Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell.
O, what a fall was there, my countrymen !
Then I, and you, and all of us fell down,
Whilst bloody treason flourish'd3 over us.
O, now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel
The dint of pity: these are gracious drops.
Kind souls, what, weep you, when you but behold
Our Cæsar's vesture wounded? Look you here,
Here is himself, marr'd, as you see, with traitors 5.

word was not yet completely denizened in his time. Beaumont, in his Masque, writes it statua, and its plural statuaes.

Statua was used as late as 1646, by John Hall, in his Horæ Vacivæ, or Essays, &c. "A too nice refusal of fame-some time is more ambitious than the acceptance; as in that of Cato; he had rather men should aske why his statua was not there than why it was." Yet, it must be acknowledged, that statue is used more than once in this play, as a dissyllable. MALONE.

See vol. iv. p. 119.

66

I could bring a multitude of instances in which statua is used for statue. Thus, in Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, edit. 1632, 540: and Callistratus by the helpe of Dædalus about Cupid's statua, made" &c. Again, 574: " his statua was to be seene in the temple of Venus Elusina." STEEVENS.

2 Which all the while ran blood,] The image seems to be, that the blood of Cæsar flew upon the statue, and trickled down it. JOHNSON. Shakspeare took these words from Sir Thomas North's translalation of Plutarch: against the very base whereon Pompey's image stood, which ran all a gore of blood, till he was slain."

3

66

STEEVENS.

- treason FLOURISH'D-] i. e. flourished the sword. So, in Rome and Juliet:

66

And flourishes his blade in spite of me." STEEVENS. 4 The DINT of pity:] Is the impression of pity.

The word is in common use among our ancient writers. So, in Preston's Cambyses:

"Your grace therein may hap receive, with other for your parte,

"The dent of death," &c.

Again, ibid. :

"He shall dye by dent of sword, or else by choking rope." STEEVENS.

5 Here is himself, MARR'D, as you see, with traitors.] To mar seems to have anciently signified to lacerate. So, in Solyman

1 CIT. O piteous spectacle!

2 CIT. O noble Cæsar!

3 CIT. O woful day!

4 CIT. O traitors, villains!

1 CIT. O most bloody sight!

2 CIT. We will be revenged: revenge; about,— seek,-burn,-fire,-kill,-slay !—let not a traitor

live.

ANT. Stay, countrymen.

1 CIT. Peace there :-Hear the noble Antony. 2 CIT. We'll hear him, we'll follow him, we'll die with him.

ANT. Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up

To such a sudden flood of mutiny.

They, that have done this deed, are honourable;
What private griefs they have, alas, I know not,
That made them do it; they are wise and honour-
able,

And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you.
I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts;
I am no orator, as Brutus is:

But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man,
That love my friend; and that they know full well
That gave me publick leave to speak of him.
For I have neither writ°, nor words, nor worth,

and Perseda, a tragedy, 1599, Basilisco feeling the end of his dagger, says:

"This point will mar her skin."

To mar sometimes signified to deface, as in Othello : "Nor mar that whiter skin of hers than snow: and sometimes to destroy, as in Timon of Athens : "And mar men's spurring."

Ancient alliteration always produces mar as the opposite of make. STEEVENS.

6 For I have neither WRIT,] I have no penned or premeditated oration. JOHNSON.

So, in King Henry VI. Part II. :

Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech,
To stir men's blood: I only speak right on;

I tell you that, which you yourselves do know ; Show you sweet Cæsar's wounds, poor, poor dumb mouths,

And bid them speak for me: But were I Brutus,
And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony
Would ruffle up your spirits, and put a tongue
In every wound of Cæsar, that should move
The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.
CIT. We'll mutiny.

1 CIT. We'll burn the house of Brutus.

3 CIT. Away then, come, seek the conspirators.

"Now, my good lord, let's see the devil's writ."

i. e. writing. Again, in Hamlet: " the law of writ and the liberty."-The editor of the second folio, who altered whatever he did not understand, substituted wit for writ. Wit in our author's time had not its present signification, but meant understanding. Would Shakspeare make Antony declare himself void of common intelligence? MALONE.

The first folio (and, I believe, through a mistake of the press,) has-writ, which in the second folio was properly changed into -wit. Dr. Johnson, however, supposes that by writ was meant a penned and premeditated oration.”

But the artful speaker, on this sudden call for his exertions, was surely designed, with affected modesty, to represent himself as one who had neither wit, (i. e. strength of understanding) persuasive language, weight of character, graceful action, harmony of voice, &c. (the usual requisites of an orator) to influence the minds of the people. Was it necessary, therefore, that, on an occasion so precipitate, he should have urged that he had brought no written speech in his pocket? since every person who heard him must have been aware that the interval between the death of Cæsar, and the time present, would have been inadequate to such a composition, which indeed could not have been produced at all, unless, like the indictment of Lord Hastings in King Richard III. it had been got ready through a premonition of the event that would require it.

What is styled the devil's writ in King Henry VI. Part II. is the deposition of the dæmon, written down before witnesses on the stage. I therefore continue to read with the second folio, being unambitious of reviving the blunders of the first. STEEVENS.

ANT. Yet hear me, countrymen; yet hear me

speak.

CIT. Peace, ho! Hear Antony, most noble An

tony.

ANT. Why, friends, you go to do you know not

what :

:

Wherein hath Cæsar thus deserv'd your loves?
Alas, you know not :-I must tell you then :-
You have forgot the will I told you of.
CIT. Most true ;-the will;-let's stay, and hear
the will.

ANT. Here is the will, and under Cæsar's seal. To every Roman citizen he gives,

To every several man, seventy-five drachmas 7. 2 Cır. Most noble Cæsar!-we'll revenge his death.

3 CIT. O royal Cæsar!

ANT. Hear me with patience.

CIT. Peace, ho!

ANT. Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbours, and new-planted orchards, On this side Tyber; he hath left them you,

7-seventy-five DRACHMAS.] A drachma was a Greek coin, the same as the Roman denier, of the value of four sesterces, 7d. ob. STEEVENS.

8 On THIS side Tyber;] This scene is here in the Forum near the Capitol, and in the most frequented part of the city; but Cæsar's gardens were very remote from that quarter :

:

Trans Tiberim longe cubat is. prope Cæsaris hortos. says Horace and both the Naumachia and gardens of Cæsar were separated from the main city by the river; and lay out wide, on a line with Mount Janiculum. Our author therefore certainly

and Plutarch, whom Shakspeare very diligently studied, in The Life of Marcus Brutus, speaking of Cæsar's will, expressly says, That he left to the publick his gardens, and walks, beyond the Tyber. THEOBALD.

This emendation has been adopted by the subsequent editors; but hear the old translation, where Shakspeare's study lay: "He

And to your heirs for ever; common pleasures,
To walk abroad, and recreate yourselves.
Here was a Cæsar: When comes such another?
1 CIT. Never, never :-Come, away, away:
We'll burn his body in the holy place,

And with the brands fire the traitors' houses".
Take up the body.

2 CIT. Go, fetch fire.

3 CIT. Pluck down benches.

4 CIT. Pluck down forms, windows, any thing. [Exeunt Citizens, with the Body. ANT. Now let it work: Mischief, thou art afoot, Take thou what course thou wilt!-How now, fellow?

Enter a Servant.

SERV. Sir, Octavius is already come to Rome.
ANT. Where is he?

SERV. He and Lepidus are at Cæsar's house.
ANT. And thither will I straight to visit him :
He comes upon a wish. Fortune is merry,
And in this mood will give us any thing.

SERV. I heard him say, Brutus and Cassius
Are rid like madmen through the gates of Rome.
ANT. Belike, they had some notice of the people,
How I had mov'd them. Bring me to Octavius.
[Exeunt.

bequeathed unto every citizen of Rome seventy-five drachmas a man, and he left his gardens and arbours unto the people, which he had on this side of the river Tiber." FARMER.

9 FIRE the traitors' houses.] Thus the old copy. The more modern editors read-" fire all the traitors' houses; " but fire was then pronounced, as it was sometimes written, fier. So, in Humors Ordinary, a Collection of Epigrams :

STEEVENS.

"Oh rare compound, a dying horse to choke, "Of English fier and of Indian smoke!" By the expression the "more modern editors," Mr. Steevens seems to have been willing to conceal that this was one of the many corruptions introduced by the editor of the second folio.

MALONE,