to her enemies by her most eminent and trusted citizen, Thomas Hutchinson, when, at Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775, her farmers struck the first blow in the war of American Independence. Another eightysix years ensued, and a domination of slave-holders, more odious than that of Stuarts or of Guelphs, had been fastened upon her, when on April 19, 1861, the streets of Baltimore were stained by the blood of her soldiers on their way to uphold liberty and law by the rescue of the National Capital.

In the work now finished, which is accordingly a work in itself, I have traversed the first of these three equal periods relating to the history of New England, down to the time of her first revolution. If my years were fewer, I should hope to follow this treatise with another, on the history of New England under the Whig dynasties of Great Britain. But I am not so sanguine as I was when, six years ago, I proposed "to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people of New England." Nor can I even promise to myself that I shall have the resolution to attempt anything further of this kind. Some successor will execute the inviting task more worthily, but not with more devotion, than I have brought to this essay, nor I think, with greater painstaking.

As I part from my work, many interesting and grateful memories are awakened. I dismiss it with little apprehension, and with some substantial satisfaction of mind; for mere literary reputation, if it were accessible to me, would not now be highly attractive. My ambition has rather been to contribute something to the welfare of my country, by reviving the image of the ancient virtue of New England; and I am likely to persist in the hope that in an honest undertaking I shall not appear altogether to have failed.

THE AWAKENING.

A portion of the people of New England deplored the departure of what was, in their estimation, a sort of golden age. Thoughtful and religious men looked back to the time when sublime efforts of adventure and sac

rifice had attested the religious earnestness of their fathers, and, comparing it with their own day of absorption in secular interests, of relaxation in ecclesiastical discipline, and of imputed laxness of manners, they mourned that the ancient glory had been dimmed. The contrast made a standing topic of the election sermons preached before the government from year to year, from the time of John Norton down. When military movements miscarried, when harvests failed, when epidemic sickness brought alarm and sorrow, when an earthquake spread consternation, they interpreted the calamity or the portent as a sign of God's displeasure against their backsliding, and appointed fasts to deprecate his wrath, or resorted to the more solemn expedient of convoking synods to ascertain the conditions of reconciliation to the offended Majesty of Heaven.-A Compendious History of New England.

His daughter, SARA HAMMOND PALFREY, born in 1823, has written several works, in prose and verse, usually under the nom de plume of E. Foxton. They are entitled Prémices, poems (1855); Herman (1866); Agnes Winthrop (1869); The Chapel (1880); The Blossoming Rod (1887).

His son, FRANCIS WINTHROP PALFREY, born in 1831, was graduated at Harvard in 1851, and at the Cambridge Law School in 1853. He served in the Civil War, rose to the rank of colonel, and having been severely wounded, was brevetted as brigadier-general, and in 1872 was made register in bankruptcy. Besides contributions to the "Military Papers of the Historical Society of Massachusetts," and to periodicals, he wrote a Memoir of William F. Bartlett (1879); Antietam and Fredericksburg (1882), and edited Vol. V. of his father's History of New England.

PALGRAVE, SIR FRANCIS, an English historian, born in London in July, 1788; died at Hampstead, near London, July 6, 1861. His family name was Cohen, which, at his marriage, he exchanged for that of his wife's mother. He was carefully educated at home, but, his father's fortunes failing, he was in 1803 articled as clerk to a firm of solicitors, with which he remained until 1822, when he was employed under the Record Commission. In 1827 he was admitted to the bar. He had then contributed articles to the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, and had, in 1818, edited a collection of Anglo-Norman Chansons. In 1831 he published a History of England, and in 1832 The Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth and Observations of Principlesof New Municipal Corporations. In the latter year he was knighted. In 1837 he published Merchant and Friar. During the last twentythree years of his life he held the office of Deputykeeper of her Majesty's Records. In this capacity he edited Curia Regis Records, Calendars and Inventories of the Exchequer, Parliamentary Writs, and Documents Illustrative of the History of Scotland. His greatest work is a History of Normandy and of England, of which the first volume appeared in 1851, the second in 1857, and the third and fourth after the author's death.

His son, FRANCIS TURNER PALGRAVE, born at

London in 1824; died in October, 1897, wrote some very acceptable poetry. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford; was for five years Vice-principal of the Training College for Schoolmasters, and was subsequently appointed to a position in the educational department of the Privy Council. In 1886 he was elected Professor of Poetry at Oxford. His principal poetical works are Idyls and Songs (1854); Hymns (1868); Lyrical Poems (1871). He compiled The Golden Treasury of English Songs (1861), and wrote Essays on Art (1866); Life of Sir Walter Scott (1867); The Visions of England (1881 and 1889); The Treasury of Sacred Songs (1889).

THE FATE OF HAROLD.

The visitor is now installed; but what has become of the mortal spoils of his competitor? If we ask the monk of Malmesbury, we are told that William surrendered the body to Harold's mother, Githa, by whose directions the corpse of the last surviving of her children was buried in the Abbey of the Holy Cross. Those who lived nearer the time, however, relate in explicit terms that William refused the rites of sepulture to his excommunicated enemy. Guillielmus Pictarensis, the chaplain of the Conqueror, a most trustworthy and competent witness, informs us that a body of which the features were undistinguishable, but supposed from certain tokens to be that of Harold, was found between the corpses of his brothers, Gurth and Leofwine, and that William caused this corpse to be interred in the sands of the sea-shore. "Let him guard the coast," said William, "which he so madly occupied;" and though Githa had offered to purchase the body by its weight in gold, yet William was not to be tempted by the gift of the sorrowing mother, or touched by her tears.

In the Abbey of Waltham, they knew nothing of Githa. According to the annals of the Convent, the