IUSTI, GIUSEPPE, an Italian poet; born at Monsummano, near Pistoja, May 13, 1809; died at Florence, March 31, 1850. He was of a noble family, and received the usual education of young men of his time. After leaving school he went to study "the humanities" at the University of Pisa; but passed his time at the cafés more than in the philosophical classes. While quite young he began to write satirical verses of a political character, which brought him into some difficulty with the existing Government of Tuscany. Among the most notable of his poems of this class is the Instruction to an Emissary, which was written in 1847, when the Italians were aspiring to national independence and self-government, while their rulers were conceding privileges, and conspiring with Austria to maintain. the old system.

"His verses," said Gualterio, "will live as the best picture of the manners of his times; of the political passions, and, so to speak, the inflammatory humors, of the society in which he moved. His satire never descended to personalities, except when aimed at the occupants of high places; and then not from envy of their power, but only so far as their public station. brought them within the jurisdiction of general criticism." "I believe," said he himself, "that I have never scoffed at virtue, or cast ridicule on the gentle affections."

THE MINISTER'S INSTRUCTION TO AN EMISSARY.

You will go into Italy; you have here

Your passport and your letters of exchange;

You travel as a count, it would appear,

Going for pleasure and a little change; Once there, you play the rodomont, the queer

Crack-brain good fellow, idle gamester, strange Spendthrift and madcap. Give yourself full swing; People are taken with that sort of thing.

When you behold - and it will happen so
The birds flock down about the net, be wary;
Talk from a warm and open heart, and show
Yourself with everybody bold and merry.
The North's a dungeon, say, a waste of snow,
The very house and home of January,
Compared with that fair garden of the earth,
Beautiful and free, and full of life and mirth.

Be bold and shrewd; and be not too quick -
As some are- and plunge headlong on your prey,
When if the snare should happen not to stick,
Your uproar frightens all the rest away;
To take your hare by carriage is the trick;
Make a wide circle, do not mind delay;
Experiment and work in silence; scheme.
With that wise prudence that shall folly seem.

Scatter republican ideas, and say

That all the rich and all the well-to-do

Use common people hardly better, nay,

Worse, than their dogs; and add some hard words too; Declare that bread's the question of the day,

And that the Communists alone are true;

And that the foes of an agrarian cause
Waste more than half of all by wicked laws.

If you should have occasion to spend, spend;
The money won't be wasted: there must be
Policemen in retirement, spies without end,
Shameless and penniless; buy, and you are free.
If destiny should be so much your friend

That you could shake a throne or two for me

Pour me out treasures. I shall be content;
My gains will be at least seven cent. per cent.

In order not to awaken any fear

In the post-office, 'tis my plan that you
Shall always correspond with Liberals here;
Don't doubt but I shall hear of all you do
-'s a Republican known far and near;
I haven't another spy that's half as true!
You understand, and I need say no more;
Lucky for you if you get me up a war.

-Translation of W. D. Howells.

ITALY, THE LAND OF THE DEAD.

'Mongst us phantoms of Italians-
Mummies even from our birth-

The very babies' nurses

Help to put them under earth.

'Tis a waste of holy water

When we're taken to the font;
They that make us pay for burial
Swindle us to that amount.

In appearance we're constructed
Much like Adam's other sons;
Seem of flesh and blood, but really
We are nothing but dry bones.

O deluded apparitions,

What to you do among men?
Be resigned to fate, and vanish.

Back into the Past again!

Ah! of a perished people

What boots now the brilliant story?
Why should skeletons be bothering
About Liberty and Glory? . .

O you people hailed down on us

From the Living over head,

With what face can you confront us, Seeking health among us Dead?

O ye grim sepulchral friars,
Ye inquisitorial ghouls,
Lay down, lay down forever
The ignorant censor's tools.

This wretched gift of thinking,
O ye donkeys, is our doom;
Do you care to expurgate us,
Positively in the tomb?

Why plant this bayonet forest
On our sepulchres? What dread
Causes you to place such jealous
Custody upon the Dead?

Well, the mighty book of Nature
Chapter first and last must have;
Yours is now the light of heaven,
Ours the darkness of the grave.

But, then, if you ask it,

We lived greatly in our turn,

We were grand and glorious, Gino,

Ere our friends up there were born!

O majestic mausoleums,

City walls outworn with time,

To our eyes are even your ruins
Apotheosis sublime!

O'er these monuments in vigil
Cloudless the sun flames and glows

In the wind for funeral torches
And the violet and the rose,

-

And the grape, the fig, the olive,
Are the emblems fit for grieving;

"Tis, in fact, a cemetery

To strike envy in the Living.

Well, in fine, O brother Corpses,

Let them pipe on as they like;
Let us see on whom hereafter

Such a death as ours shall strike!

'Mongst the anthems of the function
Is not Dies Ira? Nay,

In all the days to come yet,

Shall there be no Judgment Day?

- Translation of W. D. Howells.

LADDEN, WASHINGTON, an American clergyman and essayist; born at Pottsgrove, Pa., February 11, 1836. He was graduated from Williams College in 1859, and in 1860 was ordained minister in the Congregational Church. He held various pastorates and in 1882 became pastor of the First Congregational Church at Columbus, Ohio. He is widely known as a writer and lecturer on social reforms. His published works include: Plain Thoughts On the Art of Living (1868); Workingmen and Their Employers (1876); The Christian League of Connecticut (1883); Things New and Old (1884); The Young Men and the Churches (1885); Applied Christianity (1887); Parish Problems (1888); Burning Questions (1889); Who Wrote the Bible (1891); Tools and the Man (1893); Social Facts and Forces (1897); Art and Morality (1897); The Christian Pastor (1898); How Much is Left of the Old Doctrine (1899); Witnesses of the Light (1903); and Where Does the Sky Begin? (1904).

VOL. XI.-10