Conservation of energy, ii. 83, 431. Constant numbers, i. 380; mathemati- cal, 381; physical, 383; astronomical, 384; terrestrial, 385; organic, 385; social, 386.
Continuity, sense of, ii. 117; detection of, 262; law of, 268, 419; failure of, 273.
Continuous quantity, ii. 108.
Contrapositive propositions, i. 100, 101. Conversion, i. 55; contrapositive, 97. Copernican theory, i. 283; ii. 153, 281, 298, 310. Copula, i. 19.
Corpuscular theory, ii. 150, 173, 304. Correction, method of, i. 406. Correlation, ii. 350, 354.
Cotes, Roger, means, i. 416; method of least squares, 437; weighted ob- servations, 450.
Couple, mechanical, ii. 318. Creation, i. 170; ii. 416.
Crystallography, i. 153; ii. 162, 184,
311, 319, 359, 398, 450. Crystals, pseudomorphic, ii. 324.
Curves, nature of, ii. 99; discovery of,
D'Alembert, probability, i. 244, 245; gravity, ii. 81.
Dalton, laws of, ii. 82, 91, 274, 329. Darwin, Charles, theory, ii. 8, 48, 165, 218, 405, 421; orchids, 19, 409; classification, 410; reproduction, 421. Davy, Sir H., instruments, i. 313; heat of friction, i. 397; ii. 23; electro- lysis, 29, 38.
Decandolle's system, ii. 387. Deduction, i. 13, 59; probable, 239. Definition, i. 64; ii. 397.
De la Rue, ii. 67, 109. De Morgan, sign of equality, i. 18; Aristotle's logic, 22; relatives, 27; limited universe, 52; complex pro- blems, 90; contrapositive conversion, 97; Euclid's indirect proof, 98; logical problems, 116; error of sys- tem, 135; numerically definite syllo- gism, 190; probability, 226; experi- ments on probability, 237; probable argument, 239; trisection of angle, 268; finite experience, 300; arcual unit, 358; personal error, 403; means, 419; average, 421 weighted obser- vations, 450; works on probability, 459; apparent sequence, ii. 13; small errors, 101; subequality, 102; gene- ralisation, 249; catalogues, 403.
Density, unity of, i. 371; of earth, ii.
207; negative, 304.
Depth of oceans, i. 347. Descartes, ii. 135, 290. Development, logical, i. 104. Diagnosis, ii. 394. Diamond, ii. 159, 261. Diatomaceæ, ii. 9, 410.
Difference, law of, i. 6, 87, 95; sign of, 20, 54; of numbers, 210: calculus of, ii. 122; logical, 377.
Differential calculus, ii. 99; thermo- meter, i. 400.
Diffraction of light, ii. 27. Discontinuity, ii. 274.
Discoveries, accidental, ii. 162; pre- dicted, 171.
Disjunctive terms, i. 79; conjunction, 80; proposition, 89, 127; syllogism, 92.
Donkin, i. 226, 227, 243, 248. Double refraction, ii. 174, 231, 361. Dove's law, ii. 168.
Draper's law, ii. 257. Duality, law of, i. 87, 95. Duration, i. 360.
Eclipses, i. 343; ii. 322.
Electric acid, ii. 38.
Electricity, ii. 163, 187, 237, 264; unit of, i. 379; theory of, ii. 154. Electrolysis, ii. 37, 163.
Electro-magnetism, ii. 164. Electrometer, i. 330.
Elements, classification of, ii. 347, 349, 364, 374.
Ellicott, on Clocks, ii. 70. Ellipsis, logical, i. 69. Elliptic variation, ii. 94. Ellis, A. J., i. 27, 190, 194. Ellis, W., effect of full moon, Emanation, law of, ii. 82. Emotions, ii. 424.
Empirical knowledge, ii. 132, 157, 158; measurements, 190.
Encke, Comet, i. 363; ii. 212; law of error, i. 445; mean, 449; resisting medium, ii. 155.
Energy, unit of, i. 376; conservation of, ii. 83, 431.
Equality, i. 56, 183; sign of, 18; meanings of, ii. 102. Equations, i. 142, 180; ii. 51. Equilibrium, unstable, i. 320; ii. 319. Equivalence, logical, i. 132, 134; re- markable case of, 162; ii. 323. Eratosthenes, sieve, i. 96, 141, 160; on latitude, 315, 342.
Error, function, i. 382; avoidance of, 393; personal, 402; rules for elimi- nating, 409; law of, 434; formula of,
442; probable, 451; constant, 460; theory of, ii. 90.
Ether, friction of, ii. 254. Euclid, axioms, i. 183; incommensur- ables, 319; right angle, 358; ana- logy, ii. 289.
Euler, on knowledge, i. 273; gravity, 274; ii. 81; medium of light, 143; corpuscular theory, 152. Exceptions, in induction, i. 152; classes of, ii. 308; imaginary or false, 309; apparent, 313; singular, 316; diver- gent, 320; accidental, 324; novel, 328; limiting, 331; real, 336; un- classed, 338.
Excluded middle, law of, i. 7. Exclusive alternatives, i. 234. Experiment, ii. 2, 22; simplification of,
30; failure in, 33; blind or test, i. 402; ii. 43; negative results of, 45; limits of, 48; collective, 57; discord- ance of, 198.
Experimentum crucis, ii. 135, 337. Explanation, ii. 157, 166.
Extent of, logical terms, i. 31; propo- sitions, 57,
Extrapolation, ii. 120.
Factorials, i. 202. Fallacies, i. 74, 117.
Faraday, Michael, on gold-leaf, i. 346; gravity, 396; ii. 236; magnetism of gases, i. 407; lycopodium, ii. 25; electrolysis, 29, 32, 83; electric poles, 29; electro-magnetism, 31, 184, 274; polarized light, 31, 318; precautions in experiment, 40; lines of force, 58; Arago's experiment, 170; velocity of electricity, 180; his researches, 223; reservation of judgment, 240; heavy glass, 261; electricity, 264; radiant matter, 304; hydrogen, 366. Fatality, i. 305.
Figurate numbers, i. 212, 214. Figure of earth, ii. 76, 207. Fizeau, Newton's rings, i. 347; ii. 227;
quartz, i. 367; revolving mirror, 349. Flamsteed, i. 314; use of wells, 342; standard stars, 351; parallax of pole star, 391; choice of observations, 415; instruments, 456; solar eclipses,
ii. 109. Fluorescence, ii. 332.
Forbes, J. D., i. 286; ii. 89, 454. Force, unit of, i. 375. Fossils, ii. 327.
Foucault, revolving mirror, i. 349; pendulum, 396; ii. 41; velocity of light, 53, 202.
Fourier, theory of heat, ii. 89, 438.
Fowler, Professor, inductive inference, i. 261; method of variations, ii. 51. Freezing mixtures, ii. 183.
Fresnel, inflexion of light, ii. 27; double refraction, 59; undulatory theory, 173.
Friction, determination of, i. 401; heat of, ii. 22, 187.
Functions, definition of, ii. 113; dis- covery of, 121.
Galileo, falling bodies, i. 333; differ- ential method, 399; projectiles, ii. 85; gravity, 254; continuity, 270. Galton, Francis, i. 214, 373; ii. 321. Galvanometer, i. 407.
Gas, ii. 90, 250, 266, 320, 334. Gauss, use of mirror,
334; pendulum experiments, 370; ii. 81; law of error, i. 436; constant errors, 461. Gay-Lussac, barometer, i. 401; law of, ii. 274; boiling point, 325. Genealogical tree, ii. 407.
General names, twofold meaning of, i. 31.
General principles, ii. 309; reasoning by, 243.
Generalisation, ii. 242, 389; two mean- ings of, 246; value of, 248; hasty, 278.
Genus, ii. 376; generalissimum, 379, 382; natural, 414.
Geology, ii. 327, 335, 337; negative arguments in, 18. Geometric mean, i. 418.
Geometry, reasoning in, i. 183, 268, 309. Gilbert, Copernican system, i. 287; magnetism, ii. 41; on experiment, 55. Gold-assay process, ii. 45. Gold-leaf, i. 346.
Gradation of character, ii. 410. Graham, Professor, ii. 267, 366. Grammar, rules of, i. 37; ii. 328; equivalents in, i. 138. Granite, classification of, ii. 422. Graphical method, ii. 116. Gravity, ii. 29, 75, 95, 96, 141, 144, 254, 313; measure of density, i. 371, 375; uniformity of, ii. 36, 56; Hooke's experiments, 46; law of, 80; Fara- day's experiments, 236.
Great Britain steamship, voyages of, i. 453.
Grove, ii. 267, 268; magnetism, i. 397; medium of light, ii. 143.
Halley's Comet, ii. 172, 315.
Hamilton, Sir William, on reasoning,
i. 136; free will, 257; quantification
of predicate, ii. 387. Hamilton, Sir W. Rowan, ii. 175. Haughton, Rev. S., on muscular exer- tion, ii. 114.
Heat, ii. 297; unit of, i. 378; measure- ment of, 405; mechanical equivalent of, ii. 211.
Heavy glass, ii. 235, 260.
Helmholtz, sound vibrations, ii. 8, 20, 98.
Hereditary descent, ii. 407.
Herschel, Sir J. F. W., plagihedral quartz crystals, i. 148, 283; density of earth, 210; photometry, 316, 352; numerical precision, 317; unit of length, 367; actinometer, 389; use of mean, 421; method of least squares, 437; double stars, 457; ii. 125; active and passive observation, 2; fluorescence, 2; full moon, 15; comets, 16; spectrum, 39; collective instances, 59; principle of forced vibrations, 65, 332; meteorological variations, 112; direct action, 129; use of theories, 136; ethereal medium, 145; experimentum crucis, 149; interference of light, 175; interference of sound, 176; residual phenomena, 212; discovery by ana- logy, 286.
Hindenburg, combinatorial analysis, i. 198.
Hipparchus, i. 337; ii. 306; use of i. 342.
Hobbes, cause, i. 257; time, 359; hypothesis, ii. 138.
Hofmann, crith, i. 374; prediction, ii.
181; anomalous vapour densities, 340. Homogeneity, law of, i. 179. Hooke, ii. 153, 342; gravity, 46; philosophical method, 135; memory, 288.
Horrocks, use of means, i. 415; hypo-
thesis, ii. 135; planetary motions,
Huxley, on classification, ii. 348, 354. Huyghens, Saturn's satellites, i. 341;
ii. 280; pendulum, i. 353, 369; cycloidal pendulum, 394; differential method, 399; stars, ii. 8; projectiles, 85; philosophical method, 135; un- dulatory theory, 151; double refrac- tion, 231; analogy, 301. Hybrids, ii. 416, 417. Hydrogen, dilatation of, ii. 91; refrac- tive power, 160; metallic nature of, 366.
Hygrometry, ii. 206.
Hypothesis, use of, i. 262; requisites of, 307; substitution of simple, ii. 74; representative, 156; descriptive, 359.
Identity, expression of, i. 18; pro- pagating power, 24; simple, 44; partial, 47; limited, 51; inference from, 61, 66.
Illicit process, i. 77, 119. Incommensurables, i. 319. Independence, of events, i. 233; of small effects, ii. 96.
Indexes, value of, ii. 405. India-rubber, ii. 182.
Indifferent circumstances, abstraction of, i. 112; exclusion of, ii. 26. Indirect method, i. 133; ii. 370; rules of, i. 105; illustrations of, 113. Induction, i. 13, 70, 139; inverse nature of, 14; of partial identities, 149; perfect, 164; imperfect, 168; grounds of, 262.
Inequality, reasoning by, i. 184, 186. Inference, process of, i. II; immediate, 60; from two simple identities, 61; sum of predicates, 73; with disjunc- tive propositions, 90; indirect method of, 95; nature of, 136; mathe- matical, 183.
Infima species, ii. 380, 382. Infiniteness of universe, ii. 431. Inhabitants of planets, ii. 301. Instantiae, citantes, evocantes, radii, curriculi, i. 313; monodicae, irregu; lares, heteroclitae, ii. 260; clan- destinae, 262.
Insufficient enumeration, i. 199. Insulators, ii. 265.
Intension, of logical terms, i. 31; pro- positions, 57.
Interpolation, ii. 120.
Inverse, operation, i. 140; problem, 154. Iodine, ii. 155, 366.
Iron, magnetic power of, ii. 40. Isomorphism, ii. 312, 330.
Jet of water, ii. 9, 58, 60. Jevons, W. S., cirrous clouds, ii. 15; elevated rain-guage, 40; experiments on liquids, 60; experiments on muscular exertion, 114; cometary retardation, 213; microscopic move- ments, 264.
Joule, ii. 179, 182, 187, 197; thermo- pile, i. 349; heat of compression, 350; temperature of air, 398; ex- periments on heat, 402; measure- ment of temperature, ii. 47; gases, 56; equivalent of heat, 211. Jupiter, satellites of, ii. 298, 322; eclipses of satellites, i. 433; figure of, ii. 196.
Lagrange, formula for interpolation, ii. 123; character of, 282; on algebraic geometry, 291. Language, ii. 284, 305. Laplace, probability, i. 227, 247; rule of inverse method, 279; planetary movements, 288, 289; solution of inverse problem, 296, 311; long inequality of Jupiter and Saturn, 342; atmospheric tides, 426; obser- vation of tides, 432; law of error, 438; works on probability, 460; dark stars, ii. 7; hyperbolic comets, II; knowledge, 13; velocity of gravity, 45; stability of planetary system, 61, 441; phases of Venus, 63; corpuscular theory, 152; figure of Jupiter, 196; figure of earth, 207; velocity of sound, 214; chemical affinity, 268; laws of force, 392; on Universe, 431.
Latent heat of steam, ii. 80. Lavoisier, oxygen, i. 274; ii. 336; decomposition of water, 3; simplifi- cation of experiments, 31; definition of element, 36.
Law, of identity, difference, duality, excluded middle, of thought, &c., i. 6, 7, 87, 88, 95; of things, 8; disjunctive relation, 85; commuta- tiveness, 85, 180, 200; Bode's, 165, 297; homogeneity, 179; error, 434; exact, ii. 79; discovery of, 90; Dalton's, 82, 91, 274, 329; empirical mathematical, 110; empirical quan- titative, 125; of emanation, 82; of nature, 143; Dove's, 168; Draper's 257; Carnot's, 257; of continuity, 268, 419; of motion, 270; reign of, 428; natural, 429.
Least squares, method of, i. 437, 458. Legendre, geometry, i. 319; least
Lindsay, T. M., i. 26.
Linnæus, ii. 399, 415, 416. Liquids, ii. 251, 267, 320, 334.
Locke, on number, i. 176; probability, 246; power, 254.
Logarithms, errors in tables of, i. 278; calculation of, iì. 6.
Logical Abecedarium, i. 107, 109, 214, 234; ii. 367, 380, 387; abacus, i. 119; slate, 110; machine, 123. Lucretius, atoms, i. 256; ii. 435; in- destructibility of matter, 277; gravity,
Machine, logical, i. 123; Smee's, 124. Macleay's system, ii. 407. Magnetism, and light, ii. 234; attrac- tion of, 256; universality of, 274; animal, 342.
Mallet, on earthquakes, i. 368. Malus, polarization of light, ii. 163. Mammalia, ii. 354, 372. Mansel, i. 83; ii. 384.
Mariotte, law of, ii. 91, 274. Mars, poles of, ii. 245, 300. Maskelyne, personal error, i. 402; den- sity of earth, ii. 209. Mass, unit of, i. 372. Materialism, ii. 428.
Mathematics, reasoning in, i. 173, 270; empirical discovery in, 266; nega- tive inductive arguments in, ii. 20; incompleteness of, 451. Maxwell, Clerk, on Balances, i. 355; speed of electricity, ii. 54; on Fara- day, 224.
Mean, method of, i. 414; derivation of word, 418; fictitious, 422; precise, 424; probable, 447. Measurement, exact, i. 313; conditions of accurate, 328; instruments of, 330; by natural coincidence, 341; modes of indirect, 345; systematic perform- ance of, 351; attainable accuracy, 354 units and standards of, 357; explained results of, ii. 193; accord- ance of, 201; best mode of, 204; agreement of distinct modes, 206. Melvill, Thomas, ii. 38. Metals, i. 298; ii. 365.
Meteorology, interpolation in, ii. 122 ; results in, 191.
Meteors, observation of, i. 432; ii. 16; number of, 12.
Method, inverse, i. 279; of measure- ment, 332; repetition, 335; indirect measurement, 345; of avoidance of error, 393; differential, 398; correc- tion, 400; compensation, 406; re- versal, 410; means, 416; least squares, 437; ii. 116; variations, ii. 50; graphi- cal, 116.
Metre, error in, i. 368; standard, 404. Michell, on probabilities, i. 242; star- systems, 285; star-discs, 455; torsion balance, ii. 208; Pleiades, 299. Milky Way, ii. 299.
Mill, J. S., on exclusive alternatives, i. 83; probability, 227, 245; cause, 254; inductive inference, 261; ii. 242; deductive method, i. 307; ii. 136; erroneous remarks on mean, i. 448; joint method of agreement, &c., ii. 34; method of concomitant varia- tions, 106; collocations, 434. Mineralogy, classification in, ii. 349, 406.
Momentum, unit of, i. 375.
Moon, fallacy concerning, ii. 14; atmo- sphere of, 45; periods of, 63; motions of, 107.
Muscular, susurrus, i. 348; exertion, ii. 114.
Negative terms, i. 17, 88; premises, 75; arguments, ii. 16, 276; results of experiment, 45.
Newton, Sir Isaac, binomial theorem, i. 266; planetary movements, 288; intervals of octave, 303; velocity of sound, 344; ii. 87, 214; measure- ment of light waves, i. 346; tides, 347; pendulum experiments, 354; ii. 55, 254; absolute time, i. 360; impact, 403; experiments on spec- trum, ii. 25, 28, 32; Newton's rings, 27, 59, 60, 89; inflexion of light, 27; gravity, 29; achromatic lenses, 42; resisting ether, 46; absorption of light, 58; theory of planetary motions, 73, 84, 86; resisting media, 86; differential calculus, 99; alchemy, 133; knowledge of Bacon's works, 134; on hypotheses, 144; natural colours, 147; vortices, 147; corpus- cular theory, 151; fits of easy re- flection, &c., 154; combustible sub- stances, 159; discovery of gravitation, 194; rules of philosophizing, 258, 280; undulatory theory, 295; nega- tive density, 304. Newtonian method, ii. 226. Noble's chronoscope, i. 360; ii. 270. Nomenclature, ii. 418.
Numbers, prime, 141; of Bernouilli, 143; nature of, 175; concrete and abstract, 178; triangular, 209; figu-
Numerically definite reasoning, i. 190.
Observation, ii. I; distinction from ex- periment, 2; mental conditions of, 4;
instrumental and sensual conditions of, 7; external conditions of, 10; weighted observations, i. 449. Odours, ii. 424.
Oersted, ii. 164, 169, 184.
Order, of terms, i. 40; of premises, 131. Oscillation, centre of, i. 423.
Ostensive instances, ii. 259. Ozone, ii. 331.
Parabola, ii. 74; orders of, 95; approxi- mate, 122.
Parallax of sun, ii. 203. Parallel forces, i. 422; ii. 317. Paralogism, i. 75, 118. Parity of reasoning, i. 310.
Partial identities, i. 47; inference from, 64, 66, 70, 71; induction of, 149. Particular reasoning, ii. 242. Pascal, arithmetical machine, i. 123; arithmetical triangle, 206, 211; prob- ability, 244, 246; barometer, ii. 149. Passive state of steel, ii. 326. Peculiar property, ii. 377. Peirce, i. 27.
Pendulum, i. 339, 352, 369, 423; ii. 79, 254.
Perfect induction, i. 164. Perigon, i. 358.
Permutations, of verses, i. 197; alpha- bet, 203; cards, 277. Perpetual motion, i. 256; ii. 277. Personal error, i. 402. Physical astronomy, ii. 76. Plagihedral crystals, ii. 287. Planets, conjunctions of, i. 205, 212; ii. 322; coincidences concerning, i. 304; ii. 356.
Plateau's experiments, ii. 36. Plattes, Gabriel, on divining rod, ii. 45; gradual effects, 49.
Plumbline, divergence of, i. 429. Poisson, on probability, i. 280; sidereal day, 362; works of, 460; Newton's rings, ii. 89; inflexion of light, 174; crystals, 180.
Polarized light, ii. 163, 234, 287, 296, 318.
Pole, of magnet, i. 424; of battery, ii. 29.
Pole-star, use of, i. 425; errors of observation of, 446; singularity of,
Porphyry, Isagoge, ii. 376; tree of, 381. Port Royal Logic, i. 26.
Pouillet's Pyrheliometer, i. 390. Powell, Baden, ii. 278, 327. Predicables, ii. 375.
Prediction, ii. 157, 171; in science of light, 173; in theory of undulations, 176; in other sciences, 178; by inversion of cause and effect, 181.
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