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1833. The charter was renewed for another twenty years. It put an end to the Company's exclusive right to the China trade.

Reforms were introduced in the constitution for Indian government. A new legal member, not necessarily a servant of the Company, was added to the Board of Control. Macaulay was the first man sent to India in this capacity. A Law Commission was appointed. The Governor-General-in-Council was given control over all the Presidencies, in civil and military administration.

1853. The charter was renewed for an indefinite time. 1858. The Act for the Better Government of India It transferred the administration

passed.

from the Company to the crown.

The Present Government of India

In 1876 Queen Victoria assumed the title of Empress of India. India is now divided into British and Feudatory India. British India is divided into twelve Provinces. Each has its own governor, but all are under the supreme control of the Governor-Generalin-Council, who bears the title, also, of Viceroy of India. The Viceroy and the governors of Madras

and Bombay are appointed by the Queen. The gov ernors of the other provinces are nominated by the Viceroy, from the Anglo-Indian service. Calcutta is the seat of government in the winter, and Simla in the Himalayas in the summer. There are Legislative Councils in the various provinces, and in 1893 the first general election to the Legislative Councils was held.

Feudatory India consists of states governed by native princes, under the advice of a British Resident stationed at each court by the Viceroy. Some of these princes have more power than others, but all are limited by treaties in which they acknowledge the suzerainty of the British Government. The feudatory states are not allowed to make war on each other, or to make alliances with foreign powers. Questions of intervention of outside powers in India are now treated the same as encroachments on any other soil belonging to the Queen's Government.

INDIAN TERMS

The Indian Government has adopted a system of pronunciation for the words in common use. The vowels are sounded as in Latin. The accents marked on the words below are authorized. The best authorities differ in their spelling, so two or three are given. Macaulay's is put first, though usually it is not the most common.

Great Mogul', Mughal. Mogul, the name of the last Mohammedan Dynasty that ruled in India. Great Mogul, title of the emperor of the Moguls, who claimed to be emperor of all India.

Na'bob, Nawab. Mohammedan title for the ruler of a province, equivalent to governor or viceroy. Nabob of Bengal. Vizier', Vazir, Vizir. Mohammedan title for a state minister, or prime minister. Nabob Vizier of Oude, governor and

prime minister of Oude.

Shah. Persian title equivalent to king. Padisha, king of kings, a title sometimes taken by the Great Mogul. Shah Alam, the last of the Great Moguls.

Nizam. Hindu title equivalent to regulator, governor. Nizam of Hyderabad. It often carried the idea of regulator of political and judicial affairs. Be'gum. Hindu title for princess.

princess.

Munny Begum, mother

Diwan', Dewan. A head officer of finance.

Dow'lah. Mohammedan title equivalent to governor. ow as ou

in out. Sura'jah Dowlah, one of the Nabobs of Bengal.

Ra'jah, Raja. Hindu title for king. Rajah of Benares. Rajput', Rajpoot. Name of Hindu caste from which the king was chosen. It means son of a king, prince. Rajputana. Name of a district occupied by a strong tribe of the Rajputs.

Punjab', Panjab. Name of a district occupied by the Hindus. The Sikhs were in the Punjab.

Khan. Persian title for king or prince; but like all these titles it often meant nothing more than an assumed distinction, as our esquire.

Pesh'wa.

A title meaning prime minister. Among the Mahrattas the prime minister usurped the rights of the king, so peshwa came to mean ruler. Peshwa of Poona, ruler of the Mahrattas, with his capital at Poona. Nuncomar', Savajee', Cheyt'e Sing (Chit Sing). Aurungzebe' (Awrungzāb), Hy'der A'li.

Dec'can. It means the south. A name given to the southern part of the peninsula of India.

Oude, Oudh. A province. ou as in out. e is silent.
Himalaya. Snow-abode, the word means.

MACAULAY'S WORKS

Essays Published in KNIGHT'S QUARTERLY MAGAZINE.
Fragments of a Roman Tale, 1823.

On the Royal Society of Literature, 1823.
Scenes from Athenian Revels, 1824.

Criticisms on the Principal Italian Writers, No. 1
Dante, No. 2 Petrarch, 1824.

Some account of the Great Lawsuit between the Par-
ishes of St. Denis and St. George in the Water, 1824.

A Conversation of Mr. Abraham Cowley and Mr. John
Milton touching the Great Civil War, 1824.

On the Athenian Orators, 1824.

A Prophetic Account of a Grand National Epic, to be entitled "The Wellingtoniad," and to be published in 2824, 1824.

On Mitford's History of Greece, 1824. Essays Published in EDINBURGH REVIEW. The West Indies, Jan., 1825.

Milton, August, 1825.

The London University, Jan., 1826.

Social and Industrial Capacities of Negroes, March,

1827.

Machiavelli, March, 1827.

The Present Administration, June, 1827.

John Dryden, Jan., 1828.

History, May, 1828.

Hallam's Constitutional History, Sept., 1828.

Mill on Government, March, 1829.

Westminster Reviewer's Defence of Mill, June, 1829.
Utilitarian Theory of Government, Oct., 1829.
Southey's Colloquies on Society, Jan., 1830.
Mr. Robert Montgomery's Poems, April, 1830.
Sadler's Law of Population, July, 1830.

Southey's Edition of the Pilgrim's Progress, Dec., 1830.
Sadler's Refutation Refuted, Jan., 1831.

Civil Disabilities of the Jews, Jan., 1831.
Moore's Life of Lord Byron, June, 1831.

Croker's Edition of Boswell's Life of Johnson, Sept.,
1831.

Lord Nugent's Memorial of Hampden, Dec., 1831.
Burleigh and His Times, April, 1832.

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