spoken of in contrast with wilful sins, as being less heinous in God's sight; but they equally require an atonement and a sacrifice, and are not on that account to be thought little of, or disregarded.

INNOCENT, adj. Not guilty of a charge; one who does no injury to another; pure, clean from sin.

INNOCENCY, sub. The state of one who is free from fault, and clear from any charge; a state of freedom from sin.

INORDINATE, adj. Beyond all bounds; out of all reason; rebellious, and not submissive to order.

INSPIRE, v. To breathe into; usually spoken of God's breathing His Spirit into His Prophets and Apostles' hearts, to teach them what to write in their books for the edification of the Church, 2 Tim. iii. 16.

INSPIRATION, sub. The act of breathing into, or the state of having been so inspired.

INSTRUCT, v. To train up, or teach; to communicate knowledge on any subject.

INSTRUCTION, sub. Knowledge communicated on any subject; teaching in general, Prov. iv. 1; xiii. 1; xv. 32. INTENT, sub. An end or design; "to the intent that" means in order that, or to the end that, i.e. having such an end in view as the paragraph refers to.

INWARD, adj. Situated within the body, not on its surface, i.e. seated in the mind; internal; in the heart.

INWARDLY, adv. Having respect to that which is within ; in the heart.

ISRAELITES, sub. The descendants of Jacob, who was also called Israel. "The true Israelites" referred to in Collect, No. 30, are not those who are Israelites by birth only, for, as Rom. ix. 6, they are not all Israel which are of Israel, but those who are Abraham's seed in respect of their faith; all true believers of whatever nation, Rom. ii. 28, 29; Gal. ii. 28, 29; Phil. iii. 3.

JESUS, sub. This word means "a Saviour," and is the personal title of the Son of God, because He is the Saviour of sinners. He received this name by commandment of the angel, prior to His birth of the Virgin.

JEWS, sub. The descendants of Abraham, who formerly dwelt in Palestine; and were so called from Judea, a

name given to their country, from Judah, one of their tribes. The Jews are made the subjects of our special prayers on the day on which we commemorate the Crucifixion of the Saviour, because it was by their forefathers that that Saviour was rejected, and His blood yet rests on their unbelieving children; and because, unless they are brought to believe in that Saviour, a fearful condemnation assuredly awaits them all.

JOIN, v. To knit or unite together; to combine and form unions and alliances.

Joy, sub. A sweet emotion in the heart, filling its possessor with happiness; gladness in the heart.

JUDGE, v. To hear and decide a cause, as Solomon, 1 Kings, iii. 16-28; to pass sentence upon criminals after proof of guilt; to examine one's course and conduct, 1 Cor. xi. 31.

JUDGMENT, sub. The power or faculty of judging; the act of exercising that faculty; the sentence or determination come to by a judge, or after judging.

JUST, adj. One who acts truly and honourably with all; one who never defrauds or wrongs another; one who gives to all their dues; one who is justified before God. JUSTLY, adv. In a just manner; according to justice and right.

JUSTIFY, v. To make just or pronounce just; to acquit of a charge; to free one from suspicion of guilt, and make his innocence clear. In a religious sense, it means to make just at the bar of God; to clear a sinner from the guilt of his sins, and thereby to free him from the penalty those sins deserved. That men are thus justified is the result of Christ's sufferings in their stead (see next word); and when treating on the subject, it is commonly said that they are justified, 1, freely by grace, i.e. out of God's favour only, and not because of any merits of their own; 2, meritoriously by Christ, i.e. by merit on Christ's part, who has deserved, and in a manner earned, their justification for them, though they themselves deserve it not; 3, instrumentally by faith, i.e. faith is the instrument by which this justification is realised by the individuals themselves, and without which it is never attained; 4, evidentially by works, i.e. their works are the evidence of their justification, and they thereby testify before men

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that they have that faith whereby their justification is secured.

JUSTIFICATION, sub. The act of making just, or acquitting at the bar of God; or the state of those who are so made just and acquitted. The justification of a sinner in God's sight proceeds on these grounds. The sinner deserves death because of his sins; Jesus Christ steps in and suffers in his stead. The penalty due to sin being thus paid, justice is vindicated, the law magnified and made honourable; and so, without derogation from any of His attributes, God is able to pardon the sinner; or, in the words of Scripture, "He can be just and yet the justifier of him that believeth in Jesus." Hence justification on these terms is freely proclaimed, and all are invited to avail themselves thereof.

KEEP, v. To retain or hold fast; to protect and defend; to observe and practise.

KEEPER, sub. One who keeps or preserves. God is the keeper of His people. See Ps. cxxi.; Gen. xxviii. 15; 1 Pet. i. 5.

KING, sub. A sovereign prince, or chief ruler in a country.

KINGDOM, sub. A state or country under the dominion of a king.

KNOW, v. To have a clear understanding of a thing; to be correctly informed on any subject; to be acquainted with through the evidence of our senses.

KNOWLEDGE, sub. Certain intelligence or information on any subject; skill in any science or art; acquaintance with facts or persons.

LAMENT, v. To mourn over anything; to weep because of troubles and afflictions; to be very sorry for sins.

LAMENTATION, Sub. Mourning; bewailing of misfortune; sorrow on account of calamities which have overtaken us. The name, also, of a book in the Bible, so called because it contains the Lamentations of the Prophet over the desolate state of the city and people whom he loved.

LAUDABLE, adj. That which deserves praise; that which is worthy of commendation, and so acceptable.

LAW, sub. A rule given to men in accordance with which they should act; a command which men should obey. This phrase," The Law," is sometimes employed for the whole Word of God contained in the Scriptures, Ps. i. and xix.; sometimes for that portion of it comprised in the Decalogue, the Law of the ten commandments given by God on Sinai, Rom. vii. 7–12; sometimes for the Jewish dispensation as a whole, with all its types and shadows, which was removed at the coming of Christ, Gal. iv. 4, 5 ; Rom. viii. 3.

LEADING, sub. Direction; guidance.

LEARN, v. To receive instruction; to attend to instruction received, Phil. iv. 11.

LEARNING, sub. Information communicated on any subject; skill in anything; the act of acquiring information. LEAVEN, sub. A fermenting substance mixed with any body to make it light. It is applied, in the Gospel, to principles of good and evil; which are like leaven in their operation, gradually insinuating themselves into men's minds, as the leaven into the mass of meal or flour, until those minds are thoroughly embued therewith. Thus the leaven (i. e. these principles) is to be checked or fostered according as its nature is good or bad, Matt. xiii. 33; xvi. 6-12; 1 Cor. v. 6-8.

LET, v. A Saxon word of two meanings directly opposite to each other: on the one hand, it means to hinder, obstruct, prevent; in which sense it is used in the Collect (No. 4), and in the following passages of Scripture, Isa. xliii. 13; Rom. i. 13; 2 Thess. ii. 7. On the other it means to permit, or allow, or suffer; and this is its more general signification.

LIFE, sub. The space of time a man lives in the world; power of motion and of performing the actions proper to life: such is the natural or bodily life. The spiritual life, or life of the soul, is a state of union and fellowship with God; a state of favour and acceptance with God, realised through the reconciliation for sin made by Christ, and sustained by grace communicated from Him to His people, Ps. xxx. 5; John, vi. 35.

LIVING, adj. Enjoying life; possessing life.

LIKE AS, adv. In same manner as; according as. LIGHT, adj. Opposed to dark; a state of things not

dark. Used of knowledge, as in the Collects, it means possessing a right knowledge of Gospel truth, and shedding forth such a knowledge to all around. See Eph. v. 8; 1 Thess. v. 5; Matt. v. 14-16.

Look, v. To behold or see; to consider or take notice of anything: also to expect or wait for a thing, Tit. ii. 13; 2 Pet. iii. 12-14.

LORD, sub. A word of authority, signifying ruler, master, governor. But see Part I. p. 69.

LOVE, sub. A passion or emotion of the mind, causing us to delight in a thing; a strong affection and desire for any person or things.

LOVE, v. To have a strong desire for, or to have our hearts set on any person or thing, so as to be led to seek after them, to obtain possession of them, or to do them good.

LUST, sub. A craving of the body or mind for some unlawful gratification; desire after forbidden pleasures; coveting that to which we have no right, and which belongs to another. Lusts such as these are the fruitful source of all sin, are become the natural propensities of our natures through the fall, and must be repressed continually, because opposed to holiness and the will of God, Gal. v. 19, 17; 1 Pet. iv. 2-4.

MAJESTY, sub. A state of dignity and greatness. Applied to God, it means the infinite dignity, and greatness, and glory, with which the Godhead is surrounded.

MALICE, sub. A feeling of ill-will towards others, prompting us to injure them.

MANIFEST, v. To make known; to shew clearly and plainly; to reveal or discover.

MANIFESTATION, sub. The act of making clear; a full revelation or discovery.

MANIFOLD, adj. Many in number; numerous; repeated many times over. Such are our sins and our temptations to sin.

MANKIND, sub. The whole race of man on the face of the earth.

MARK, v. To heed diligently; to pay great attention to anything. See Collect, No. 2.

MARTYR, sub. A witness, but now confined to such as