Friday last the long-talked-of battle between the noted Dick Goodison and Sam Chifney took place. They fought for half an hour extremely well, when victory declared for Goodison, who won owing to the superior strength and length of his arms.”

More of these two heroes and the race in question, perhaps, some readers of "N. & Q." would be so obliging as to supply. E.

[Very little appears to have been recorded of Samuel Chifney, senior, the celebrated jockey. He died Jan. 8, 1807, in the rules of the Fleet Prison, to which he had been confined some years for a small debt. His Genius Genuine was published (1804) chiefly in vindication of his conduct in reference to the two days' races above referred to, and contains "A Full Account of the Prince's Horse Escape' running at Newmarket." The work was "sold for the Author, 232. Piccadilly, and nowhere else. Price Five pounds.". Richard Goodison, commonly known as "H-ll Fire Dick," was by birth a Yorkshireman, and first distinguished himself on the turf in 1777. He died about the year 1826, near Newmarket, where he cultivated successfully a very extensive farm.]

·

on the

[The individual was Dr. James Scott, familiarly called by Goldsmith "Parson Scott." After studying for a short time at Catherine Hall, he migrated to Trinity College, Cambridge, and gained three prize medals. In 1765, at the suggestion of the Earl of Halifax, he published some political letters, signed "Anti-Sejanus" in the Public Advertiser. For a short time he was lecturer at Trinity Church, Leeds, but returned to the metropolis, and. wrote a variety of political pieces in the public journals under the signature of " Old Slyboots." In 1771, he was presented, through the interest of Lord Sandwich, to the rectory of Simonburn, in Northumberland. "I congratulate the ministry and the university," writes Nicholls to Gray the poet (April 29, 1771), honour they have both acquired by the promotion of Mr. Scott; may there never be wanting such lights of the Church! and such ornaments of that famous seminary of virtue and good learning." During the contest of Lords Sandwich and Hardwicke for the Cambridge High Stewardship, when Scott was busy, as usual, in libelling for his profligate patron, Gray had described the infamous party-hack as hired to do all in his power to provoke people by personal abuse, yet "cannot so much as get himself answered." (Works, iv. 34; v. 135.) Soon after Dr. Scott's induction to Simonburn, he became involved in litigation with his parishioners; and a suit which he commenced against them in 1774, after having been carried on for twenty years, at an enormous expense on both sides, was at length disposed of by his consenting to relinquish the claim he had set up for the tithe of agist

wards the costs which he had incurred. Dr. Scott died at his house in Somerset Street, Portman Square, on Dec. 10, 1814, in the 81st year of his age.]

Moonshine. Can any of your readers favour me with the origin, or probable origin, of the term "all moonshine ?" A. G.

["Moonshine" is in old-fashioned and provincial English "an illusive shadow," "a mere pretence" (Halliwell, Holloway). The expression, "It is all moonshine," is now variously applied, whether as referring to empty professions, to vain boasts, to promises not trustworthy, to questionable statements, or to any kind of extravagant talk. There exist, in several languages, so many words of lunar connexion, all implying variableness or inconstancy, that possibly this phrase also, "It is all moonshine," may have been primarily employed to express some degree of fickleness, caprice; in allusion to the inmoonlight. When any one professes or promises great constancy or changeableness of the moon, or rather things, which we do not expect to see realised, we say, "It is all moonshine:" for moonshine is very shifty; one week we have it, another we have it not; nay, it shifts from night to night. "Lunes," in old English, are not only fits of insanity, but freaks. And the term "lunatic" itself did not properly signify a person always insane, but one who was mad at intervals, dependant, as was supposed, on the phases of the moon. This distinction is still very accurately maintained in Spanish philology: "Lunatico. El loco, cuya demencia no es continua, sino por intervalos que proceden del estado en que se halla la Luna." Hence also in French, modern and old: "Il a des lunes," he is whimsical or fantastic; "Tenir de la lune," to be inconstant, mutable; "Avoir vn quartier de la lune en la teste," or "Il y a de la lune," he is changeable, giddy, capricious. In the "language of symbols," the moon is the emblem of hypocrisy, as in the following device: "La Lune, avec ces mots, Mentiri didicit.

(Elle trompe toûjours.) Pour l'hypocrisie, dont la Lune est le simbole." Menestrier, Philosophie des Images, vol. i. p. 266. Another emblem is the following:

"La Lune.

Non vultus non color unus.

Pour une personne qui n'est pas sincère."—Ib. i. 269. "Moonshine," in conformity with these ideas, was probably employed originally in characterising the talk of persons too mutable to be relied on from one time to another.]

Bishop Abbot's MS. Commentary on Romans. Is there not in the Bodleian Library a complete Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, in MS., by Robert Abbot, Bishop of Salisbury? So says Erasmus Middleton, in his Evangelical Biography, vol. ii. p. 382. Is it not to be regretted that such a work by such a man should be lost to the public?

Авива.

[The work is in the Bodleian, and consists of four volumes, Nos. 8638-3641., entitled "Rob. Abbot, Episc. Sarisb. Prælectiones sacræ in S. Pauli Epistolam ad Romanos." It is written in a very clear hand, and filling 3692 pages in folio, 21 lines in a page, 8 inches wide. The same library also contains the following MS.: No. 8120. "Collections out of Mr. Robert Abbot's Answer.to D. Bishop."]

Lady Ashburton.-About thirty or thirty-five years ago, Lady Ashburton, a widow said to be possessed of a fortune of 200,000l., made a great figure in the Northern metropolis. It was supposed that her fortune ultimately descended to Lord Cranstoun, to whom she was related. Who was the Lord Ashburton? Dunning, I think his name was. Of what family was she? T.

[The lady above referred to was Anne, widow of Richard Barrè Dunning, the second and last Baron Ashburton of that family, who died at Friars' Hall, Roxburghshire, in February, 1823. She was the daughter of William Cunningham, of Lainshaw, Esq.]

Tennis. Our English game of Tennis is identical with the French Jeu de Paume; but what is the meaning of the English name Tennis? It is old, being mentioned by Shakspeare, who must himself have been a tennis-player from the correctness with which he speaks the language of the

game:

"We're glad the Dauphin is so pleasant with us.
His present and your pains we thank you for.
When we have match'd our rackets to these balls,
We will, in France, by God's grace, play a set
Shall strike his Father's crown into the hazard.

Tell him he 'ath made a match with such a wrangler

That all the Courts of France will be disturbed
With Chases.”"

And the Cronycles of Englonde (Wynkyn de Worde, 1528), speaking of the Dauphin's insulting present to Henry V., says, "And somwhat in scorne and despyte he sent to hym a tonne full of tenes balles." A PLAYER.

[Richardson, in his Dictionary, explains that the name of this game, Tennis, "is from the French Tenez, accipe, take a word which the French, who excel in this game, use when they hit the ball." Dr. Richardson adds, "Skinner has two other conjectures not so plausible." See "N. & Q." 1st S. xii. 308.]

Dr. Bongout.—Who wrote The Journey of Dr. Bongout and his Lady to Bath in 177. Dodsley,

1778 ?

T. G. L.

to have mingled in one heterogeneous mass the key-notes of two different offices. It appears to me to be simply absurd to mingle what never could have been intended to be, and what never used to be, mixed. It may be a question with some persons whether the office for the Saint's day, or Sunday, be used: but I cannot understand any compromise between the two, proceeding upon principle. On the greater holy days, of course, the lesser saint's day office gives way. But if private judgment which in some form or another answers most of JACOB's Queries - prevail, the custom of the church carries no weight.

There is only one case which suggests itself to me, as in any degree lawful, in which the lessons for the Sunday and the office of Holy Communion for the saint's day might be used; and that is where Morning Prayer and Holy Communion are said at different hours, such as before and after breakfast. This I should not think advisable.

are,

on some,

The two latest authorities I have at hand are Mr. Procter and Professor Blunt. With all admiration for the latter, neither of these writers I believe, eminent rubricians. It may not be amiss, however, to hear what they say. On the subject of Proper Lessons, the Professor " ventures to say thus much, that in general the weight of argument is on the side of adopting the lessons for the holy day. For, 1st, "on some Holy Days, e.g. the Epiphany, the Athanasian Creed is made to supersede that of the Apostles; and he argues from the Creeds to the Lessons, 2d, 66 e.g. Conversion of S. Paul, there is no second lesson appointed, and the minister is driven for the second lesson, at least, to the saint's day." 3d. It is argued from the analogy of the rubrics of the state services. Still Mr. Blunt says there is a difficulty of course he means the lessons from the Apocrypha. In the cases these are apthat from the analogy of the rule on which proper pointed to be read on a saint's day, he thinks, lessons are selected, that hesitation to adopt them may be reasonable. This is clearly opposed to his second great argument. He does not attempt to show that the church ever intended a mixture of services. Whilst upon no fewer than three saints' days, S. Peter, Conversion of S. Paul, and All Saints, which cannot I believe fall on any greater holy day, the church has deliberately selected special lessons from the Apocrypha and the New Testament, and the minister, to use the Professor's words, is driven to use the selected second lesson at the least. Unless then it can be shown what I do not think can be proved — that the church sanctions an admixture of offices, the onus probandi that the selected saint's day lessons be not used, lies with JACOB's and my own opponents. To my mind this consideration is final.

Mr. Procter takes the same line of analogy from the Sunday lessons as Mr. Blunt, only with less

On the subject of holy-days falling on Sundays, and the rules for the reading of the lessons, &c. in such case, your correspondent JACOB will find the following in Wheatly on the Common Prayer, p. 190.:

"In relation to the concurrence of two holy-days together, we have no directions either in the rubric or elsewhere which must give place, or which of the two services must be used. . . . For this reason some ministers, when a

holy-day happens upon a Sunday, take no notice of the holy-day (except that sometimes they are forced to use the second lesson for such holy-day, there being a gap in the column of second lessons in the calender), but use the service appointed for the Sunday; alleging that the holy-day, which is of human institution, should give way to the Sunday, which is allowed to be of divine. But this is an argument which I think not satisfactory; for though the observation of Sunday be of divine institution, yet the service we use on it is of human appointment. Nor is there anything in the services appointed to be used on the ordinary Sundays, that is more peculiar to, or tends to the greater solemnity of the Sunday, than any of the services appointed for the holy-days. What slight, therefore, do we show to our Lord's institution, if, when we meet on the day that He has set apart for the worship of Himself, we particularly praise Him for the eminent virtues that shined forth in some saint, whose memory that day happens to bring to our mind? Such praises are so agreeable to the duty of the day, that I cannot but esteem the general practice to be preferable, which is, to make the lesser holy-day give way to the greater; as an ordinary Sunday, for instance, to a saint's day; a saint's day to one of our Lord's festivals; and a lesser festival of our Lord to a greater: except that some, if the first lesson for the holy-day be out of the Apocrypha, will join the first lesson of the Sunday to the holy-day service: as observing that the church, by always ap pointing canonical Scripture upon Sundays, seems to countenance their use of a canonical lesson even upon a holy-day, that has a proper one appointed out of the Apocrypha, if that holy-day shall happen upon a Sunday." M. C. H.

In the Clerical Papers, edited by the Rev. W. H. Pinnock (Cambridge, 1853) pp. 368-372., your correspondent will find the opinions of vari ous bishops and eminent writers, with regard to the concurrence of holy days, given at full length. The following directions of Dr. Mant, Bishop of Down and Connor, seem to have been followed at the Abbey:

"In the case of the Lord's Day concurring with a Saint's day, I prefer the First Lesson for the latter, unless it be from the Apocrypha, when the Sunday Lesson from a Canonical Book may on the whole be preferable When a Saint's day coincides with the Lord's Day, I

prefer the Collect for the former. The reading of both Collects is not agreeable to the provision of the Church." -Hor. Lit. pp. 45. 48.

The late Bishop of London, however, in his Charge for 1842 (p. 65.) recommends the use of the Lessons for the Sunday, the Collects for both days, and the Epistle and Gospel for the Saint's day. RESUPINUS.

FOTHERINGAY CASTLE AND CHURCH.

(2nd S. vi. 91.)

In reply to the inquiries of MR. STAUNTON, I beg to mention that I visited the site of Fotheringay Castle in May, 1857, and May, 1858. The quotation which he has referred to, relative to the fetterlock, appears substantially, although in other words, in Camden's Mag. Brit.; but there is a slight want of accuracy in Camden's stating that, when Edward of Langley rebuilt the castle, he made the keep in the form of a fetterlock: "the highest fortification, commonly called in castles the keepe, in the form of a fetterlock." The lofty circular mount, where the keep once stood, yet remains; and it does not differ from those which may be seen in many other places where keeps of castles were formerly standing. It was not the keep, but the Castle of Fotheringay, which was built in the form of a fetterlock. All the walls of the castle have been completely demolished, the stonework has been removed, and it is believed that the Talbot Inn at Oundle, which is evidently of the age of James I., who demolished the castle, was built with the stones from it.

Sufficient remains of the earthworks and ramparts of the castle, however, are yet there (except on the side (western) nearest to the village of Fotheringay, (where they have been levelled within the memory of persons now living,) to show that the castle was built in the form of a fetterlock, with a flat face or portion on the side (westward) nearest to the village, and circular on the eastward portion. A very small mass of masonry, a few feet long, lies near the river, and seems to have slipped or been thrown down from the outer wall.

where a view of the castle (as I presume in its I cannot reply to the part of the inquiry as to original state) can be seen, for I never saw one. been a magnificent edifice; but at present all The church of Fotheringay must once have that remains of it is the nave with its side aisles, and the tower, which are very beautiful.

The The church

nave is now used for divine service. contains a very handsome and large stone font, apparently of the early part of the fifteenth century; which is not only an object of interest from its beauty, but as King Richard III. was born at Fotheringay on October 2, 1452 (see William of

Wyrcester), it is only a reasonable inference that he was baptized at that font.

When the chancel was destroyed, the bodies of Richard Duke of York, Cecily his Duchess, and Edward Duke of York, his uncle, were removed from the places in the church where they had been originally deposited (wrapped in lead), and were interred near the present altar, and monuments of plaster (now whitewashed) were erected over them by the order of Queen Elizabeth. A correct description of them is given in Gough's Additions to Camden, except that the inscriptions are at present quite legible, and not, as there stated, almost defaced.

On the left (north) side of the altar, when facing it, are the armorial bearings of Richard Duke of York, impaling those of his Duchess, and the following inscription:

"Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, Nephew to Edward Duke of York, and Father to King Edward 4th, was slain at Wakefield in the 37th year of Henry 6th, 1459,* and lies buried here with Cecily his wife Cecily, Duchess of York, Daughter to Ralph Neville, first Earl of Westmoreland."

On the monument on the right side of the altar are the armorial bearings of Edward Duke of York, and the following inscription:

"Edward Duke of York was slain at the battle of Agincourt, in the 3d year of Henry 5th, 1415.

"These monuments were made in the year of our Lord 1573."

There is not any monument, or inscription, to the memory of Edmund Earl of Rutland; whose body was, with that of his father, Richard Duke of York, first interred at Pontefract, and afterwards removed and interred in Fotheringay church. RICHARD BROOKE.

"The remarkable circumstances attendant on the death of Lord Lyttelton having been so variously represented, a statement of the relations may afford the public some degree of satisfaction, and tend to prove that the intervention of that Divine providence which governs the universe is not inconsistent with reason or truth. The authority of the narrative may be depended upon.

* I am not able to account for the date 1459, as all the old writers, as far as I am aware, give the year 1460 as that in which the battle of Wakefield was fought.

"There was a gentleman of much respectability who had a residence at Clent, near Hagley Park, the seat of Lord Lyttelton. The family consisted of himself, wife, son, and four daughters, the eldest married, the others living with their parents. In June, 1778, the gentleman died, previous to which time Lord Lyttelton was in the habit of visiting the family, but afterwards appeared desirous of greater intimacy; to accomplish which he repeated his visits in the autumn, and made the young ladies a present of some elegant paraphernalia on New Year's day, 1779, with a letter subjoined, written in the phraseology of Scripture (of which the following is a copy), probably to ingratiate himself with the mother, who was a lady of exalted understanding and great dignity of manners.

"The 1st chap. of St. Thomas' Epistle to the Clentiles. 1st. Behold I will speak to you, oh daughters of Clent, in the language of wisdom, and give you understanding in the paths of peace.

"2nd. Look not, Eliza, upon men, yea upon the sons of men, with an eye of concupiscence, saying, I am not short-sighted; for verily the wicked will beware of the intentions of the heart. 3rd. Take heed of thy ways, lest thou be like the foolish woman, even like Mary (Mrs. Cameron *), who will repent as Magdalen repented.

tt t

"4th. Did she not turn away from her mother, even the mother who brought her forth, to seek after new conventions?

"5th. But be thou steady, like the cedar of Mount Libanon, that taketh not to the earth, but lifteth her tall head to the oaks.

"6th. As to thee, oh Christian! (Mrs. Wilkinson), remember after whom thou art called, and seek not thy cloak in the dark.t

"7th. Trust not thy cunning, for that which appeareth to thee wisdom, is but folly to the wise.

"8th. Go to, thou art brown, but thou art pleasant to look upon, and thy ways are full of pleasantness.

"9th. Thy eye is as the eye of the Basilisk, and it burneth like the red star in the tail of Sagittarius.

10th. Thou dost excel all the daughters of the West in the works of thy needle, and thy voice is sweet in the ear.

"11th. When thou singest thy voice is like the voice of the nightingale when she mourneth for her mate by the river of Solon in the shady groves of Jehoshaphat.

"12th. Thy mother putteth her trust in thee, be thou to her a comfort when her heart is sad,

* The married sister, who had acted imprudently. ud + The circumstance of the cloak refers to a reply that Miss Christian made when interrogated respecting her absence, that she was looking for her cloak.

"16th. Thy lips shed the perfumes of Arabia, and the fountain of health is in thy mouth.

"17th. Thou art a daughter of the spring, and early dost thou put forth thy loveliness; and many are the days thou shalt see.

18th. But mind, thou blossom of youth, the finest bud is the soonest blasted, and behold the ruffian winds prey on its sweets.

"19th. Avoid thou the tempter in the wilderness, and cast thou the serpent under thy feet. "20th. For although thy words are fierce and violent, thy heart is soft as the plumes on the breast of the swan.

"21st. Grow up yet a little and the sons of men shall be captivated by thy comeliness, and the great men of the land shall sigh for thy beauty. "22nd. Now unto thee, oh Mary, the mother of Eliza, of Christian, and Margaret, to thee be all honor and praise.

"23rd. Thou dost hold up thy head in the Temple among the rulers of the people,-high is thy fame in the land, thy sentences are mighty and full of wisdom, like to the Proverbs of the son of Sirach.

24th. Behold! thou art a woman of exceeding spirit, justice and temperance enlighten thy ways. "25th. Yet thou art a lonely and a widow woman, and the wickedness of man is against thee.

"26th. Trust not therefore to thyself, but take unto thee a helpmate, for so the Lord has appointed.

"27th. Then shalt thou be defended from the peril and dangers of widowhood, and shalt answer the end of thy creation.

"28th. Trust thou to the honesty of a friend, and believe in the counsel of him who has understanding.'

"The poor mother, not apprehending any disagreeable consequences, read the letter to her daughters, who were then of tender age, the youngest 15, the next 17, and the other 19: which inadvertence (as the mother afterwards thought upon it) rested very much on her mind; and from repeated attentions on the part of his lordship, familiar intercourse ensued, which terminated in the residence of the three young ladies at Hagley Park, quite contrary to the express command of their mother, whose delicacy was shocked at her daughters being under the

same roof with a man of Lord Lyttelton's cha

racter.

About a

"In September his lordship's engagements requiring him to visit Ireland, Miss Christian, at his instigation, accompanied him, together with a lady of Irish extraction: this indiscretion greatly augmented the mother's afflicted state. month after that period, the two sisters, who had remained at Hagley Park during the absence of the party, went to meet them at a place where they were expected to land, and all came together to his lordship's town residence in Hill Street, Berkeley Square, where they continued till November. On the 26th of that month, about two in the morning, Lord Lyttelton was awakened by something like the fluttering of a bird among the curtains of his bed, which suddenly escaped, and the figure of a woman of majestic aspect (the very image of the mother of the young ladies, as declared by his lordship), made her appearance and told him to prepare for his departure for another world, for that within three days he should be with her in the state of the dead.

"This most extraordinary occurrence making a deep impression on the mind of Lord Lyttelton, he, early in the morning, communicated it to the ladies, who ridiculed what appeared to them the effect of a heated imagination; and to divert his gloom proposed a visit to Epsom, where his lordship had a seat that he won from Lord Foley. Here they spent the night, and the following day returned to Hill Street, where a party was invited to meet them, and all the jocularity exerted on the occasion could not dissipate the anxiety of his lordship, though he affected to treat the circumstance with contempt, and exclaimed upon retiring, If I live over tonight, I shall jockey the ghost!' The young ladies accompanied his lordship to his room to notice some paintings, and presently retired, when, before they were undressed, a servant ran hastily to their door, demanding admittance, and declared that his lordship was dying. Before the ladies could reach the room, his lordship was speechless, and on their entry expired in great agonies. What render the circumstances still more remarkable is, that the next post brought the young ladies an account of their mother's death, who departed precisely at the time Lord Lyttelton saw the vision." LEEK.

ANCIENT SEAL.

(2nd S. vi. 110.)

The seal in question is apparently an old talisman or magic seal; many of the characters inscribed upon it corresponding to the attributes (in magic) of the planet Mercury. The square within a square certainly belongs to that planet, being termed "the seal or character of Mercury."