Ovalle.-Hist. de Chile, IV. 8.

Note 22, page 29, col. 2.

No voice, as erst, shall in the desert rise;

Alluding to the oracles of the Islanders, so soon to become silent; and particularly to a prophecy, delivered down from their ancestors, and sung with loud lamentations (Petr. Martyr. dec. 3, lib. 7) at their solemn festivals (Herrera, I, iii, 4) that the country would be laid waste on the arrival of strangers, completely clad, from a region near the rising of the sun. Ibid. II, | 5,2 It is said that Cazziva, a great Cacique, after long fasting and many ablutions, had an interview with one of the Zemi, who announced to him this terrible event (F. Columbus, c. 62), as the oracles of Latona, according to Herodotus (II, 152) predicted the overthrow of eleven kings of Egypt, on the appearance of men of brass, risen out of the sea.

Nor did this prophecy exist among the Islanders alone. It influenced the councils of Montezuma, and extended almost universally over the forests of America. Cortes. Herrera. Gomara. "The demons whom they worshipped,' says Acosta, "in this instance told them the truth."

the game then in fashion.-See VEGA, p. 2, lib. iii, c.9 Note 26, page 30, col. 1.

Yet who but He undaunted could explore. Many sighed and wept; and every hour seemed a year, says Herrera.-I, i, 9 and 10.

Note 27, page 30, col. 2.

The solemn march, the vows in concert given. His public procession to the convent of Rábida on the day before he set sail. It was there that his sons had received their education; and he himself appears to have passed some time there, the venerable Guardian, Juan Perez de Marchena, being his zealous and affectionate friend. The ceremonies of his departure and return are represented in many of the fresco paintings in the palaces of Genoa.

Note 28, page 30, col. 2.

While his dear boys-ah, on his neck they hung.

But I was most afflicted, when I thought of my two sons, whom I had left behind me in a strange country- -before I had done, or at least could be known to have done, anything which might incline comforted myself with the reflection that our Lord your highnesses to remember them. And though 1 would not suffer so earnest an endeavor for the exaltation of his church to come to nothing, yet I conCOLUMBUS, c. 37. sidered that, on account of my unworthiness," etc.—

F.

Note 29, page 30, col. 2.

The great Gonzalo.

Gonzalo Fernandes, already known by the name of the Great Captain. Granada surrendered on the 2d of January, 1492. Columbus set sail on the 3d of August following.

Note 30, page 30, col. 2.

Though Roldan, etc.

Probably a soldier of fortune. There were more than one of the name on board.

Note 31, page 31, col. 1.

The Cross shone forth in everlasting light! The Cross of the South; "una Croce maravigliosa.e

di tanta bellezza," says Andrea Corsali, a Florentine,
writing to Giuliano of Medicis, in 1515, “che non
mi pare ad alcuno segno celeste doverla comparare.
Es'io non mi inganno, credo che sia questo il crusero
di che Dante parlò nel principio del Purgatorio con
spirito profetico, dicendo,

I'mi volsi a man destra, e posi mente,
All' altro polo, e vidi quattro stelle, etc."

Note 32, page 31, col. 1.

Roc of the West! to him all empire given ! Le Condor est le même oiseau que le Roc des Orientaux.-BUFFON. "By the Peruvians," says Vega, "he was anciently worshipped; and there were those who claimed their descent from him." In these degenerate days he still ranks above the Eagle.

Note 33, page 31, col. 1.

Who bears Axalhua's dragon-folds to heaven.

As the Roc of the East is said to have carried off

the Elephant. See Marco Polo.-Axalhua, or the Emperor, is the name in the Mexican language for the great serpent of America.

Note 34, page 31, col. 1.

To where Alaska's wintry wilds retire.

Call'd on the Spirit within. Disdaining flight,
Calmly she rose, collecting all her might, 1
Dire was the dark encounter! Long unquell'd,
Her sacred seat, sovereign and pure, she held.
At length the great Foe binds her for his prize,
And awful, as in death, the body lies!
Not long to slumber! In an evil hour

Inform'd and lifted by the unknown Power,

It starts, it speaks! "We live, we breathe no more!" etc.

Many a modern reader will exclaim in the language of Pococurantè, “Quelle triste extravagance!" Let a great theologian of that day, a monk of the Augustine order, be consulted on the subject. "Corpus ille perimere vel jugulare potest; nec id modò, verùm et animam ita urgere, et in angustum coarctare novit, ut in momento quoque illi excedendum sit."-LUTHERUS, De Missa Privata.

Note 42, page 31, col. 2.
And can you shrink? etc.

The same language had been addressed to Isabella.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 15.

Note 43, page 31, col. 2.

Oh had I perish'd, when my failing frame.
His miraculous escape, in early life, during a sea-

Northern extremity of the New World.-See fight off the coast of Portugal.-Ibid. c. 5.
Cook's last Voyage.

Note 35, page 31, col. 1.

From mines of gold

Mines of Chili; which extend, says Ovalle, to the Strait of Magellan. I, 4.

Note 36, page 31, col. 1.

High-hung in forests to the casing snows.

A custom not peculiar to the Western Hemisphere. The Tunguses of Siberia hang their dead on trees; "parceque la terre ne se laisse point ouvrir."-M. PAUW.

Note 37, page 31, col. 1.

-and, through that dismal night. "Aquella noche triste." The night, on which Cortes made his famous retreat from Mexico through

the street of Tlacopan, still goes by the name of LA

NOCHE TRISTE-HUMBOLDT.

Note 38, page 31, col. 1.

By his white plume reveal'd and buskins white. Pizarro used to dress in this fashion; after Gonzalo, whom he had served under in Italy.

Note 39, page 31, col. 1.

O'er him a Vampire his dark wings display'd. A species of bat in S. America; which refreshes by the gentle agitation of its wings, while it sucks the blood of the sleeper, turning his sleep into death, -ULLOA.

Note 40, page 31, col. 1.

'T was Merion's self, covering with dreadful shade. -Now one,

Now other, as their shape served best his end.

Note 44, page 31, col. 2.

The scorn of Folly, and of Fraud the prey.
Nudo nocchier, promettitor di regni !

By the Genoese and the Spaniards he was regarded as a man resolved on "a wild dedication of himself to unpathed waters, undreamed shores;" and the court of Portugal endeavored to rob him of the glory of his enterprise, by secretly dispatching a vessel in the course which he had pointed out. "Lorsqu'il avait promis un nouvel hémisphère," says Voltaire, "on lui avait soutenu que cet hémisphère ne pouvoit exister; et quand il l'eut découvert, on prétendit qu'il avait été connu depuis long-temps."

Note 45, page 31, col. 2.

-He spoke not uninspired.
He used to affirm, that he stood in need of God's

particular assistance; like Moses when he led forth
the people of Israel, who forbore to lay violent hands
upon him, because of the miracles which God wrought
by his means. "So," said the Admiral, “did it hap-
pen to me on that voyage."-F. COLUMBUS, c. 19.—
"And so easily," says a Commentator, "are the work-
ings of the Evil One overcome by the power of God!"

Note 46, page 31, col. 2.

"In his own shape shall Death receive you there." This denunciation, fulfilled as it appears to be in the eleventh canto, may remind the reader of the Harpies in Virgil.-Æn. III, v. 247.

Note 47, page 31, col. 2.

Rose to the Virgin.

Salve, regina. Herrera, I, i, 12.-It was the usual Undoubtedly, says Herrera, the Infernal Spirit as-service, and always sung with great solemnity. "I sumed various shapes in that region of the world.

Note 41, page 31, col. 1.

Then, inly gliding, etc.

remember one evening," says Oviedo, "when the ship was in full sail, and all the men were on their knees, singing Salve, regina," etc. Relacion Sommaria.

The original passage is here translated at full The hymn, O Sanctissima, is still to be heard after

ength.

Then, inly gliding like a subtle flame,

Thrice, with a cry that thrill'd the mortal frame,

1-magnum si pectore possit Excussisse deum,

sunset along the shores of Sicily, and its effect may be better conceived than described. See BRYDONE, I, 330.

Note 48, page 31, col. 2.
Chosen of Men!

Note 56, page 32, col. 1.
What long-drawn tube, etc.

For the effects of the telescope, and the mirror, on an uncultivated mind, see WALLIS's Voyage round the World, c. 2 and 6.

Note 57, page 32, col. 2.

Through citron-groves, and fields of yellow maize. Ætas est illis aurea. Apertis vivunt hortis. P.MARTYR, dec. i, 3.

Note 58, page 32, col. 2.

I believe that he was chosen for this great service; and that, because he was to be so truly an apostle, as in effect he proved to be, therefore was his origin obscure; that therein he might resemble those who were called to make known the name of the Lord from seas and rivers, and not from courts and palaces. And I believe also, that, as in most of his doings he was guarded by some special providence, his very The wild cotton-tree, often mentioned in History. name was not without some mystery: for in it is ex- "Cortes," says Bernal Diaz, "took possession of the pressed the wonder he performed; inasmuch as he country in the following manner. Drawing his sword, conveyed to a new world the grace of the Holy he gave three cuts with it into a great Ceiba, and Ghost, etc.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 1.

Note 49, page 31, col. 2.

First from the prow to hail the glimmering light.

said

Ceiba.

Note 59, page 32, col. 2.
There sits the bird that speaks!

The Parrot, as described by Aristotle.-Hist. Anı

A light in the midst of darkness, signifying the mal. viii, 12. spiritual light that he came to spread there.-F. CoLUMBUS, C. 22. HERRERA, I, i, 12.

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Note 60, page 32, col. 2.

Half bird, half fly.

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And guavas blush'd as in the vales of light. They believed that the souls of good men were conveyed to a pleasant valley, abounding in guavas and other delicious fruits.-HERRERA, I, iii, 3. F. CoLUMBUS, c. 62.

Note 66, page 33, col. 1.

There silent sate many an unbidden Guest. "The dead walk abroad in the night, and feast with the living" (F. COLUMBUS, c. 62); and "eat of the fruit called Guannàba."--P. MARTYR, dec. i, 9.

Note 67, page 33, col. 1.

And sires, alas, their sons in battle slain!
War reverses the order of nature. In time of peace,

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Here, in His train, shall arts and arms attend. "There are those alive," said an illustrious orator, whose memory might touch the two extremities. Lord Bathurst, in 1704, was of an age to comprehend such things-and, if his angel had then drawn up the curtain, and, whilst he was gazing with admiration,

It is remarkable that these phenomena still remain had pointed out to him a speck, and had told him, among the mysteries of nature.

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I wrote on a parchment that I had discovered what I had promised; and, having put it into a cask, threw it into the sea.-Ibid. c, 37.

Note 77, page 33, col. 2.

Young man, there is America-which, at this day,
serves for little more than to amuse you with stories
of savage men and uncouth manners; yet shall, be-
fore you taste of death,' etc."-BURKE in 1775.
Note 84, page 34, col. 1.

Assembling here, etc.

How simple were the manners of the early colonists! The first ripening of any European fruit was distinguished by a family-festival. Garcilasso de la Vega relates how his dear father, the valorous Andres, collected together in his chamber seven or eight gentlemen to share with him three asparaguses, the first that ever grew on the table-land of Cusco. When the operation of dressing them was over (and it is minutely described) he distributed the two largest among his friends; begging that the company

would not take it ill, if he reserved the third for him self, as it was a thing from Spain.

North America became instantly an asylum for the To other eyes, from distant cliff descried. oppressed; Huguenots, and Catholics, and sects of Balboa immediately concluded it to be the ocean every name and country. Such were the first settlers for which Columbus had searched in vain ; and when, in Carolina and Maryland, Pennsylvania and New at length, after a toilsome march among the moun- England. Nor is South America altogether without tains, his guides pointed out to him the summit from a claim to the title. Even now, while I am writing, which it might be seen, he commanded his men to the ancient house of Braganza is on its passage across the Atlantic, halt, and went up alone.-HERRERA, I, x, 1.

Note 78, page 33, col. 2.

Hung in thy chamber, buried in thy grave.

I always saw them in his room, and he ordered them to be buried with his body.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 86.

Cum sociis, natoque, Penatibus, et magnis dîs.
Note 85, page 34, col. 1.

Untouch'd, shall drop the fetters from the slave.
Je me transporte quelquefois au-delà d'un siècle.
J'y vois le bonheur à côté de l'industrie, la douce
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